The collaborative study on the genetics of alcoholism: Genetics.
paper
Primary
Public
- Authors
- Johnson, Emma C; Salvatore, Jessica E; Lai, Dongbing; Merikangas, Alison K; Nurnberger, John I; Tischfield, Jay A; Xuei, Xiaoling; Kamarajan, Chella; Wetherill, Leah; COGA Collaborators; Rice, John P; Kramer, John R; Kuperman, Samuel; Foroud, Tatiana; Slesinger, Paul A; Goate, Alison M; Porjesz, Bernice; Dick, Danielle M; Edenberg, Howard J; Agrawal, Arpana
- Year
- 2023
- Journal
- Genes, brain, and behavior
- PMID
- 37387240
- DOI
- 10.1111/gbb.12856
- PMCID
- PMC10550788
This review describes the genetic approaches and results from the family-based Collaborative Study on the Genetics of Alcoholism (COGA). COGA was designed during the linkage era to identify genes affecting the risk for alcohol use disorder (AUD) and related problems, and was among the first AUD-focused studies to subsequently adopt a genome-wide association (GWAS) approach. COGA's family-based structure, multimodal assessment with gold-standard clinical and neurophysiological data, and the availability of prospective longitudinal phenotyping continues to provide insights into the etiology of AUD and related disorders. These include investigations of genetic risk and trajectories of substance use and use disorders, phenome-wide association studies of loci of interest, and investigations of pleiotropy, social genomics, genetic nurture, and within-family comparisons. COGA is one of the few AUD genetics projects that includes a substantial number of participants of African ancestry. The sharing of data and biospecimens has been a cornerstone of the COGA project, and COGA is a key contributor to large-scale GWAS consortia. COGA's wealth of publicly available genetic and extensive phenotyping data continues to provide a unique and adaptable resource for our understanding of the genetic etiology of AUD and related traits.
Overview of genetically informed designs that have been used or are proposed for use in the COGA sample.
LLM interpretation
This figure is a conceptual diagram illustrating four genetically informed research designs (Panels A-D) used in the COGA sample. Panel A shows the workflow for creating polygenic risk scores from GWAS results, and Panel B depicts the PheWas approach for testing associations across multiple phenotypes (digestive, neurological, cardiovascular, and laboratory values). Panel C outlines the Mendelian Randomization process for comparing outcomes between effect and non-effect alleles, while Panel D displays family-based designs for studying assortative mating and within-sibling differences.
Graphical summary of three of the most important contributions to understanding the etiology of alcohol use disorders that have come, in part, from genetic analyses in COGA.
LLM interpretation
This figure is a graphical summary consisting of three horizontal panels, each pairing a set of icons with a descriptive text box. The panels outline key contributions to understanding alcohol use disorder etiology: the influence of genetic and environmental factors, the polygenic and multifactorial nature of the disorder, and the importance of diversity in genomic studies. Each section includes a list of corresponding PubMed IDs (PMIDs) as references for the stated findings.
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| 20 | FROM GENE DISCOVERY TO POLYGENICITY: POLYGENIC AND WITHIN‐FAMILY APPROACHES TO ILLUMINATE MECHANISMS OF GENETIC RISK | associated with a phenotype), along with the “hidden heritability” (the difference between… |
| 21 | FROM GENE DISCOVERY TO POLYGENICITY: POLYGENIC AND WITHIN‐FAMILY APPROACHES TO ILLUMINATE MECHANISMS OF GENETIC RISK | potential causes for inflated twin‐based heritability estimates, including shared environment,… |
| 22 | FROM GENE DISCOVERY TO POLYGENICITY: POLYGENIC AND WITHIN‐FAMILY APPROACHES TO ILLUMINATE MECHANISMS OF GENETIC RISK | While the polygenic nature of complex traits has made individual risk variant and gene… |
| 23 | FROM GENE DISCOVERY TO POLYGENICITY: POLYGENIC AND WITHIN‐FAMILY APPROACHES TO ILLUMINATE MECHANISMS OF GENETIC RISK | COGA has tested the extent to which PGS index some of these familial environmental pathways of risk… |
| 24 | FROM GENE DISCOVERY TO POLYGENICITY: POLYGENIC AND WITHIN‐FAMILY APPROACHES TO ILLUMINATE MECHANISMS OF GENETIC RISK — Polygenic risk in a longitudinal framework | Several COGA publications have leveraged the longitudinal design of the Prospective Sample of COGA,… |
| 25 | FROM GENE DISCOVERY TO POLYGENICITY: POLYGENIC AND WITHIN‐FAMILY APPROACHES TO ILLUMINATE MECHANISMS OF GENETIC RISK — Polygenic risk in a longitudinal framework | belonging to a higher cannabis use trajectory class. Importantly, this paper also showed that peer… |
| 26 | FROM GENE DISCOVERY TO POLYGENICITY: POLYGENIC AND WITHIN‐FAMILY APPROACHES TO ILLUMINATE MECHANISMS OF GENETIC RISK — Polygenic risk in a longitudinal framework | The COGA prospective sample data enables exploration of important, longstanding questions in the… |
| 27 | FROM GENE DISCOVERY TO POLYGENICITY: POLYGENIC AND WITHIN‐FAMILY APPROACHES TO ILLUMINATE MECHANISMS OF GENETIC RISK — Polygenic risk in a longitudinal framework | how this key social‐environmental factor might moderate genetic predispositions, and examined… |
