Hippocampal CB(1) receptors mediate the memory impairing effects of Delta(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol.
paper
Cited
Public
- Authors
- Wise, Laura E; Thorpe, Andrew J; Lichtman, Aron H
- Year
- 2009
- Journal
- Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology
- PMID
- 19322169
- DOI
- 10.1038/npp.2009.31
- PMCID
- PMC2822461
It is firmly established that the hippocampus, a brain region implicated in spatial learning, episodic memory, and consolidation, contains a high concentration of CB(1) receptors. Moreover, systemic and intrahippocampal administration of cannabinoid agonists have been shown to impair hippocampal-dependent memory tasks. However, the degree to which CB(1) receptors in the hippocampus play a specific functional role in the memory disruptive effects of marijuana or its primary psychoactive constituent Delta(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol (Delta(9)-THC) is unknown. This study was designed to determine whether hippocampal CB(1) receptors play a functional role in the memory disruptive effects of systemically administered cannabinoids, using the radial arm maze, a well characterized rodent model of working memory. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were implanted with bilateral cannulae aimed at the CA1 region of the dorsal hippocampus. The CB(1) receptor antagonist, rimonabant, was delivered into the hippocampus before to a systemic injection of either Delta(9)-THC or the potent cannabinoid analog, CP-55,940. Strikingly, intrahippocampal administration of rimonabant completely attenuated the memory disruptive effects of both cannabinoids in the radial arm maze task, but did not affect other pharmacological properties of cannabinoids, as assessed in the tetrad assay (that is, hypomotility, analgesia, catalepsy, and hypothermia). Infusions of rimonabant just dorsal or ventral to the hippocampus did not prevent Delta(9)-THC-induced memory impairment, indicating that its effects on mnemonic function were regionally selective. These findings provide compelling evidence in support of the view that hippocampal CB(1) receptors play a necessary role in the memory disruptive effects of marijuana.
Establishing an effective dose of rimonabant for intrahippocampal administration. A. Intrahippocampal rimonabant (Rim; 0.06 ΞΌg/rat) blocked the memory disruptive effects of intrahippocampal CP-55,940 (CP; 10 ΞΌg/rat) in the eight arm radial maze task. B. Intrahippocampal injection of CP-55,940 and rimonabant given separately or in combination did not affect maze running speed. C. Location of intracerebral infusion sites. Drugs were tested in a counterbalanced order. ** p < 0.01 for each group vs. vehicle-vehicle (v-v) treated rats. Results are shown as mean Β± SE. n = 9 rats/group.
Hippocampal CB1 receptors mediate the memory disruptive effects of systemically administered cannabinoid receptor agonists in the radial arm maze task. A. Intracerebral administration of rimonabant (Rim; 0.06 ΞΌg/rat) into the dorsal hippocampal blocked re-entry errors caused by the potent cannabinoid CP-55,940 (CP; 0.05 mg/kg; i.p.). B. CP-55,940 and rimonabant given separately or in combination did not affect maze running speed. C. Intracerebral administration of rimonabant (0.06 ΞΌg/rat) into the dorsal hippocampal blocked re-entry errors caused by Ξ9-THC (THC; 5.6 mg/kg; i.p.). D. Ξ9-THC led to a significant decrease in the rate of entry into each arm, which was not affected by rimonabant. E. Location of intracerebral infusion sites. Closed and open circles respectively reflect injections sites properly placed within the hippocampus and outside the hippocampus. E. Photomicrograph of cannulae placement in dorsal hippocampus from a representative rat. ** p < 0.01 versus each other group. ## p < 0.01 for Ξ9-THC vs. vehicle treatment. Results are shown as mean Β± SE. n=7-17 rats/group.
Rimonabant (Rim) infused dorsal to the hippocampus does not reduce Ξ9-THC-induced memory impairment. Systemic administration of Ξ9-THC (5.6 mg/kg) produced significant increases in re-entry errors (A) and arm entry rates (B) that were not blocked by rimonabant (0.06 ΞΌg/rat) microinjected in sites dorsal to the hippocampus. C. Location of intracerebral infusion sites. Closed circles depict intracerebral infusion sites from cannulae implanted dorsal to the hippocampus. Results are shown as mean Β± SE. n = 6-13 rats/group. # p < 0.05, ## p < 0.01 for Ξ9-THC vs. vehicle treatment.
