Selective activation of cholinergic interneurons enhances accumbal phasic dopamine release: setting the tone for reward processing.

paper Cited Public

Authors: Cachope, Roger; Mateo, Yolanda; Mathur, Brian N; Irving, James; Wang, Hui-Ling; Morales, Marisela; Lovinger, David M; Cheer, Joseph F
Year: 2012
Journal: Cell reports
PMID: 22840394
DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2012.05.011
PMCID: PMC3408582

Figure 1

Selective optical stimulation of ChR2-expressing CINs elicits accumbal dopamine releaseA. Top: Trace from a whole-cell recording of a YFP positive neuron (putative CIN). YFP-positive neurons displayed spontaneous, tonic firing at a rate of ~10 Hz. Bottom: Under whole-cell voltage-clamp recording from a YFP-positive neuron, blue light exposure (100 msec, left or 4 msec, middle) induced a ChR2-mediated inward current. Under whole-cell current-clamp recordings of YFP-positive neurons, delivery of a blue light pulse (4 msec, right) induced firing of a single action potential.B. Image of eYFP-positive (green) cell bodies (arrowheads) counterstained for ChAT (red) and processes from the NAc of a ChAT-Cre mouse transfected with a ChR2-eYFP viral vector.C. Scheme of the recording arrangement from coronal NAc striatal slices. DA levels were measured by FSCV through a carbon fiber microelectrode (right) while performing electrical stimulation (left) and/or optical stimulation (blue circle) delivered by an optical fiber in apposition with the tissue.D. Concentration trace (top) and color plot (bottom) for DA release triggered by electrical stimulation of the NAc. Top: Representative trace shows concentration of DA (nM) over time in response to electrical stimulation (indicated by green line). Inset shows characteristic DA voltammogram. Bottom: Corresponding color plot depicts the voltammetric data with time on the X axis, applied scan potential (Eapp) on the Y axis and background-subtracted faradaic current shown on the z-axis in pseudocolor. DA can be identified by an oxidation peak (green) at +0.6V and a smaller reduction peak (yellow) at -0.2V.E. Concentration trace (top) and color plot (bottom) for DA release triggered by optical stimulation of CINs. Top: As in D, representative trace shows concentration of DA (nM) over time in response to optical stimulation (indicated by blue line) Inset shows characteristic DA voltammogram. Bottom: Corresponding color plot of voltammetric data.F. Bar graph represents peak values of accumbal DA release obtained by electrical and optical stimulation.G. Dispersion plot indicating peak values for all the experiments performed under electrical (green circles) and optical stimulation (blue circles).Error bars represent Standard Error of the Mean (SEM).

LLM interpretation

This figure consists of electrophysiological traces (A), a fluorescence microscopy image (B), a schematic of the experimental setup (C), and FSCV data including concentration traces and color plots (D, E). A bar graph (F) and a dispersion plot (G) compare peak dopamine (DA) release triggered by electrical stimulation (green) versus optical stimulation of ChR2-expressing CINs (blue). The data show that both stimulation methods elicit DA release, with electrical stimulation resulting in a higher mean peak concentration than optical stimulation.

Figure 2

Frequency-dependent response of DA release evoked by stimulation of CINsA. Average traces of DA levels evoked by paired pulses of optical stimulation of CINs delivered at 5, 10, 30 and 60 seconds intervals.B. Summary plot of DA peak amplitudes in response to paired pulse ratio stimulation of CINs.C. Top: Summary bar graph showing the average T80 decay values for DA release evoked by 5, 10, 30 Hz and single pulse stimulation. Bottom: Summary graph of peak values of DA release evoked by 5, 10, 30 Hz and single pulse stimulation.D. Average traces of DA levels triggered by different patterns of electrical stimulation, while sustained optical stimulation of CINs was being performedE. Representative traces from whole-cell recordings under current clamp of CIN neurons showing responsiveness to 10Hz optical stimulation.F. As in E., representative trace depicting CIN responsiveness to 30 Hz optical stimulation.Error shadows or bars represent SEM.

LLM interpretation

This figure consists of multiple panels analyzing dopamine (DA) release evoked by stimulation of CINs. Panel A shows average DA level traces at various interpulse intervals, while Panel B is a scatter plot showing a positive correlation between the interpulse interval (1–100 s) and the paired-pulse ratio (PPR). Panel C contains two bar graphs comparing $T_{80}$ decay values and peak DA concentrations across different stimulation frequencies (1P, 30Hz, 10Hz, 5Hz), with statistical significance indicated by asterisks. Panels D, E, and F provide representative DA release traces under different electrical stimulation patterns and whole-cell current clamp recordings of CIN neurons at 10Hz and 30Hz.

Figure 3

Modulation of DA levels evoked by endogenous cholinergic activityA. Concentration-response plot showing the effect of increasing concentrations of the nAChR antagonist mecamylamine on DA peak levels evoked by single pulses of optical stimulation. IC = 0.61 μM.B. Effect of the β2 subunit nAChR antagonist DHβE (1 μM) on DA levels evoked by single pulse (left) and train (right) optical stimulation of CINs.C. Trace of an EPSC from a medium spiny neuron (MSN) under voltage clamp, elicited by single pulse optical stimulation of CINs. Effect of NBQX (5 μM) on the MSN EPSC.D. Effect of the application of the AMPA receptor antagonist NBQX (5 μM) on DA levels evoked by single pulse optical stimulation of CINs.E. Summary bar graph showing the effect of the mAChR antagonist scopolamine (1 μM) on DA peak levels evoked by single pulse, 5Hz and 10Hz optical stimulation of CINs, compared to pretreatment.F. Representative traces of DA concentration transients triggered by single pulse, 5Hz and 10Hz optical stimulation of CINs in the presence of scopolamine, compared to pretreatment.Error shadows or bars represent SEM.

LLM interpretation

This figure consists of multiple panels analyzing dopamine (DA) release evoked by cholinergic interneuron (CIN) stimulation. Panel A shows a concentration-response curve where mecamylamine reduces DA release (IC = 0.61 μM), while panels B and D use line plots to show that DH$\beta$E and NBQX reduce DA transients. Panel C displays a voltage clamp trace and bar graph showing that NBQX significantly reduces EPSC amplitude (***p < 0.001). Panels E and F utilize a summary bar graph and representative traces to show that scopolamine increases DA peak levels during 5Hz and 10Hz stimulation compared to baseline (*p < 0.05).

Figure 4

In vivo selective stimulation of CINs evokes accumbal DA releaseA. Scheme depicting implantation of the optrode (optical fiber/carbon fiber arrangement) used to optically stimulate and record FSCV from a contiguous area in the NAc in vivo.B. Concentration trace for DA release triggered by a 7 seconds-long (20 Hz, 150 pulses, 10 mW) optical stimulation of the NAc. Representative trace shows concentration of DA (nM) over time in response to optical stimulation (indicated by blue line). Inset shows characteristic DA voltammogram.C. Corresponding color plot depicts the voltammetric data with time on the X axis, applied scan potential (Eapp) on the Y axis and background-subtracted faradaic current shown on the z-axis in pseudocolor.

