study. Fourth, offspring temperament/personality can potentially moderate the influence of parenting behaviors and parent–child relationship (Belsky & Pluess, 2009), which may variably impact neurodevelopment as well as alcohol- and substance-related outcomes in later life. Somewhat mitigating this concern, this study controlled for offspring impulsiveness. Lastly, given the correlational nature of these findings, longitudinal analysis of parenting aspects and patterns on offspring neurocognitive functioning and alcohol behaviors across developmental timepoints is required.