Rimonabant (Rim) infused ventral to the hippocampus does not reduce Ξ9-THC-induced memory impairment. Systemic administration of Ξ9-THC (5.6 mg/kg) produced significant increases in re-entry errors (A) and arm entry rates (B) that were not blocked by rimonabant (0.06 ΞΌg/rat) given ventral to the border of the hippocampus. C. Location of intracerebral infusion sites. Closed circles depict intracerebral infusion sites from cannulae implanted ventral to the hippocampus. Results are shown as mean Β± SE. n = 8 rats/group. # p < 0.05, ## p < 0.01 for Ξ9-THC vs. vehicle treatment.
Intracerebral administration of rimonabant (Rim; 0.06 ΞΌg/rat) into the dorsal hippocampal does not block the non-mnemonic effects of systemically administered CP-55,940 (CP; 0.15 mg/kg, i.p.), as assessed in the tetrad assay that includes hypomotility (A), antinociception (B), catalepsy (C), and hypothermia (D). * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01 for each group vs. vehicle-vehicle (V-V) treatment. Results are shown as mean Β± SE. n=4-9 rats/group.
1β20 of 32
Next β
| Name | Type |
|---|---|
| acquisition local | phenotype |
| alcohol | phenotype |
| alkamuls-620 local | drug |
| AM281 local | drug |
| antinociception local | phenotype |
| Betadine local | drug |
| bicuculline | drug |
| cannabinoid receptor agonists local | drug |
| Cannabinoid receptor agonists local | drug |
| cannabinoids | drug |
| cannabis use | phenotype |
| catalepsy local | phenotype |
| Catalepsy local | phenotype |
| CB1 agonist | drug |
| CB1 receptor | drug |
| choice accuracy local | phenotype |
| Cnr1 | gene |
| conditional CB1 knockout mice local | cohort |
| conditional_knockout_mice local | cohort |
| corpus callosum | anatomy |
| correct response | phenotype |
| CP-55,940 local | drug |
| CP55-940 local | drug |
| CP-55,950 local | drug |
| depressed hippocampal cell firing local | phenotype |
| dorsal hippocampus | anatomy |
| entry rate local | phenotype |
| ethanol consumption | phenotype |
| food pellet | drug |
| food-restricted diet local | drug |
| GABA | phenotype |
| GABAergic basket cell interneurons local | phenotype |
| GABAergic_neurons local | anatomy |
| gamma oscillations | phenotype |
| global_CNR1_knockout_mice local | cohort |
| glutamatergic neurons | phenotype |
| Glutamatergic terminals local | phenotype |
| hippocampal CA1 region | anatomy |
| hippocampus | anatomy |
| hypomotility local | phenotype |
| hypothermia | phenotype |
| isoflurane | drug |
| Isopentane | drug |
| laboratory rodents local | cohort |
| learning | phenotype |
| learning and memory | phenotype |
| locomotor activity | phenotype |
| locomotor depression | phenotype |
| Locomotor suppression local | phenotype |
| long term spatial memory local | phenotype |
| marijuana | phenotype |
| maze completion time local | phenotype |
| medial prefrontal cortex | anatomy |
| memory | phenotype |
| memory_disruptive_effects local | phenotype |
| mnemonic processes local | phenotype |
| Motor alterations local | phenotype |
| mutant_mice_lacking_CNR1_on_GABAergic_neurons local | cohort |
| nociception | phenotype |
| non_mnemonic_effects local | phenotype |
| Non-mnemonic effects of cannabinoids local | phenotype |
| Noyes pellet local | drug |
| nucleus accumbens | anatomy |
| Omission error local | phenotype |
| ophthalmic gel local | drug |
| opioid | drug |
| Passive avoidance | phenotype |
| Paxinos and Watson rat brain atlas local | anatomy |
| pentobarbital | drug |
| physiological effects local | phenotype |
| place recognition memory local | phenotype |
| place recognition task local | phenotype |
| prefrontal cortex | anatomy |
| prepulse inhibition | phenotype |
| principal neurons local | anatomy |
| Radial arm choice accuracy local | phenotype |
| radial arm entry rate local | phenotype |
| radial arm maze local | phenotype |