LLM interpretation

This figure consists of a schematic and two data plots illustrating dopamine (DA) release in the nucleus accumbens (NAc). Panel A is a diagram showing the implantation of an optrode into the NAc of a brain. Panel B shows a concentration trace of DA ($\mu$M) over time, where a blue bar indicates a period of optical stimulation that triggers a peak in DA concentration, accompanied by a characteristic DA voltammogram inset. Panel C is a color plot (heat map) showing faradaic current (nA) as a function of time (X-axis) and applied scan potential (Y-axis).

#	Section	Preview
0	Introduction	The mesolimbic DA system, comprised mainly of the rostral dopaminergic projection from the ventral…
1	Introduction	Although cholinergic interneurons (CINs) are 2-5% of all striatal neurons, they establish an…
2	Introduction	However, the precise role that endogenous cholinergic activity exerts on DA release in the NAc has…
3	Results — Endogenous cholinergic activity elicits terminal dopamine release	Studies of nAChR dynamics (desensitization or antagonism) have long suggested that endogenous…
4	Results — Endogenous cholinergic activity elicits terminal dopamine release	First, we tested the functionality of CINs in our in vitro preparation by performing whole-cell…
5	Results — Endogenous cholinergic activity elicits terminal dopamine release	To verify if selective stimulation of CINs is sufficient to evoke accumbal DA release, optical…
6	Results — Frequency-dependence of cholinergic control of dopamine release	Because of cholinergic receptor agonists modulate the release of DA, we hypothesized that changes in…
7	Results — Frequency-dependence of cholinergic control of dopamine release	that when the conditions for endogenous ACh release are met, a frequency-dependent limiting factor…
8	Results — Frequency-dependence of cholinergic control of dopamine release	Application of nicotine acts as a “high-pass” filter facilitating burst release of DA (Exley and…
9	Results — Frequency-dependence of cholinergic control of dopamine release	< 0.0001, 74.1% at 100Hz, p > 0.05; n= 3-6) (Fig. 2D). Therefore, endogenous cholinergic activity…
10	Results — β2-containing nicotinic receptors mediate DA release evoked by endogenous cholinergic activity	nAChRs are involved in the presynaptic control of DA release in the striatum (Hersch et al., 1994;…
11	Results — β2-containing nicotinic receptors mediate DA release evoked by endogenous cholinergic activity	In mammals, combinations of nAChR subunits from subfamilies II (α7) and III (α2–α6, β2–β4)…
12	Results — Glutamate acting at AMPA receptors mediates DA release evoked by selective activation of CINs	Glutamate receptors also control DA release presynaptically (Desce et al., 1992; Krebs et al., 1991;…
13	Results — Glutamate acting at AMPA receptors mediates DA release evoked by selective activation of CINs	2 or 30 Hz; see supplemental material). Bath application of the AMPA receptor antagonist NBQX (5…
14	Results — mAChR receptor activation modulates cholinergic-driven release of dopamine	mAChRs are also present in the striatum (Hersch et al., 1994) and the mAChR agonist oxotremorine…
15	Results — mAChR receptor activation modulates cholinergic-driven release of dopamine	To identify the role of mAChRs on DA release evoked by endogenous cholinergic activity, we next…
16	Results — In vivo selective stimulation of accumbal cholinergic interneurons induces dopamine release	The present results suggest that termino-terminal endogenous cholinergic activity controls DA…
17	Discussion	Cholinergic receptor activation potently controls striatal levels of DA, a neuromodulator crucial…
18	Discussion	We show that selective optogenetic stimulation of CINs evokes DA release in a β2-containing…
19	Discussion	Study of frequency-dependent relations between CIN stimulation and DA levels showed a clear…

