Heritability of obsessive-compulsive trait dimensions in youth from the general population.
- Authors
- Burton, Christie L; Park, Laura S; Corfield, Elizabeth C; Forget-Dubois, Nadine; Dupuis, Annie; Sinopoli, Vanessa M; Shan, Janet; Goodale, Tara; Shaheen, S-M; Crosbie, Jennifer; Schachar, Russell J; Arnold, Paul D
- Year
- 2018
- Journal
- Translational psychiatry
- PMID
- 30228290
- DOI
- 10.1038/s41398-018-0249-9
- PMCID
- PMC6143601
Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a heritable childhood-onset psychiatric disorder that may represent the extreme of obsessive-compulsive (OC) traits that are widespread in the general population. We report the heritability of the Toronto Obsessive-Compulsive Scale (TOCS), a new measure designed to assess the complete range of OC traits in youth. We also examined the dimensional nature of the TOCS and the degree to which genetic effects are unique or shared between dimensions. OC traits were measured using the TOCS in 16,718 youth (6-18 years) at a science museum. We conducted a factor analysis to identify OC trait dimensions. We used univariate and multivariate twin models to estimate the heritability of OC trait dimensions in a subset of twins (220 pairs). Six OC dimensions were identified: Cleaning/Contamination, Symmetry/Ordering, Rumination, Superstition, Counting/Checking, and Hoarding. The TOCS total score (74%) and each OC dimension was heritable (30-77%). Hoarding was not highly correlated with other OC dimensions, but did share genetic effects. Shared genetics accounted for most of the shared variance among dimensions, whereas unique environment accounted for the majority of dimension-specific variance. One exception was Hoarding, which had considerable unique genetic factors. A latent trait did not account for the shared variance between dimensions. In conclusion, OC traits and individual OC dimensions were heritable, although the degree of shared and dimension-specific etiological factors varied by dimension. The TOCS may be informative for genetic research of OC traits in youth. Genetic research of OC traits should consider both OC dimension and total trait scores.
Independent pathway model of OC dimensions.The independent pathway model afforded the optimal fit to the obsessive–compulsive (OC) dimension data. Shared variance was mostly attributed to shared additive genetic influences (Ac), whereas dimension-specific variance was mostly explained by unique environment (Es). Additive genetic factors (As) accounted for dimension-specific variance for Hoarding and Superstition. Shared (Cc) and dimension-specific (Cs) common environment only explained considerable variance for Cleaning/Contamination
| Name | Type |
|---|---|
| A (additive genetic factor) local | variant |
| ACE common pathway model local | phenotype |
| Additive genetic influence (A) local | phenotype |
| adolescents | cohort |
| adults | cohort |
| age | phenotype |
| Amelogenin local | drug |
| AmpFLSTR Identifiler PCR Amplification kit local | drug |
| CBCL-OCS local | phenotype |
| CBCL-OCS total score local | phenotype |
| CBCL-OCS Total score local | phenotype |
| Cleaning local | phenotype |
| Cleaning/Contamination local | phenotype |
| Cleaning/Contamination dimension local | phenotype |
| Common environmental influence (C) local | phenotype |
| Common environment (Cc) local | phenotype |
| correlated factor model local | phenotype |
| Counting/Checking local | phenotype |
| Counting/Checking dimension local | phenotype |
| C (shared environmental factor) local | variant |
| DNA | drug |
| DZ female twin pairs local | cohort |
| DZ same-sex female twins local | cohort |
| DZ same-sex male twins local | cohort |
| E (non-shared environmental factor) local | variant |
| Forbidden thoughts/checking local | phenotype |
| Genetic factors (Ac) local | phenotype |
| Genetic influences (As) local | phenotype |
| heritability | phenotype |
| hoarding | phenotype |
| Hoarding dimension local | phenotype |
| hoarding disorder local | phenotype |
| Hoarding disorder local | phenotype |
| independent pathway model | phenotype |
| latent phenotype local | phenotype |
| Microsatellite panel local | drug |
| Obsessive–Compulsive local | phenotype |
| Obsessive–Compulsive dimensions local | phenotype |
| obsessive-compulsive disorder | phenotype |
| Obsessive–compulsive disorder local | phenotype |
| Obsessive–compulsive (OC) dimensions local | phenotype |
| Obsessive-compulsive symptoms | phenotype |
| Obsessive–Compulsive symptoms local | phenotype |
| Obsessive-Compulsive trait local | phenotype |
| Obsessive-compulsive traits | phenotype |
| Obsessive–Compulsive traits local | phenotype |
| OCD | phenotype |
| OC dimensions local | phenotype |
| OC trait dimension local | phenotype |
| OC trait dimensions local | phenotype |
| Ontario Science Centre local | cohort |
| Oragene® kits local | drug |
| Probable hoarding disorder local | phenotype |
| respondent local | phenotype |
| rumination | phenotype |
| Rumination dimension local | phenotype |
| sex | phenotype |
| sex differences in heritability local | phenotype |
| Sexual/Religious obsession dimension local | phenotype |
| Short tandem repeats local | drug |
| Superstition local | phenotype |
| Superstition dimension local | phenotype |
| SWAN local | phenotype |
| Symmetry local | phenotype |
| Symmetry/Ordering local | phenotype |
| Symmetry/Ordering dimension local | phenotype |
| TOCS local | cohort |
| TOCS local | phenotype |
| TOCS dimensions local | phenotype |
| TOCS OC trait dimensions local | phenotype |
| TOCS total score local | phenotype |
| TOCS Total Score local | phenotype |
| TOCS total scores local | phenotype |
| TOCS Total Z score local | phenotype |
| TOCS z score local | phenotype |
| Toronto Obsessive–Compulsive Scale local | cohort |
| Toronto Obsessive–Compulsive Scale local | phenotype |
| total OC traits local | phenotype |
| Twin cohort | cohort |
| Twin questionnaire local | drug |
| Unique environmental influence (E) local | phenotype |
| Unique environment (Es) local | phenotype |
| women | cohort |
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In this knowledge base
External
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|---|---|---|---|---|
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| Obsessive Beliefs, Metacognitive Beliefs, and Rumination in Parents of Adolescents with and Without Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: A Linear Mixed-Effects Model. | Mısır E et al. | — | 2025 | → |
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| Hoarding Disorder: The Current Evidence in Conceptualization, Intervention, and Evaluation. | Lin N et al. | — | 2023 | → |
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