| radial arm maze performance local | phenotype |
| rats | cohort |
| rectal temperature change local | phenotype |
| Re-entry error local | phenotype |
| re-entry errors local | phenotype |
| retrieval memory local | phenotype |
| rimonabant | drug |
| ripple oscillations local | phenotype |
| rodents | cohort |
| rostral hippocampus local | anatomy |
| running speed | phenotype |
| saline | drug |
| sensorimotor effects local | phenotype |
| Session local | cohort |
| short term memory local | phenotype |
| spatial memory | phenotype |
| spatial_memory local | phenotype |
| Spatial search strategy local | phenotype |
| Sprague Dawley male rats local | cohort |
| subjective effects | phenotype |
| Synaptic long-term plasticity local | phenotype |
| synaptic plasticity | phenotype |
| Tail flick local | phenotype |
| tail-flick response local | phenotype |
| Temperature | phenotype |
| tetrad assay local | phenotype |
| tetrad_effects local | phenotype |
| theta oscillations | phenotype |
| Thionin | drug |
| t-maze delayed alternation local | phenotype |
| t-maze delayed alternation performance local | phenotype |
| tolerance | phenotype |
| ventral hippocampus | anatomy |
| ventral tegmental area | anatomy |
| water | drug |
| water maze reference memory task local | phenotype |
| WIN212-2 local | drug |
| WIN 55,212-2 | drug |
| WIN55,212-2 | drug |
| Ξ9-THC | drug |
No uploaded files.
Not in any collection.
In this knowledge base
External
| Title | Authors | Journal | Year | Link |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Effects of legal-market cannabis and alcohol on verbal learning and memory. | Gowin JL et al. | β | 2026 | β |
| Memory impairment and chronic high-dose Ξ9-THC/cannabis exposure: a narrative review of molecular mechanisms underlying neurotoxic effects. | Mashayekhi-Sardoo H et al. | β | 2026 | β |
| Bubble Perfusion Brain Slice Culture with Single-Droplet Stimulus Delivery in a 3D Printed Microfluidic Device. | Gutierrez GG et al. | β | 2025 | β |
| Cannabinoid Modulation of Excitability and Short-Term Neuronal Dynamics in the Dorsal and Ventral Hippocampus. | Tsotsokou G et al. | β | 2025 | β |
| Exogenous Administration of Delta-9-Tetrahydrocannabinol Affects Adult Hippocampal Neurotransmission in Female Wistar Rats. | Neves AM et al. | β | 2025 | β |
| Large-Scale Profiling of Coding and Long Noncoding Transcriptomes in the Hippocampus of Mice Acutely Exposed to Vaporized CBD or THC. | Choi MR et al. | β | 2025 | β |
| Psychometric evaluation of a novel measure of trauma-related cannabis use to cope. | Hawn SE et al. | β | 2025 | β |
| Structural changes of tubulin by interacting with Ξ<sup>9</sup>-tetrahydrocannabinol: in-vitro and theoretical studies. | Mohammadkhani M et al. | β | 2025 | β |
| Cannabinoids: Role in Neurological Diseases and Psychiatric Disorders. | Kumar U | β | 2024 | β |
| Effects of Chronic, Low-Dose Cannabinoids, Cannabidiol, Delta-9-Tetrahydrocannabinol and a Combination of Both, on Amyloid Pathology in the 5xFAD Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease. | Arnanz MA et al. | β | 2024 | β |
| Multi-modal and bi-directional effects of a synthetic Ξ9-Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) analogue, Nabilone, on spatio-temporal binding windows: Evidence from the projected hand illusion. | Lim MJH et al. | β | 2024 | β |
| T-DOpE probes reveal sensitivity of hippocampal oscillations to cannabinoids in behaving mice. | Kim J et al. | β | 2024 | β |
| The Impact of Cannabis Use on Cognition in People with HIV: Evidence of Function-Dependent Effects and Mechanisms from Clinical and Preclinical Studies. | Ayoub SM et al. | β | 2024 | β |
| Vaporized Ξ9-tetrahydrocannabinol exposure in utero has negative effects on attention in a dose- and sex-dependent manner. | Penman SL et al. | β | 2024 | β |