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Distributed dopaminergic signaling in the basal ganglia and its relationship to motor disability in Parkinson's disease.	Zhai S et al.	—	2023	→
Dopamine and glutamate regulate striatal acetylcholine in decision-making.	Chantranupong L et al.	—	2023	→
Dopamine D2 receptors in nucleus accumbens cholinergic interneurons increase impulsive choice.	Cavallaro J et al.	—	2023	→
Drug reinforcement impairs cognitive flexibility by inhibiting striatal cholinergic neurons.	Gangal H et al.	—	2023	→
Functional architecture of dopamine neurons driving fear extinction learning.	Salinas-Hernández XI et al.	—	2023	→
Gestational ethanol exposure impairs motor skills in female mice through dysregulated striatal dopamine and acetylcholine function.	Bariselli S et al.	—	2023	→
Hypocretin / Orexin Receptor 1 Knockdown in GABA or Dopamine Neurons in the Ventral Tegmental Area Differentially Impact Mesolimbic Dopamine and Motivation for Cocaine.	Black EM et al.	—	2023	→
Individual differences in response to alcohol and nicotine in zebrafish: Gene expression and behavior.	Araujo-Silva H et al.	—	2023	→
Intrinsic dopamine and acetylcholine dynamics in the striatum of mice.	Krok AC et al.	—	2023	→
Loss of cannabinoid receptor 2 promotes α-Synuclein-induced microglial synaptic pruning in nucleus accumbens by modulating the pCREB-c-Fos signaling pathway and complement system.	Feng L et al.	—	2023	→
Metabolic hormone action in the VTA: Reward-directed behavior and mechanistic insights.	Geisler CE et al.	—	2023	→
Modulation of neuronal excitability by binge alcohol drinking.	Gimenez-Gomez P et al.	—	2023	→
Nucleus accumbens core acetylcholine receptors modulate the balance of flexible and inflexible cue-directed motivation.	Townsend ES et al.	—	2023	→
Nucleus accumbens local circuit for cue-dependent aversive learning.	Belilos A et al.	—	2023	→
Omega 3 fatty acid improves sexual and erectile function in BPF-treated rats by upregulating NO/cGMP signaling and steroidogenic enzymes activities.	Odetayo AF et al.	—	2023	→
Presynaptic adenosine receptor heteromers as key modulators of glutamatergic and dopaminergic neurotransmission in the striatum.	Ferré S et al.	—	2023	→
Regulation of ethanol-mediated dopamine elevation by glycine receptors located on cholinergic interneurons in the nucleus accumbens.	Loftén A et al.	—	2023	→
Slow-rising and fast-falling dopaminergic dynamics jointly adjust negative prediction error in the ventral striatum.	Shikano Y et al.	—	2023	→
Synaptic and circuit functions of multitransmitter neurons in the mammalian brain.	Wallace ML et al.	—	2023	→
The dopamine neuron synaptic map in the striatum.	Chuhma N et al.	—	2023	→
Unique functional responses differentially map onto genetic subtypes of dopamine neurons.	Azcorra M et al.	—	2023	→
Unraveling the dynamics of dopamine release and its actions on target cells.	Sippy T et al.	—	2023	→
Ventral tegmental area glutamate neurons establish a mu-opioid receptor gated circuit to mesolimbic dopamine neurons and regulate opioid-seeking behavior.	McGovern DJ et al.	—	2023	→
Abnormal maternal behavior in mice lacking phospholipase Cβ1.	Kim HJ et al.	—	2022	→
An action potential initiation mechanism in distal axons for the control of dopamine release.	Liu C et al.	—	2022	→
An inhibitory brainstem input to dopamine neurons encodes nicotine aversion.	Liu C et al.	—	2022	→
Applying a Fast-Scan Cyclic Voltammetry to Explore Dopamine Dynamics in Animal Models of Neuropsychiatric Disorders.	Grinevich VP et al.	—	2022	→
A tonic nicotinic brake controls spike timing in striatal spiny projection neurons.	Matityahu L et al.	—	2022	→
Binge alcohol drinking alters the differential control of cholinergic interneurons over nucleus accumbens D1 and D2 medium spiny neurons.	Kolpakova J et al.	—	2022	→
Cannabis exposure during adolescence: A uniquely sensitive period for neurobiological effects.	Peters KZ et al.	—	2022	→
Chemogenetic activation of VGLUT3-expressing neurons decreases movement.	Kljakic O et al.	—	2022	→
Cholinergic and dopaminergic-mediated motivated behavior in healthy states and in substance use and mood disorders.	Nunes EJ et al.	—	2022	→
Cholinergic interneurons mediate cocaine extinction in male mice through plasticity across medium spiny neuron subtypes.	Fleming W et al.	—	2022	→
Chronic Ethanol Consumption Alters Presynaptic Regulation of Dorsal Striatal Dopamine Release in C57BL/6J Mice.	Salinas AG et al.	—	2022	→
Chronic Loss of Muscarinic M5 Receptor Function Manifests Disparate Impairments in Exploratory Behavior in Male and Female Mice despite Common Dopamine Regulation.	Razidlo JA et al.	—	2022	→
Clinical Effectiveness of Muscarinic Receptor-Targeted Interventions in Neuropsychiatric Disorders: A Systematic Review.	Vaidya S et al.	—	2022	→
Coincidence of cholinergic pauses, dopaminergic activation and depolarisation of spiny projection neurons drives synaptic plasticity in the striatum.	Reynolds JNJ et al.	—	2022	→
Continuous but not intermittent theta burst stimulation decreases striatal dopamine release and cortical excitability.	Aceves-Serrano L et al.	—	2022	→
Continuous cholinergic-dopaminergic updating in the nucleus accumbens underlies approaches to reward-predicting cues.	Skirzewski M et al.	—	2022	→
Diurnal rhythms in cholinergic modulation of rapid dopamine signals and associative learning in the striatum.	Stowe TA et al.	—	2022	→
Dopamine D2 receptors modulate the cholinergic pause and inhibitory learning.	Gallo EF et al.	—	2022	→
Dopamine D2Rs coordinate cue-evoked changes in striatal acetylcholine levels.	Martyniuk KM et al.	—	2022	→
Epac2 in midbrain dopamine neurons contributes to cocaine reinforcement via enhancement of dopamine release.	Liu X et al.	—	2022	→
Fast synaptic-like axo-axonal transmission from striatal cholinergic interneurons onto dopaminergic fibers	Kramer PF et al.	—	2022	—
Functional dissociation of behavioral effects from acetylcholine and glutamate released from cholinergic striatal interneurons.	Kljakic O et al.	—	2022	→
Hippocampal-evoked inhibition of cholinergic interneurons in the nucleus accumbens.	Baimel C et al.	—	2022	→
Influence of Nicotine from Diverse Delivery Tools on the Autonomic Nervous and Hormonal Systems.	Menshov VA et al.	—	2022	→
Leptin Promotes Striatal Dopamine Release via Cholinergic Interneurons and Regionally Distinct Signaling Pathways.	Mancini M et al.	—	2022	→
Local modulation by presynaptic receptors controls neuronal communication and behaviour.	Lovinger DM et al.	—	2022	→
Molecular and functional architecture of striatal dopamine release sites.	Banerjee A et al.	—	2022	→
Neurobiological Mechanisms of Nicotine Reward and Aversion.	Wills L et al.	—	2022	→
Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors Expressed by Striatal Interneurons Inhibit Striatal Activity and Control Striatal-Dependent Behaviors.	Abbondanza A et al.	—	2022	→