| 28 | FROM GENE DISCOVERY TO POLYGENICITY: POLYGENIC AND WITHIN‐FAMILY APPROACHES TO ILLUMINATE MECHANISMS OF GENETIC RISK — Intergenerational transmission of AUD: Delineating the nature of nurture | While it is well‐established that genetic factors contribute to the familial aggregation of AUD, 4… |
| 29 | FROM GENE DISCOVERY TO POLYGENICITY: POLYGENIC AND WITHIN‐FAMILY APPROACHES TO ILLUMINATE MECHANISMS OF GENETIC RISK — Intergenerational transmission of AUD: Delineating the nature of nurture | The availability of parent‐offspring trio GWAS data in COGA facilitates examination of the… |
| 30 | FROM GENE DISCOVERY TO POLYGENICITY: POLYGENIC AND WITHIN‐FAMILY APPROACHES TO ILLUMINATE MECHANISMS OF GENETIC RISK — Within‐family comparisons | Several studies document that the signals emerging from large‐scale genome‐wide association… |
| 31 | FROM GENE DISCOVERY TO POLYGENICITY: POLYGENIC AND WITHIN‐FAMILY APPROACHES TO ILLUMINATE MECHANISMS OF GENETIC RISK — Within‐family comparisons | polygenic analyses. Biological full siblings reared together share the same home environment and a… |
| 32 | FROM GENE DISCOVERY TO POLYGENICITY: POLYGENIC AND WITHIN‐FAMILY APPROACHES TO ILLUMINATE MECHANISMS OF GENETIC RISK — Pleiotropy | Alongside recognition that there is no “gene for” AUD, but rather many contributing genes and… |
| 33 | FUTURE DIRECTIONS | The COGA data also remain ripe for future studies aimed at illuminating the pathways from genotype… |
| 34 | FUTURE DIRECTIONS — Resilience and protective factors | While a high‐risk sample such as COGA can clearly contribute to characterizing genetic and… |
| 35 | FUTURE DIRECTIONS — Resilience and protective factors | use problems. In initial efforts to understand who has healthy outcomes despite high genetic risk,… |
| 36 | FUTURE DIRECTIONS — PheWAS | Phenome‐wide association studies (PheWAS), a reverse of the GWAS approach, examine the association… |
| 37 | FUTURE DIRECTIONS — PheWAS | from the UKBioBank 148 identified anxiety‐related phenotypes, including reduced risk‐taking… |
| 38 | FUTURE DIRECTIONS — Assortative mating, trigenerational analyses, and Mendelian randomization | One of the most important challenges to studies of the intergenerational transmission of alcoholism… |
| 39 | FUTURE DIRECTIONS — Assortative mating, trigenerational analyses, and Mendelian randomization | Assortative mating can also complicate trigenerational analyses by enriching a family for genetic… |
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In this knowledge base
| Title | Year | PMID |
|---|---|---|
| Alcohol use disorder is associated with altered frontomedial phase-amplitude coupling strength during resting state. | 2026 | 41657495 |
External
| Title | Authors | Journal | Year | Link |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Alcohol use disorder is associated with altered frontomedial phase-amplitude coupling strength during resting state. | Richard CD et al. | — | 2026 | → |
| Multivariate genetic analyses of 2.2 million individuals reveal broad and substance-specific pathways of addiction risk. | Poore HE et al. | — | 2026 | → |
| Perceived partner substance use, genetic predispositions, and their associations with problematic alcohol use, emotional well-being, and relationship quality. | Cooke ME et al. | — | 2026 | → |
| ADHD and Differences in Brain Function as Measured by EEG: Cause or Effect? | Ahn K et al. | — | 2025 | → |
| Childhood Trauma and<i>APOEε4</i>are Associated with Adolescent Brain Function, Posttraumatic Stress, and Alcohol-related Outcomes | Neale ZE et al. | — | 2025 | — |
| Clinical, Genomic, and Neurophysiological Correlates of Lifetime Suicide Attempts among Individuals with an Alcohol Use Disorder. | Barr PB et al. | — | 2025 | → |
| Pleiotropic Effects of <i>Grm7</i>/<i>GRM7</i> in Shaping Neurodevelopmental Pathways and the Neural Substrate of Complex Behaviors and Disorders. | Gyetvai BM et al. | — | 2025 | → |
| Whole Genome Sequencing of Pedigrees With High Density of Substance Use and Psychiatric Disorders: A Meeting Report. | Hill SY et al. | — | 2025 | → |
| A Developmentally-Informative Genome-wide Association Study of Alcohol Use Frequency. | Thomas NS et al. | — | 2024 | → |
| Alcohol milestones and internalizing, externalizing, and executive function: longitudinal and polygenic score associations. | Paul SE et al. | — | 2024 | → |
| Another Swim in the Extensive Pool of Zebrafish Research. | Marrs JA et al. | — | 2024 | → |
| Associations between alcohol use disorder polygenic score and remission in participants from high-risk families and the Indiana Biobank. | Lai D et al. | — | 2024 | → |
| DNA Sequence Variations Affecting Serotonin Transporter Transcriptional Regulation and Activity: Do They Impact Alcohol Addiction? | Ferraguti G et al. | — | 2024 | → |
| Inter- and transgenerational heritability of preconception chronic stress or alcohol exposure: Translational outcomes in brain and behavior. | Rice RC et al. | — | 2024 | → |
| Polygenic risk for alcohol use disorder affects cellular responses to ethanol exposure in a human microglial cell model. | Li X et al. | — | 2024 | → |
| Collaborative study on the genetics of alcoholism: The strength of collaboration, team science, and longitudinal data. | Ehringer MA | — | 2023 | → |
| The collaborative study on the genetics of alcoholism: Genetics. | Johnson EC et al. | — | 2023 | → |