| CBD enhances the cognitive score of adolescent rats prenatally exposed to THC and fine-tunes relevant effectors of hippocampal plasticity. | Castelli V et al. | β | 2023 | β |
| Endocannabinoid regulation of hippocampus-dependent memory. | Figueiredo A et al. | β | 2023 | β |
| HIV chronicity as a predictor of hippocampal memory deficits in daily cannabis users living with HIV. | Woodcock EA et al. | β | 2023 | β |
| Prenatal Exposure to Ξ9-Tetrahydrocannabinol Affects Hippocampus-Related Cognitive Functions in the Adolescent Rat Offspring: Focus on Specific Markers of Neuroplasticity. | Castelli V et al. | β | 2023 | β |
| Cannabinoid Receptor Type 1 Regulates Drug Reward Behavior via Glutamate Decarboxylase 67 Transcription. | Gu SM et al. | β | 2021 | β |
| Cannabis: A Toxin-Producing Plant with Potential Therapeutic Uses. | Breijyeh Z et al. | β | 2021 | β |
| Early-life stress exacerbates the effects of WIN55,212-2 and modulates the cannabinoid receptor type 1 expression. | MartΓn-SΓ‘nchez A et al. | β | 2021 | β |
| Effects of β<sup>9</sup>-THC on memory in ovariectomized and intact female rats. | DeLarge AF et al. | β | 2021 | β |
| Impairment of Synaptic Plasticity by Cannabis, Ξ<sup>9</sup>-THC, and Synthetic Cannabinoids. | Hoffman AF et al. | β | 2021 | β |
| Potential and Limits of Cannabinoids in Alzheimer's Disease Therapy. | Abate G et al. | β | 2021 | β |
| Rapamycin prevents the long-term impairing effects of adolescence Ξ-9-tetrahydrocannabinol on memory and plasticity in male rats. | Sabran-Cohen T et al. | β | 2021 | β |
| Reelin deficiency contributes to long-term behavioral abnormalities induced by chronic adolescent exposure to Ξ9-tetrahydrocannabinol in mice. | Iemolo A et al. | β | 2021 | β |
| The neural and molecular basis of working memory function in psychosis: a multimodal PET-fMRI study. | Borgan F et al. | β | 2021 | β |
| Activation of cannabinoid type 1 receptors decreases the synchronization of local field potential oscillations in the hippocampus and entorhinal cortex and prolongs the interresponse time during a differential-reinforcement-of-low-rate task. | Liao WT et al. | β | 2020 | β |
| Cytochrome P450 derived epoxidized fatty acids as a therapeutic tool against neuroinflammatory diseases. | Atone J et al. | β | 2020 | β |
| Deleterious Effects of Ethanol, Ξ(9)-Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), and Their Combination on the Spatial Memory and Cognitive Flexibility in Adolescent and Adult Male Rats in the Barnes Maze Task. | Gibula-Tarlowska E et al. | β | 2020 | β |
| Heteroarylureas with fused bicyclic diamine cores as inhibitors of fatty acid amide hydrolase. | Keith JM et al. | β | 2020 | β |
| Adipocyte cannabinoid CB1 receptor deficiency alleviates high fat diet-induced memory deficit, depressive-like behavior, neuroinflammation and impairment in adult neurogenesis. | SuΓ‘rez J et al. | β | 2019 | β |
| Astrocytic Mechanisms Involving Kynurenic Acid Control Ξ<sup>9</sup>-Tetrahydrocannabinol-Induced Increases in Glutamate Release in Brain Reward-Processing Areas. | Secci ME et al. | β | 2019 | β |
| Dark Classics in Chemical Neuroscience: Ξ<sup>9</sup>-Tetrahydrocannabinol. | Banister SD et al. | β | 2019 | β |
| Oleoylethanolamide Modulates BDNF-ERK Signaling and Neurogenesis in the Hippocampi of Rats Exposed to Ξ<sup>9</sup>-THC and Ethanol Binge Drinking During Adolescence. | Silva-PeΓ±a D et al. | β | 2019 | β |
| Single and combined effects of plant-derived and synthetic cannabinoids on cognition and cannabinoid-associated withdrawal signs in mice. | Myers AM et al. | β | 2019 | β |
| Cannabinoid disruption of learning mechanisms involved in reward processing. | Lupica CR et al. | β | 2018 | β |
| Chronic, intermittent treatment with a cannabinoid receptor agonist impairs recognition memory and brain network functional connectivity. | Mouro FM et al. | β | 2018 | β |