Planar cell polarity and the pathogenesis of Tourette Disorder: New hypotheses and perspectives.	Wu J et al.	—	2022	→
Protein composition of axonal dopamine release sites in the striatum.	Kershberg L et al.	—	2022	→
Regional and sex differences in spontaneous striatal dopamine transmission.	Brundage JN et al.	—	2022	→
Rethinking the Architecture of Attachment: New Insights into the Role for Oxytocin Signaling.	Berendzen KM et al.	—	2022	→
Role of the striatal dopamine, GABA and opioid systems in mediating feeding and fat intake.	Joshi A et al.	—	2022	→
Striatal Cholinergic Signaling in Time and Space.	Nosaka D et al.	—	2022	→
Synaptic-like axo-axonal transmission from striatal cholinergic interneurons onto dopaminergic fibers.	Kramer PF et al.	—	2022	→
The nucleus accumbens dopamine increase, typically triggered by sexual stimuli in male rats, is no longer produced when animals are sexually inhibited due to sexual satiety.	Canseco-Alba A et al.	—	2022	→
The role of dopamine and endocannabinoid systems in prefrontal cortex development: Adolescence as a critical period.	Peters KZ et al.	—	2022	→
The role of the SLC6A3 3' UTR VNTR in nicotine effects on cognitive, affective, and motor function.	Schröder R et al.	—	2022	→
Transcriptomics of Parental Care in the Hypothalamic-Septal Region of Female Zebra Finch Brain.	Kumari R et al.	—	2022	→
Voluntary Exercise Boosts Striatal Dopamine Release: Evidence for the Necessary and Sufficient Role of BDNF.	Bastioli G et al.	—	2022	→
α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor modulation of accumbal dopamine release covaries with novelty seeking.	Leach AC et al.	—	2022	→
A Brain on Cannabinoids: The Role of Dopamine Release in Reward Seeking and Addiction.	Peters KZ et al.	—	2021	→
Accumbens Cholinergic Interneurons Mediate Cue-Induced Nicotine Seeking and Associated Glutamatergic Plasticity.	Leyrer-Jackson JM et al.	—	2021	→
Addiction-related neuroadaptations following chronic nicotine exposure.	Wills L et al.	—	2021	→
An acetylcholine-dopamine interaction in the nucleus accumbens and its involvement in ethanol's dopamine-releasing effect.	Loftén A et al.	—	2021	→
Axo-axonic synapses: Diversity in neural circuit function.	Cover KK et al.	—	2021	→
Cannabinoid Modulation of Dopamine Release During Motivation, Periodic Reinforcement, Exploratory Behavior, Habit Formation, and Attention.	Oleson EB et al.	—	2021	→
Cell-type-specific disruption of PERK-eIF2α signaling in dopaminergic neurons alters motor and cognitive function.	Longo F et al.	—	2021	→
Coordinated Postnatal Maturation of Striatal Cholinergic Interneurons and Dopamine Release Dynamics in Mice.	McGuirt AF et al.	—	2021	→
Distracting stimuli evoke ventral tegmental area responses in rats during ongoing saccharin consumption.	Peters KZ et al.	—	2021	→
Dopamine Neurons That Cotransmit Glutamate, From Synapses to Circuits to Behavior.	Eskenazi D et al.	—	2021	→
Endocannabinoid modulation of dopamine release during reward seeking, interval timing, and avoidance.	Everett TJ et al.	—	2021	→
Enhanced heroin self-administration and distinct dopamine adaptations in female rats.	George BE et al.	—	2021	→
Functional independence of endogenous μ- and δ-opioid receptors co-expressed in cholinergic interneurons.	Arttamangkul S et al.	—	2021	→
Gap Junctions Between Striatal D1 Neurons and Cholinergic Interneurons.	Ren Y et al.	—	2021	→
How predictive learning influences choice: Evidence for a GPCR-based memory process necessary for Pavlovian-instrumental transfer.	Laurent V et al.	—	2021	→
Leveraging VGLUT3 Functions to Untangle Brain Dysfunctions.	Favier M et al.	—	2021	→
Long-term alcohol consumption alters dorsal striatal dopamine release and regulation by D2 dopamine receptors in rhesus macaques.	Salinas AG et al.	—	2021	→
Long-Term Depression of Striatal DA Release Induced by mGluRs <i>via</i> Sustained Hyperactivity of Local Cholinergic Interneurons.	Mercuri NB et al.	—	2021	→
Loss of nigral excitation of cholinergic interneurons contributes to parkinsonian motor impairments.	Cai Y et al.	—	2021	→
Modulating the Neuromodulators: Dopamine, Serotonin, and the Endocannabinoid System.	Peters KZ et al.	—	2021	→
Neurotransmitters, Cell Types, and Circuit Mechanisms of Motor Skill Learning and Clinical Applications.	Tian W et al.	—	2021	→
Prenatal THC Does Not Affect Female Mesolimbic Dopaminergic System in Preadolescent Rats.	Traccis F et al.	—	2021	→
Recurrent Implication of Striatal Cholinergic Interneurons in a Range of Neurodevelopmental, Neurodegenerative, and Neuropsychiatric Disorders.	Poppi LA et al.	—	2021	→
Roles of dopamine and glutamate co-release in the nucleus accumbens in mediating the actions of drugs of abuse.	Buck SA et al.	—	2021	→
Rostral Intralaminar Thalamus Engagement in Cognition and Behavior.	Cover KK et al.	—	2021	→
Spatially restricted inhibition of cholinergic interneurons in the dorsolateral striatum encourages behavioral exploration.	Amaya KA et al.	—	2021	→
Striatal cholinergic transmission. Focus on nicotinic receptors' influence in striatal circuits.	Assous M	—	2021	→
Striatal Dopamine Transporter Function Is Facilitated by Converging Biology of α-Synuclein and Cholesterol.	Threlfell S et al.	—	2021	→
Striatal low-threshold spiking interneurons locally gate dopamine.	Holly EN et al.	—	2021	→
Striatonigrostriatal Spirals in Addiction.	Sivils A et al.	—	2021	→
The functional role of sequentially neuromodulated synaptic plasticity in behavioural learning.	Ang GWY et al.	—	2021	→
Understanding the Effects of Antipsychotics on Appetite Control.	Mukherjee S et al.	—	2021	→
Ventral tegmental area GABAergic inhibition of cholinergic interneurons in the ventral nucleus accumbens shell promotes reward reinforcement.	Al-Hasani R et al.	—	2021	→
Wave-like dopamine dynamics as a mechanism for spatiotemporal credit assignment.	Hamid AA et al.	—	2021	→
What's wrong with the striatal cholinergic interneurons in Parkinson's disease? Focus on intrinsic excitability.	Tubert C et al.	—	2021	→
A free-choice high-fat diet modulates the effects of a sucrose bolus on the expression of genes involved in glucose handling in the hypothalamus and nucleus accumbens.	Koekkoek LL et al.	—	2020	→
A method for recording the two phases of dopamine release in mammalian brain striatum slices.	Jiao R et al.	—	2020	→
A Unified Framework for Dopamine Signals across Timescales.	Kim HR et al.	—	2020	→
Axonal mechanisms mediating γ-aminobutyric acid receptor type A (GABA-A) inhibition of striatal dopamine release.	Kramer PF et al.	—	2020	→
Basal Ganglia-A Motion Perspective.	Grillner S et al.	—	2020	→
Basolateral Amygdala Drives a GPCR-Mediated Striatal Memory Necessary for Predictive Learning to Influence Choice.	Morse AK et al.	—	2020	→
