Independent delta/theta rhythms in the human hippocampus and entorhinal cortex.
paper
Cited
Public
- Authors
- Mormann, Florian; Osterhage, Hannes; Andrzejak, Ralph G; Weber, Bernd; FernΓ‘ndez, GuillΓ©n; Fell, Juergen; Elger, Christian E; Lehnertz, Klaus
- Year
- 2008
- Journal
- Frontiers in human neuroscience
- PMID
- 18958204
- DOI
- 10.3389/neuro.09.003.2008
- PMCID
- PMC2525973
Theta oscillations in the medial temporal lobe (MTL) of mammals are involved in various functions such as spatial navigation, sensorimotor integration, and cognitive processing. While the theta rhythm was originally assumed to originate in the medial septum, more recent studies suggest autonomous theta generation in the MTL. Although coherence between entorhinal and hippocampal theta activity has been found to influence memory formation, it remains unclear whether these two structures can generate theta independently. In this study we analyzed intracranial electroencephalographic (EEG) recordings from 22 patients with unilateral hippocampal sclerosis undergoing presurgical evaluation prior to resection of the epileptic focus. Using a wavelet-based, frequency-band-specific measure of phase synchronization, we quantified synchrony between 10 different recording sites along the longitudinal axis of the hippocampal formation in the non-epileptic brain hemisphere. We compared EEG synchrony between adjacent recording sites (i) within the entorhinal cortex, (ii) within the hippocampus, and (iii) between the hippocampus and entorhinal cortex. We observed a significant interregional gap in synchrony for the delta and theta band, indicating the existence of independent delta/theta rhythms in different subregions of the human MTL. The interaction of these rhythms could represent the temporal basis for the information processing required for mnemonic encoding and retrieval.
Electrode implantation scheme. Longitudinal depth electrodes are placed with the anterior contacts located in the entorhinal cortex (EC) and the posterior contacts located in the hippocampus (Hi).
Exemplary results. (A) Exemplary traces of bandpass-filtered theta activity from two entorhinal (EC, channels 3 and 4) and two hippocampal (Hi, channels 5 and 6) recording sites. The average degree of synchrony R between these recording sites over time is color-coded and displayed in the synchronization matrix (upper right) for this EEG frequency band. In this schematic, only the three matrix entries for which the subsequent group statistics was performed are filled. (B) Synchronization matrices from the same patient for different EEG bands, including the theta matrix from (A), now with all entries filled.
Group statistics for 22 patients. Comparison of intra- and inter-regional synchrony within and between the entorhinal cortex and hippocampus for different frequency bands. Bars depict mean levels of synchrony across patients within the entorhinal cortex (ECβEC), between entorhinal cortex and hippocampus (ECβHi), and within the hippocampus (HiβHi), respectively, with error bars denoting the standard error. n.s. = not significant, * = p < 0.05, ** = p < 0.01, *** = p < 0.001 (two-sided Wilcoxon test; uncorrected p-values). Note that a statistically significant inter-regional gap in synchrony as defined in the methods section is observed only for the delta and theta band.
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| Name | Type |
|---|---|
| amygdala | anatomy |
| Anterior hippocampus | anatomy |
| anterior parahippocampal gyrus local | anatomy |
| Collateral sulcus local | anatomy |
| delta band | phenotype |
| diagonal band of Broca | anatomy |
| entorhinal cortex | anatomy |
| Entorhinal-hippocampal border local | anatomy |
| Entorhinal rhythm local | phenotype |
| epilepsy | phenotype |
| Focal epilepsy local | phenotype |
| Frequency band local | phenotype |
| gamma oscillations | phenotype |
| hippocampal CA1 region | anatomy |
| Hippocampal fissure local | anatomy |
| hippocampal formation | anatomy |
| Hippocampal rhythm local | phenotype |
| hippocampal sclerosis local | phenotype |
| hippocampus | anatomy |
| human MTL local | anatomy |
| humans | cohort |
| Inter-regional synchrony gap local | phenotype |
| learning/memory deficits local | phenotype |
| long term depression local | phenotype |
| long term potentiation local | phenotype |
| medial septum | anatomy |
| mediotemporal region local | anatomy |
| mediotemporal theta activity local | phenotype |
| memory | phenotype |
| Mnemonic processing local | phenotype |
| monkey cortex local | anatomy |
| Monkey cortex local | anatomy |
| MTL | anatomy |
| MTL subregions local | anatomy |
| neocortex | anatomy |
| original group of 40 patients local | cohort |
| parasubiculum | anatomy |
| patients | cohort |
| patients with temporal lobe epilepsy local | cohort |
| perirhinal cortex | anatomy |
| Pharmaco-refractory unilateral epilepsy local | phenotype |
| Pharmaco-refractory unilateral epilepsy cohort local | cohort |
| pharmacoresistant MTL epilepsy local | phenotype |
| Phase precession local | phenotype |
| rhinal cortex local | anatomy |
| rhinal-hippocampal theta coherence local | phenotype |
| rodent studies | cohort |
| seizure-free local | phenotype |
| Seizure-free interval local | phenotype |
| selected cohort of 22 patients local | cohort |
| Sensorimotor integration local | phenotype |
| Spatial navigation | phenotype |
| subregions of hippocampus local | anatomy |
| Sulcus semiannularis local | anatomy |
| Synchrony local | phenotype |
| temporal lobe | anatomy |
| temporal lobe epilepsy | anatomy |
| theta activity | phenotype |
| theta band | phenotype |
| Theta generators local | phenotype |
| theta oscillations | phenotype |
| theta phase reset local | phenotype |
| Unilateral MTL epilepsy cohort local | cohort |
| working memory | phenotype |
| Working memory task local | phenotype |
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