| Dietary Galacto-Oligosaccharides and Resistant Starch Protect Against Altered CB1 and 5-HT1A and 2A Receptor Densities in Rat Brain: Implications for Preventing Cognitive and Appetite Dysfunction During a High-Fat Diet. | Yu Y et al. | β | 2018 | β |
| Hippocampal Protein Kinase C Signaling Mediates the Short-Term Memory Impairment Induced by Delta9-Tetrahydrocannabinol. | Busquets-Garcia A et al. | β | 2018 | β |
| Ξ9-tetrahydrocannabinol modulates the proteasome system in the brain. | Salgado-MendialdΓΊa V et al. | β | 2018 | β |
| Cannabidiol disrupts the consolidation of specific and generalized fear memories via dorsal hippocampus CB<sub>1</sub> and CB<sub>2</sub> receptors. | Stern CAJ et al. | β | 2017 | β |
| Cannabinoid Modulation of the Stressed Hippocampus. | Scarante FF et al. | β | 2017 | β |
| Cannabis-related hippocampal volumetric abnormalities specific to subregions in dependent users. | Chye Y et al. | β | 2017 | β |
| Chronic and acute adenosine A<sub>2A</sub> receptor blockade prevents long-term episodic memory disruption caused by acute cannabinoid CB<sub>1</sub> receptor activation. | Mouro FM et al. | β | 2017 | β |
| Disruption of hippocampal synaptic transmission and long-term potentiation by psychoactive synthetic cannabinoid 'Spice' compounds: comparison with Ξ<sup>9</sup> -tetrahydrocannabinol. | Hoffman AF et al. | β | 2017 | β |
| Effects of cannabinoid and vanilloid receptor agonists and their interaction on learning and memory in rats. | Shiri M et al. | β | 2017 | β |
| Spicing Up Pharmacology: A Review of Synthetic Cannabinoids From Structure to Adverse Events. | Davidson C et al. | β | 2017 | β |
| The interactive role of CB1 receptors and L-type calcium channels in hippocampal long-term potentiation in rats. | Komaki H et al. | β | 2017 | β |
| Cannabinoid modulation of memory consolidation within the cerebellum. | Steinmetz AB et al. | β | 2016 | β |
| CB1 receptors in the formation of the different phases of memory-related processes in the inhibitory avoidance test in mice. | Kruk-Slomka M et al. | β | 2016 | β |
| Interplay between serotonin and cannabinoid function in the amygdala in fear conditioning. | Nasehi M et al. | β | 2016 | β |
| Loss of Either Rac1 or Rac3 GTPase Differentially Affects the Behavior of Mutant Mice and the Development of Functional GABAergic Networks. | Pennucci R et al. | β | 2016 | β |
| Synthetic cannabinoid JWH-018 and its halogenated derivatives JWH-018-Cl and JWH-018-Br impair Novel Object Recognition in mice: Behavioral, electrophysiological and neurochemical evidence. | Barbieri M et al. | β | 2016 | β |
| The endocannabinoid system and Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD): From preclinical findings to innovative therapeutic approaches in clinical settings. | Berardi A et al. | β | 2016 | β |
| Effects of cannabinoid and glutamate receptor antagonists and their interactions on learning and memory in male rats. | Barzegar S et al. | β | 2015 | β |
| Effects of URB597 as an inhibitor of fatty acid amide hydrolase on WIN55, 212-2-induced learning and memory deficits in rats. | Hasanein P et al. | β | 2015 | β |
| Hormonal status and age differentially affect tolerance to the disruptive effects of delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Ξ(9)-THC) on learning in female rats. | Winsauer PJ et al. | β | 2015 | β |
| Increased tonic cannabinoid CB1R activity and brain region-specific desensitization of CB1R Gi/o signaling axis in mice with global genetic knockout of monoacylglycerol lipase. | Navia-Paldanius D et al. | β | 2015 | β |
| Influence of muscarinic receptor modulators on interacerebroventricular injection of arachydonylcyclopropylamide induced antinociception in mice. | Jafari MR et al. | β | 2015 | β |