Cholinergic midbrain afferents modulate striatal circuits and shape encoding of action strategies.	Dautan D et al.	—	2020	→
Differential Modulation of Ventral Tegmental Area Circuits by the Nociceptin/Orphanin FQ System.	Driscoll JR et al.	—	2020	→
Direct dopamine terminal regulation by local striatal microcircuitry.	Nolan SO et al.	—	2020	→
Dopamine D2 autoreceptor interactome: Targeting the receptor complex as a strategy for treatment of substance use disorder.	Chen R et al.	—	2020	→
From the Gut to the Brain and Back: Therapeutic Approaches for the Treatment of Network Dysfunction in Parkinson's Disease.	Paolone G	—	2020	→
High density carbon fiber arrays for chronic electrophysiology, fast scan cyclic voltammetry, and correlative anatomy.	Patel PR et al.	—	2020	→
Neurochemical organization of the ventral striatum's olfactory tubercle.	Cansler HL et al.	—	2020	→
Neurons of the Ventral Tegmental Area Encode Individual Differences in Motivational "Wanting" for Reward Cues.	Ferguson LM et al.	—	2020	→
Phasic Dopamine Release Magnitude Tracks Individual Differences in Sensitization of Locomotor Response following a History of Nicotine Exposure.	Fennell AM et al.	—	2020	→
Polysynaptic inhibition between striatal cholinergic interneurons shapes their network activity patterns in a dopamine-dependent manner.	Dorst MC et al.	—	2020	→
Prefrontal Cortex-Driven Dopamine Signals in the Striatum Show Unique Spatial and Pharmacological Properties.	Adrover MF et al.	—	2020	→
Striatal dopaminergic dysregulation and dystonia-like movements induced by sensorimotor stress in a pharmacological mouse model of rapid-onset dystonia-parkinsonism.	Rauschenberger L et al.	—	2020	→
Synapse-specific expression of mu opioid receptor long-term depression in the dorsomedial striatum.	Muñoz B et al.	—	2020	→
Targeting the cholinergic system in Parkinson's disease.	Liu C	—	2020	→
Aberrant features of in vivo striatal dynamics in Parkinson's disease.	Lee K et al.	—	2019	→
Activation of the Rostral Intralaminar Thalamus Drives Reinforcement through Striatal Dopamine Release.	Cover KK et al.	—	2019	→
Activity Patterns in the Neuropil of Striatal Cholinergic Interneurons in Freely Moving Mice Represent Their Collective Spiking Dynamics.	Rehani R et al.	—	2019	→
Allostatic Changes in the cAMP System Drive Opioid-Induced Adaptation in Striatal Dopamine Signaling.	Muntean BS et al.	—	2019	→
A Motivational and Neuropeptidergic Hub: Anatomical and Functional Diversity within the Nucleus Accumbens Shell.	Castro DC et al.	—	2019	→
Central GLP-1 receptors: Novel molecular targets for cocaine use disorder.	Hernandez NS et al.	—	2019	→
Cholinergic control of striatal neurons to modulate L-dopa-induced dyskinesias.	Bordia T et al.	—	2019	→
Cholinergic modulation of striatal microcircuits.	Abudukeyoumu N et al.	—	2019	→
Cholinergic system in sleep regulation of emotion and motivation.	Mu P et al.	—	2019	→
Cholinergic Transmission at Muscarinic Synapses in the Striatum Is Driven Equally by Cortical and Thalamic Inputs.	Mamaligas AA et al.	—	2019	→
Chronic treatment with N-acetylcysteine decreases extinction responding and reduces cue-induced nicotine-seeking.	Powell GL et al.	—	2019	→
Closing in on what motivates motivation.	Rice ME	—	2019	→
Contribution of cholinergic interneurons to striatal pathophysiology in Parkinson's disease.	Ztaou S et al.	—	2019	→
Disentangling the diverse roles of dopamine D2 receptors in striatal function and behavior.	Gallo EF	—	2019	→
Dissociable dopamine dynamics for learning and motivation.	Mohebi A et al.	—	2019	→
Dopamine-glutamate neuron projections to the nucleus accumbens medial shell and behavioral switching.	Mingote S et al.	—	2019	→
Dopaminergic cellular and circuit contributions to kappa opioid receptor mediated aversion.	Margolis EB et al.	—	2019	→
Dopaminergic regulation of vocal-motor plasticity and performance.	Woolley SC	—	2019	→
Dopamine tunes prefrontal outputs to orchestrate aversive processing.	Weele CMV et al.	—	2019	→
Dynorphin/kappa-opioid receptor control of dopamine dynamics: Implications for negative affective states and psychiatric disorders.	Tejeda HA et al.	—	2019	→
Genome-wide association study implicates CHRNA2 in cannabis use disorder.	Demontis D et al.	—	2019	→
High-Frequency Activation of Nucleus Accumbens D1-MSNs Drives Excitatory Potentiation on D2-MSNs.	Francis TC et al.	—	2019	→
Interactions between insulin and diet on striatal dopamine uptake kinetics in rodent brain slices.	Patel JC et al.	—	2019	→
Local μ-Opioid Receptor Antagonism Blunts Evoked Phasic Dopamine Release in the Nucleus Accumbens of Rats.	Gómez-A A et al.	—	2019	→
Neurocircuitry of Reward and Addiction: Potential Impact of Dopamine-Glutamate Co-release as Future Target in Substance Use Disorder.	Bimpisidis Z et al.	—	2019	→
Nucleus Accumbens Cholinergic Interneurons Oppose Cue-Motivated Behavior.	Collins AL et al.	—	2019	→
Orexin type-2 receptor blockade prevents the nicotine-induced excitation of nucleus accumbens core neurons in rats: An electrophysiological perspective.	Fartootzadeh R et al.	—	2019	→
Persistent Alterations of Accumbal Cholinergic Interneurons and Cognitive Dysfunction after Adolescent Intermittent Ethanol Exposure.	Galaj E et al.	—	2019	→
Relative contributions and mapping of ventral tegmental area dopamine and GABA neurons by projection target in the rat.	Breton JM et al.	—	2019	→
Striatal Cholinergic Interneurons Are a Novel Target of Corticotropin Releasing Factor.	Lemos JC et al.	—	2019	→
Striatal circuits for reward learning and decision-making.	Cox J et al.	—	2019	→
Temporal Coding of Reward Value in Monkey Ventral Striatal Tonically Active Neurons.	Falcone R et al.	—	2019	→
The Functional Role of Striatal Cholinergic Interneurons in Reinforcement Learning From Computational Perspective.	Kim T et al.	—	2019	→
The molecular and cellular mechanisms of depression: a focus on reward circuitry.	Fox ME et al.	—	2019	→
The Role of BTBD9 in Striatum and Restless Legs Syndrome.	Lyu S et al.	—	2019	→
The role of the neuropeptide PEN receptor, GPR83, in the reward pathway: Relationship to sex-differences.	Fakira AK et al.	—	2019	→
Unique contributions of parvalbumin and cholinergic interneurons in organizing striatal networks during movement.	Gritton HJ et al.	—	2019	→
VGLUT3 gates psychomotor effects induced by amphetamine.	Mansouri-Guilani N et al.	—	2019	→
Alcohol exposure disrupts mu opioid receptor-mediated long-term depression at insular cortex inputs to dorsolateral striatum.	Muñoz B et al.	—	2018	→
Behavioral and neurochemical responses derived from dopaminergic intrastriatal grafts in hemiparkinsonian rats engaged in a novel motor task.	Bhupal PK et al.	—	2018	→
Belief state representation in the dopamine system.	Babayan BM et al.	—	2018	→
Cannabinoid receptor-1 signaling contributions to sign-tracking and conditioned reinforcement in rats.	Bacharach SZ et al.	—	2018	→
Dissociable roles of the nucleus accumbens D1 and D2 receptors in regulating cue-elicited approach-avoidance conflict decision-making.	Nguyen D et al.	—	2018	→
Dopamine Cells Differentially Regulate Striatal Cholinergic Transmission across Regions through Corelease of Dopamine and Glutamate.	Cai Y et al.	—	2018	→
Evoked transients of pH-sensitive fluorescent false neurotransmitter reveal dopamine hot spots in the globus pallidus.	Meszaros J et al.	—	2018	→
Heterogeneous dopamine signals support distinct features of motivated actions: implications for learning and addiction.	Saddoris MP et al.	—	2018	→
Metaplasticity at the addicted tetrapartite synapse: A common denominator of drug induced adaptations and potential treatment target for addiction.	Neuhofer D et al.	—	2018	→
Muscarinic M4 Receptors on Cholinergic and Dopamine D1 Receptor-Expressing Neurons Have Opposing Functionality for Positive Reinforcement and Influence Impulsivity.	Klawonn AM et al.	—	2018	→
Neuronal mechanisms mediating pathological reward-related behaviors: A focus on silent synapses in the nucleus accumbens.	McDevitt DS et al.	—	2018	→
Nucleus Accumbens Microcircuit Underlying D2-MSN-Driven Increase in Motivation.	Soares-Cunha C et al.	—	2018	→
Parallels and Overlap: The Integration of Homeostatic Signals by Mesolimbic Dopamine Neurons.	Hsu TM et al.	—	2018	→
Pauses in Cholinergic Interneuron Activity Are Driven by Excitatory Input and Delayed Rectification, with Dopamine Modulation.	Zhang YF et al.	—	2018	→
Striatal cholinergic interneurons and Parkinson's disease.	Tanimura A et al.	—	2018	→
Targeted Activation of Cholinergic Interneurons Accounts for the Modulation of Dopamine by Striatal Nicotinic Receptors.	Brimblecombe KR et al.	—	2018	→
The striatal cholinergic system in L-dopa-induced dyskinesias.	Perez XA et al.	—	2018	→
What does dopamine mean?	Berke JD	—	2018	→
Accumbal Cholinergic Interneurons Differentially Influence Motivation Related to Satiety Signaling.	Aitta-Aho T et al.	—	2017	→
Acute Ethanol Administration Upregulates Synaptic α4-Subunit of Neuronal Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors within the Nucleus Accumbens and Amygdala.	Tarren JR et al.	—	2017	→
A Feedforward Inhibitory Circuit Mediated by CB1-Expressing Fast-Spiking Interneurons in the Nucleus Accumbens.	Wright WJ et al.	—	2017	→
Alterations in Striatal Circuits Underlying Addiction-Like Behaviors.	Kim HJ et al.	—	2017	→
Characterization of Optically and Electrically Evoked Dopamine Release in Striatal Slices from Digenic Knock-in Mice with DAT-Driven Expression of Channelrhodopsin.	O'Neill B et al.	—	2017	→
Cholinergic/glutamatergic co-transmission in striatal cholinergic interneurons: new mechanisms regulating striatal computation.	Kljakic O et al.	—	2017	→
Cholinergic Interneurons Underlie Spontaneous Dopamine Release in Nucleus Accumbens.	Yorgason JT et al.	—	2017	→
Chronic ethanol exposure increases inhibition of optically targeted phasic dopamine release in the nucleus accumbens core and medial shell ex vivo.	Melchior JR et al.	—	2017	→
Contrasting Regulation of Catecholamine Neurotransmission in the Behaving Brain: Pharmacological Insights from an Electrochemical Perspective.	Fox ME et al.	—	2017	→
Differences between Dorsal and Ventral Striatum in the Sensitivity of Tonically Active Neurons to Rewarding Events.	Marche K et al.	—	2017	→
Distinctive Modulation of Dopamine Release in the Nucleus Accumbens Shell Mediated by Dopamine and Acetylcholine Receptors.	Shin JH et al.	—	2017	→
Down-regulation of cholinergic signaling in the habenula induces anhedonia-like behavior.	Han S et al.	—	2017	→
Dynamic Nigrostriatal Dopamine Biases Action Selection.	Howard CD et al.	—	2017	→
Effects of muscarinic receptor antagonists on cocaine discrimination in wild-type mice and in muscarinic receptor M<sub>1</sub>, M<sub>2</sub>, and M<sub>4</sub> receptor knockout mice.	Joseph L et al.	—	2017	→
Endocannabinoid Actions on Cortical Terminals Orchestrate Local Modulation of Dopamine Release in the Nucleus Accumbens.	Mateo Y et al.	—	2017	→
Endocannabinoid modulation of dopamine neurotransmission.	Covey DP et al.	—	2017	→
Evaluation of AZD1446 as a Therapeutic in DYT1 Dystonia.	Zimmerman CN et al.	—	2017	→
Glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta alters anxiety-, depression-, and addiction-related behaviors and neuronal activity in the nucleus accumbens shell.	Crofton EJ et al.	—	2017	→
Heterogeneity in Dopamine Neuron Synaptic Actions Across the Striatum and Its Relevance for Schizophrenia.	Chuhma N et al.	—	2017	→
Inducible ablation of dopamine D2 receptors in adult mice impairs locomotion, motor skill learning and leads to severe parkinsonism.	Bello EP et al.	—	2017	→
Long-term plasticity of corticostriatal synapses is modulated by pathway-specific co-release of opioids through κ-opioid receptors.	Hawes SL et al.	—	2017	→
Metabotropic glutamate receptor 2 inhibits thalamically-driven glutamate and dopamine release in the dorsal striatum.	Johnson KA et al.	—	2017	→
Pauses in Striatal Cholinergic Interneurons: What is Revealed by Their Common Themes and Variations?	Zhang YF et al.	—	2017	→
[Possible involvement of neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in compensatory brain mechanisms at early stages of Parkinson's disease].	Kryukova EV et al.	—	2017	→
Reduction of smoking urges with intranasal insulin: a randomized, crossover, placebo-controlled clinical trial.	Hamidovic A et al.	—	2017	→
Restructuring of basal ganglia circuitry and associated behaviors triggered by low striatal D2 receptor expression: implications for substance use disorders.	Dobbs LK et al.	—	2017	→
Striatal Cholinergic Interneurons Modulate Spike-Timing in Striosomes and Matrix by an Amphetamine-Sensitive Mechanism.	Crittenden JR et al.	—	2017	→
Striatal Local Circuitry: A New Framework for Lateral Inhibition.	Burke DA et al.	—	2017	→
The role of the intrinsic cholinergic system of the striatum: What have we learned from TAN recordings in behaving animals?	Apicella P	—	2017	→
The Striosome and Matrix Compartments of the Striatum: A Path through the Labyrinth from Neurochemistry toward Function.	Brimblecombe KR et al.	—	2017	→
Varenicline Reduces Context-Induced Relapse to Alcohol-Seeking through Actions in the Nucleus Accumbens.	Lacroix F et al.	—	2017	→
α6β2 subunit containing nicotinic acetylcholine receptors exert opposing actions on rapid dopamine signaling in the nucleus accumbens of rats with high-versus low-response to novelty.	Siciliano CA et al.	—	2017	→
Activation of D2 dopamine receptor-expressing neurons in the nucleus accumbens increases motivation.	Soares-Cunha C et al.	—	2016	→
Alpha-Synuclein Produces Early Behavioral Alterations via Striatal Cholinergic Synaptic Dysfunction by Interacting With GluN2D N-Methyl-D-Aspartate Receptor Subunit.	Tozzi A et al.	—	2016	→