| Modulation of the effects of the cannabinoid agonist, ACPA, on spatial and non-spatial novelty detection in mice by dopamine D1 receptor drugs infused into the basolateral amygdala. | Mohammadi M et al. | β | 2015 | β |
| Monoacylglycerol lipase (MGLL) polymorphism rs604300 interacts with childhood adversity to predict cannabis dependence symptoms and amygdala habituation: Evidence from an endocannabinoid system-level analysis. | Carey CE et al. | β | 2015 | β |
| The effect of BLA GABA(A) receptors in anxiolytic-like effect and aversive memory deficit induced by ACPA. | Kangarlu-Haghighi K et al. | β | 2015 | β |
| Training-Associated Emotional Arousal Shapes Endocannabinoid Modulation of Spatial Memory Retrieval in Rats. | Morena M et al. | β | 2015 | β |
| Ξ9-Tetrahydrocannabinol alone and combined with cannabidiol mitigate fear memory through reconsolidation disruption. | Stern CA et al. | β | 2015 | β |
| Acute administration of THC impairs spatial but not associative memory function in zebrafish. | Ruhl T et al. | β | 2014 | β |
| A role for the endocannabinoid system in exercise-induced spatial memory enhancement in mice. | Ferreira-Vieira TH et al. | β | 2014 | β |
| Chronic cannabinoid agonist (WIN 55,212-2) exposure alters hippocampal dentate gyrus spine density in adult rats. | Candelaria-Cook FT et al. | β | 2014 | β |
| CP55,940 attenuates spatial memory retrieval in mice. | Bialuk I et al. | β | 2014 | β |
| Localization of the cannabinoid CB1 receptor and the 2-AG synthesizing (DAGLΞ±) and degrading (MAGL, FAAH) enzymes in cells expressing the Ca(2+)-binding proteins calbindin, calretinin, and parvalbumin in the adult rat hippocampus. | Rivera P et al. | β | 2014 | β |
| The endocannabinoid system: an emotional buffer in the modulation of memory function. | Morena M et al. | β | 2014 | β |
| WIN55,212-2 impairs non-associative recognition and spatial memory in rats via CB1 receptor stimulation. | Galanopoulos A et al. | β | 2014 | β |
| A preliminary study of functional brain activation among marijuana users during performance of a virtual water maze task. | Sneider JT et al. | β | 2013 | β |
| DHA prevents altered 5-HT1A, 5-HT2A, CB1 and GABAA receptor binding densities in the brain of male rats fed a high-saturated-fat diet. | Yu Y et al. | β | 2013 | β |
| Involvement of dorsal hippocampal and medial septal nicotinic receptors in cross state-dependent memory between WIN55, 212-2 and nicotine or ethanol in mice. | Alijanpour S et al. | β | 2013 | β |
| Involvement of the CA1 GABAA receptors in ACPA-induced impairment of spatial and non-spatial novelty detection in mice. | Yousefi B et al. | β | 2013 | β |
| Pharmacological effects of cannabinoids on the reference and working memory functions in mice. | Avdesh A et al. | β | 2013 | β |
| Recent molecular approaches to understanding astrocyte function in vivo. | Davila D et al. | β | 2013 | β |
| The effect of cannabis use on memory function: an update. | Schoeler T et al. | β | 2013 | β |
| Acute cannabinoids impair working memory through astroglial CB1 receptor modulation of hippocampal LTD. | Han J et al. | β | 2012 | β |
| Associations between cannabinoid receptor-1 (CNR1) variation and hippocampus and amygdala volumes in heavy cannabis users. | Schacht JP et al. | β | 2012 | β |
| Cannabinoids disrupt hippocampal sharp wave-ripples via inhibition of glutamate release. | Maier N et al. | β | 2012 | β |
| Cellular and intracellular mechanisms involved in the cognitive impairment of cannabinoids. | Puighermanal E et al. | β | 2012 | β |
| Dual fatty acid amide hydrolase and monoacylglycerol lipase blockade produces THC-like Morris water maze deficits in mice. | Wise LE et al. | β | 2012 | β |
| Effects of Ξ9-tetrahydrocannabinol administration on human encoding and recall memory function: a pharmacological FMRI study. | Bossong MG et al. | β | 2012 | β |
| Grey matter alterations associated with cannabis use: results of a VBM study in heavy cannabis users and healthy controls. | Cousijn J et al. | β | 2012 | β |
| Involvement of opioid system in cognitive deficits induced by ββΉ-tetrahydrocannabinol in rats. | Egashira N et al. | β | 2012 | β |
| Loss of CB1 receptors leads to differential age-related changes in reward-driven learning and memory. | Albayram O et al. | β | 2012 | β |
| Neuroimaging evidence for cannabinoid modulation of cognition and affect in man. | Bhattacharyya S et al. | β | 2012 | β |
| Susceptibility of the adolescent brain to cannabinoids: long-term hippocampal effects and relevance to schizophrenia. | Gleason KA et al. | β | 2012 | β |
| The therapeutic potential of the endocannabinoid system for Alzheimer's disease. | Karl T et al. | β | 2012 | β |
| Clozapine and SCH 23390 prevent the spatial working memory disruption induced by Ξ9-THC administration into the medial prefrontal cortex. | Rodrigues LC et al. | β | 2011 | β |
| Differential effects of cannabinoid receptor agonist on social discrimination and contextual fear in amygdala and hippocampus. | Segev A et al. | β | 2011 | β |
| Dysfunctional prefrontal cortical network activity and interactions following cannabinoid receptor activation. | Kucewicz MT et al. | β | 2011 | β |
| Effects of endocannabinoid system modulation on cognitive and emotional behavior. | Zanettini C et al. | β | 2011 | β |
| Medial temporal structures and memory functions in adolescents with heavy cannabis use. | Ashtari M et al. | β | 2011 | β |
| Molecular reorganization of endocannabinoid signalling in Alzheimer's disease. | Mulder J et al. | β | 2011 | β |
| Regulation of hippocampal cannabinoid CB1 receptor actions by adenosine A1 receptors and chronic caffeine administration: implications for the effects of Ξ9-tetrahydrocannabinol on spatial memory. | Sousa VC et al. | β | 2011 | β |
| The endogenous cannabinoid anandamide shares discriminative stimulus effects with β(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol in fatty acid amide hydrolase knockout mice. | Walentiny DM et al. | β | 2011 | β |
| The rivers of Lethe and Mnemosyne converge: propofol and memory consolidation. | Hemmings HC et al. | β | 2011 | β |
| The synthetic cannabinoid WIN 55212-2 differentially modulates thigmotaxis but not spatial learning in adolescent and adult animals. | Acheson SK et al. | β | 2011 | β |
| Control of cannabinoid CB1 receptor function on glutamate axon terminals by endogenous adenosine acting at A1 receptors. | Hoffman AF et al. | β | 2010 | β |
| Delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol is a full agonist at CB1 receptors on GABA neuron axon terminals in the hippocampus. | Laaris N et al. | β | 2010 | β |
| Estrogenic regulation of limbic cannabinoid receptor binding. | Riebe CJ et al. | β | 2010 | β |
| Evidence that spatial memory deficits following bilateral vestibular deafferentation in rats are probably permanent. | Baek JH et al. | β | 2010 | β |
| Impact of cannabidiol on the acute memory and psychotomimetic effects of smoked cannabis: naturalistic study: naturalistic study [corrected]. | Morgan CJ et al. | β | 2010 | β |
| Late-postnatal cannabinoid exposure persistently increases FoxP2 expression within zebra finch striatum. | Soderstrom K et al. | β | 2010 | β |
| Role of cannabinoid receptor type 1 desensitization in greater tetrahydrocannabinol impairment of memory in adolescent rats. | Moore NL et al. | β | 2010 | β |
| Cannabinoid modulation of hippocampal long-term memory is mediated by mTOR signaling. | Puighermanal E et al. | β | 2009 | β |
| The CB1 antagonist rimonabant (SR141716) blocks cue-induced reinstatement of cocaine seeking and other context and extinction phenomena predictive of relapse. | Ward SJ et al. | β | 2009 | β |