A threshold model for opposing actions of acetylcholine on reward behavior: Molecular mechanisms and implications for treatment of substance abuse disorders.	Grasing K	—	2016	→
Chronic Nicotine Mitigates Aberrant Inhibitory Motor Learning Induced by Motor Experience under Dopamine Deficiency.	Koranda JL et al.	—	2016	→
Cortical Control of Striatal Dopamine Transmission via Striatal Cholinergic Interneurons.	Kosillo P et al.	—	2016	→
Detection of evoked acetylcholine release in mouse brain slices.	Asri R et al.	—	2016	→
Dopamine dynamics and cocaine sensitivity differ between striosome and matrix compartments of the striatum.	Salinas AG et al.	—	2016	→
Dynamic mesolimbic dopamine signaling during action sequence learning and expectation violation.	Collins AL et al.	—	2016	→
Frequency-Dependent Modulation of Dopamine Release by Nicotine and Dopamine D1 Receptor Ligands: An In Vitro Fast Cyclic Voltammetry Study in Rat Striatum.	Goutier W et al.	—	2016	→
Involvement of Striatal Cholinergic Interneurons and M1 and M4 Muscarinic Receptors in Motor Symptoms of Parkinson's Disease.	Ztaou S et al.	—	2016	→
Linking Cholinergic Interneurons, Synaptic Plasticity, and Behavior during the Extinction of a Cocaine-Context Association.	Lee J et al.	—	2016	→
Modulatory compartments in cortex and local regulation of cholinergic tone.	Coppola JJ et al.	—	2016	→
Muscarinic, nicotinic and GABAergic receptor signaling differentially mediate fat-conditioned flavor preferences in rats.	Rotella FM et al.	—	2016	→
Neostriatal GABAergic Interneurons Mediate Cholinergic Inhibition of Spiny Projection Neurons.	Faust TW et al.	—	2016	→
New Pharmacological Approaches to Treating Non-Motor Symptoms of Parkinson's Disease.	Kelberman MA et al.	—	2016	→
Nicotinic and opioid receptor regulation of striatal dopamine D2-receptor mediated transmission.	Mamaligas AA et al.	—	2016	→
Nucleus Accumbens Acetylcholine Receptors Modulate Dopamine and Motivation.	Collins AL et al.	—	2016	→
Optogenetic activation of striatal cholinergic interneurons regulates L-dopa-induced dyskinesias.	Bordia T et al.	—	2016	→
Parkinsonism Driven by Antipsychotics Originates from Dopaminergic Control of Striatal Cholinergic Interneurons.	Kharkwal G et al.	—	2016	→
Reappraising striatal D1- and D2-neurons in reward and aversion.	Soares-Cunha C et al.	—	2016	→
Role of the atypical vesicular glutamate transporter VGLUT3 in l-DOPA-induced dyskinesia.	Gangarossa G et al.	—	2016	→
Spontaneous Synaptic Activation of Muscarinic Receptors by Striatal Cholinergic Neuron Firing.	Mamaligas AA et al.	—	2016	→
Striatal cholinergic interneurons and D2 receptor-expressing GABAergic medium spiny neurons regulate tardive dyskinesia.	Bordia T et al.	—	2016	→
Striatal dopamine neurotransmission: regulation of release and uptake.	Sulzer D et al.	—	2016	→
Temporal correlations among functionally specialized striatal neural ensembles in reward-conditioned mice.	Bakhurin KI et al.	—	2016	→
VTA glutamatergic inputs to nucleus accumbens drive aversion by acting on GABAergic interneurons.	Qi J et al.	—	2016	→
A cholinergic feedback circuit to regulate striatal population uncertainty and optimize reinforcement learning.	Franklin NT et al.	—	2015	→
Checks and balances on cholinergic signaling in brain and body function.	Soreq H	—	2015	→
Cholinergic interneurons in the dorsal and ventral striatum: anatomical and functional considerations in normal and diseased conditions.	Gonzales KK et al.	—	2015	→
Cholinergic modulation of dopamine pathways through nicotinic acetylcholine receptors.	de Kloet SF et al.	—	2015	→
Cortico-striatal circuits: Novel therapeutic targets for substance use disorders.	Kravitz AV et al.	—	2015	→
Dopaminergic and cholinergic modulation of striatal tyrosine hydroxylase interneurons.	Ibáñez-Sandoval O et al.	—	2015	→
Dopaminergic Regulation of Striatal Interneurons in Reward and Addiction: Focus on Alcohol.	Clarke R et al.	—	2015	→
Insulin enhances striatal dopamine release by activating cholinergic interneurons and thereby signals reward.	Stouffer MA et al.	—	2015	→
Loss of feedback inhibition via D2 autoreceptors enhances acquisition of cocaine taking and reactivity to drug-paired cues.	Holroyd KB et al.	—	2015	→
Loss of VGLUT3 Produces Circadian-Dependent Hyperdopaminergia and Ameliorates Motor Dysfunction and l-Dopa-Mediated Dyskinesias in a Model of Parkinson's Disease.	Divito CB et al.	—	2015	→
Muscarinic and nicotinic cholinergic receptor antagonists differentially mediate acquisition of fructose-conditioned flavor preference and quinine-conditioned flavor avoidance in rats.	Rotella FM et al.	—	2015	→
Muscarinic regulation of dopamine and glutamate transmission in the nucleus accumbens.	Shin JH et al.	—	2015	→
Ni(2+) affects dopamine uptake which limits suitability as inhibitor of T-type voltage-gated Ca(2+) channels.	Brimblecombe KR et al.	—	2015	→
Nicotinic, glutamatergic and dopaminergic synaptic transmission and plasticity in the mesocorticolimbic system: focus on nicotine effects.	Pistillo F et al.	—	2015	→
Novel fast adapting interneurons mediate cholinergic-induced fast GABAA inhibitory postsynaptic currents in striatal spiny neurons.	Faust TW et al.	—	2015	→
Opioids potentiate electrical transmission at mixed synapses on the Mauthner cell.	Cachope R et al.	—	2015	→
Optogenetic versus electrical stimulation of dopamine terminals in the nucleus accumbens reveals local modulation of presynaptic release.	Melchior JR et al.	—	2015	→
Prefrontal cortex gates acute morphine action on dopamine neurons in the ventral tegmental area.	Liu C et al.	—	2015	→
Probing striatal microcircuitry to understand the functional role of cholinergic interneurons.	Girasole AE et al.	—	2015	→
Role of Striatal Cholinergic Interneurons in Set-Shifting in the Rat.	Aoki S et al.	—	2015	→
Striatal cholinergic dysfunction as a unifying theme in the pathophysiology of dystonia.	Eskow Jaunarajs KL et al.	—	2015	→
Understanding opioid reward.	Fields HL et al.	—	2015	→
Upregulation of dopamine D2 receptors in the nucleus accumbens indirect pathway increases locomotion but does not reduce alcohol consumption.	Gallo EF et al.	—	2015	→
α6-Containing nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in midbrain dopamine neurons are poised to govern dopamine-mediated behaviors and synaptic plasticity.	Berry JN et al.	—	2015	→
Adolescent, but not adult, binge ethanol exposure leads to persistent global reductions of choline acetyltransferase expressing neurons in brain.	Vetreno RP et al.	—	2014	→
A major external source of cholinergic innervation of the striatum and nucleus accumbens originates in the brainstem.	Dautan D et al.	—	2014	→
Antipsychotic drug-like effects of the selective M4 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor positive allosteric modulator VU0152100.	Byun NE et al.	—	2014	→
Cholinergic modulation of the medial prefrontal cortex: the role of nicotinic receptors in attention and regulation of neuronal activity.	Bloem B et al.	—	2014	→
Chronic alcohol consumption leads to neurochemical changes in the nucleus accumbens that are not fully reversed by withdrawal.	Pereira PA et al.	—	2014	→
Cocaine inhibition of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors influences dopamine release.	Acevedo-Rodriguez A et al.	—	2014	→
Cortical and thalamic excitation mediate the multiphasic responses of striatal cholinergic interneurons to motivationally salient stimuli.	Doig NM et al.	—	2014	→
Differential effects of systemic cholinergic receptor blockade on Pavlovian incentive motivation and goal-directed action selection.	Ostlund SB et al.	—	2014	→
Dopamine neurons control striatal cholinergic neurons via regionally heterogeneous dopamine and glutamate signaling.	Chuhma N et al.	—	2014	→
Dopaminergic modulation of striatal networks in health and Parkinson's disease.	Surmeier DJ et al.	—	2014	→
Effects of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor antagonist mecamylamine on the discriminative stimulus effects of cocaine in male rhesus monkeys.	Banks ML	—	2014	→
Enhanced synthesis and release of dopamine in transgenic mice with gain-of-function α6* nAChRs.	Wang Y et al.	—	2014	→
Fast phasic release properties of dopamine studied with a channel biosensor.	Kress GJ et al.	—	2014	→
Firing pattern characteristics of tonically active neurons in rat striatum: context dependent or species divergent?	Benhamou L et al.	—	2014	→
Frequency-dependent effects of ethanol on dopamine release in the nucleus accumbens.	Yorgason JT et al.	—	2014	→
Glutamate and dopamine transmission from midbrain dopamine neurons share similar release properties but are differentially affected by cocaine.	Adrover MF et al.	—	2014	→
Heterogeneity of dopamine neuron activity across traits and states.	Marinelli M et al.	—	2014	→
Illuminating the role of cholinergic signaling in circuits of attention and emotionally salient behaviors.	Luchicchi A et al.	—	2014	→
Local control of striatal dopamine release.	Cachope R et al.	—	2014	→
Modulation of dopamine release in the striatum by physiologically relevant levels of nicotine.	Wang L et al.	—	2014	→
Multiphasic modulation of cholinergic interneurons by nigrostriatal afferents.	Straub C et al.	—	2014	→
Neurocircuitry of drug reward.	Ikemoto S et al.	—	2014	→
Nicotine aversion: Neurobiological mechanisms and relevance to tobacco dependence vulnerability.	Fowler CD et al.	—	2014	→
Nicotinic receptors regulate the dynamic range of dopamine release in vivo.	Koranda JL et al.	—	2014	→
Novel AAV-based rat model of forebrain synucleinopathy shows extensive pathologies and progressive loss of cholinergic interneurons.	Aldrin-Kirk P et al.	—	2014	→
Optical suppression of drug-evoked phasic dopamine release.	McCutcheon JE et al.	—	2014	→
Optogenetic measurement of presynaptic calcium transients using conditional genetically encoded calcium indicator expression in dopaminergic neurons.	Sgobio C et al.	—	2014	→
Optogenetic studies of nicotinic contributions to cholinergic signaling in the central nervous system.	Jiang L et al.	—	2014	→
Reacquisition of cocaine conditioned place preference and its inhibition by previous social interaction preferentially affect D1-medium spiny neurons in the accumbens corridor.	Prast JM et al.	—	2014	→
Selective modulation of GABAergic tonic current by dopamine in the nucleus accumbens of alcohol-dependent rats.	Liang J et al.	—	2014	→
Striatal cholinergic interneuron regulation and circuit effects.	Lim SA et al.	—	2014	→
Striatal cholinergic interneurons Drive GABA release from dopamine terminals.	Nelson AB et al.	—	2014	→
Temporal components of cholinergic terminal to dopaminergic terminal transmission in dorsal striatum slices of mice.	Wang L et al.	—	2014	→
Understanding the role α7 nicotinic receptors play in dopamine efflux in nucleus accumbens.	Maex R et al.	—	2014	→
Varenicline decreases ethanol intake and increases dopamine release via neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in the nucleus accumbens.	Feduccia AA et al.	—	2014	→
VTA GABA neurons modulate specific learning behaviors through the control of dopamine and cholinergic systems.	Creed MC et al.	—	2014	→
ChAT-ChR2-EYFP mice have enhanced motor endurance but show deficits in attention and several additional cognitive domains.	Kolisnyk B et al.	—	2013	→
Direct and GABA-mediated indirect effects of nicotinic ACh receptor agonists on striatal neurones.	Luo R et al.	—	2013	→
Dyadic social interaction as an alternative reward to cocaine.	Zernig G et al.	—	2013	→
Examining the complex regulation and drug-induced plasticity of dopamine release and uptake using voltammetry in brain slices.	Ferris MJ et al.	—	2013	→
Genetic and neurophysiological correlates of the age of onset of alcohol use disorders in adolescents and young adults.	Chorlian DB et al.	—	2013	→
Global actions of nicotine on the striatal microcircuit.	Plata V et al.	—	2013	→
Heterogeneous properties of central lateral and parafascicular thalamic synapses in the striatum.	Ellender TJ et al.	—	2013	→
Long-term nicotine treatment down-regulates α6β2* nicotinic receptor expression and function in nucleus accumbens.	Perez XA et al.	—	2013	→
Nicotinic receptors in addiction pathways.	Leslie FM et al.	—	2013	→
Optogenetic dissection of neural circuits underlying emotional valence and motivated behaviors.	Nieh EH et al.	—	2013	→
Optogenetic insights into striatal function and behavior.	Lenz JD et al.	—	2013	→
Optogenetic interrogations of the neural circuits underlying addiction.	Britt JP et al.	—	2013	→
Optogenetics in psychiatric diseases.	Touriño C et al.	—	2013	→
Pause and rebound: sensory control of cholinergic signaling in the striatum.	Schulz JM et al.	—	2013	→
Potential substrates for nicotine and alcohol interactions: a focus on the mesocorticolimbic dopamine system.	Doyon WM et al.	—	2013	→
Regulation of cholinergic activity by the vesicular acetylcholine transporter.	Prado VF et al.	—	2013	→
Striatal dopamine transmission is reduced after chronic nicotine with a decrease in α6-nicotinic receptor control in nucleus accumbens.	Exley R et al.	—	2013	→
Acetylcholine, drug reward and substance use disorder treatment: intra- and interindividual striatal and accumbal neuron ensemble heterogeneity may explain apparent discrepant findings.	Prast JM et al.	—	2012	→
A feud that wasn't: acetylcholine evokes dopamine release in the striatum.	Surmeier DJ et al.	—	2012	→
Opposing regulation of dopaminergic activity and exploratory motor behavior by forebrain and brainstem cholinergic circuits.	Patel JC et al.	—	2012	→
Ventral tegmental area GABA projections pause accumbal cholinergic interneurons to enhance associative learning.	Brown MT et al.	—	2012	→