Induced theta oscillations as biomarkers for alcoholism.
- Authors
- Andrew, Colin; Fein, George
- Year
- 2010
- Journal
- Clinical neurophysiology : official journal of the International Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology
- PMID
- 20074999
- DOI
- 10.1016/j.clinph.2009.11.080
- PMCID
- PMC3246413
OBJECTIVE: Studies have suggested that non-phase-locked event-related oscillations (ERO) in target stimulus processing might provide biomarkers of alcoholism. This study investigates the discriminatory power of non-phase-locked oscillations in a group of long-term abstinent alcoholics (LTAAs) and non-alcoholic controls (NACs). METHODS: EEGs were recorded from 48 LTAAs and 48 age and gender comparable NACs during rest with eyes open (EO) and during the performance of a three-condition visual target detection task. The data were analyzed to extract resting power, ERP amplitude and non-phase-locked ERO power measures. Data were analyzed using MANCOVA to determine the discriminatory power of induced theta ERO vs. resting theta power vs. P300 ERP measures in differentiating the LTAA and NAC groups. RESULTS: Both groups showed significantly more theta power in the pre-stimulus reference period of the task vs. the resting EO condition. The resting theta power did not discriminate the groups, while the LTAAs showed significantly less pre-stimulus theta power vs. the NACs. The LTAAs showed a significantly larger theta event-related synchronization (ERS) to the target stimulus vs. the NACs, even after accounting for pre-stimulus theta power levels. ERS to non-target stimuli showed smaller induced oscillations vs. target stimuli with no group differences. Alcohol use variables, a family history of alcohol problems, and the duration of alcohol abstinence were not associated with any theta power measures. CONCLUSIONS: While reference theta power in the task and induced theta oscillations to target stimuli both discriminate LTAAs and NACs, induced theta oscillations better discriminate the groups. Induced theta power measures are also more powerful and independent group discriminators than the P3b amplitude. SIGNIFICANCE: Induced frontal theta oscillations promise to provide biomarkers of alcoholism that complement the well-established P300 ERP discriminators.
Grand average ERONPL TFRs for NACs (top plot) and LTAAs (bottom plot) at electrode site FCz for the target stimulus. The TFRs were computed using the ST method. Power in the TFRs is displayed on a logarithmic scale and the scale is the same for both TFRs. The locations of the pre-stimulus and post-stimulus TFROIs are indicated on the TFRs. Topographical maps for the pre- and post-stimulus TFROIs are shown for each group below the corresponding TFR. The scales for each map are different so as to clearly indicate the maximum of the spatial distribution for the reference and absolute theta θ power.
Group comparisons of the theta-band relative power (i.e. ERS) time courses at electrode site FCz for the target (top plot), rare non-target (middle plot) and standard non-target (bottom plot) stimuli. The time courses were computed from the STFT-based ERONPL TFRs by averaging the power within the θ band defined by the TFROIs. The scales are the same for all three sets of time courses. Topographical maps for each group are shown at the peak of the ERS time course. The scales for the maps are different so as to clearly illustrate the location of the maximum of the spatial distribution of the relative θ power. For the NACs, the scale on the topographical maps ranges from 40% (blue) to 160% (red), while for the LTAAs, the scale is from 50% to 200%.
Group comparison (top row) of the reference power spectra for the pre-stimulus reference period averaged over three stimulus types (left plot) and resting eyes-open power spectra (right plot) and condition comparison (bottom row) of power spectra for NACs (left plot) and LTAAs is (right plot). The pre-stimulus reference power spectra were computed by averaging the spectra in the grand average STFT-based ERONPL TFR across the time interval defined by the pre-stimulus TFROI (i.e. -200 ms to -100 ms). The horizontal bar in the spectral plots shows the frequency band defined by the TFROI (i.e. 4 Hz to 6 Hz).
| Name | Type |
|---|---|
| absolute θ power local | phenotype |
| alcohol | phenotype |
| alcohol abuse | phenotype |
| alcohol dependence | phenotype |
| alcoholic group | cohort |
| alcoholism | phenotype |
| Alcohol Problems | phenotype |
| Alcohol Use | phenotype |
| anterior region | anatomy |
| attentional demand local | phenotype |
| Attentional demand local | phenotype |
| attention allocation | phenotype |
| baseline θ power local | phenotype |
| central electrode site local | anatomy |
| centro-parietal region | anatomy |
| centro-parietal regions local | anatomy |
| CPz | anatomy |
| Cz | anatomy |
| Delta evoked ERO power local | phenotype |
| duration of abstinence local | phenotype |
| Duration of abstinence local | phenotype |
| EEG | phenotype |
| electrode site local | anatomy |
| EO rest condition local | phenotype |
| E-prime software system local | drug |
| EROEVK TFR | phenotype |
| ERONPL TFR local | phenotype |
| ERONPL TFRs local | phenotype |
| EROTOT TFR | phenotype |
| ERP measures | phenotype |
| ERS local | phenotype |
| event-related desynchronizations local | phenotype |
| event-related oscillations | phenotype |
| event-related synchronizations local | phenotype |
| evoked power | phenotype |
| evoked δ ERO power local | phenotype |
| evoked δ/θ power local | phenotype |
| evoked θ ERO power local | phenotype |
| evoked θ power local | phenotype |
| family history density | phenotype |
| Family history density (FHD) local | phenotype |
| family history of alcoholism | phenotype |
| FCz | anatomy |
| FHD | cohort |
| frontal cortex | anatomy |
| frontal electrode sites local | anatomy |
| frontal θ ERS local | phenotype |
| fronto-central region | anatomy |
| fronto-central regions local | anatomy |
| Fz | anatomy |
| group | cohort |
| induced power local | phenotype |
| induced theta oscillations local | phenotype |
| Induced theta oscillations local | phenotype |
| induced theta power local | phenotype |
| induced θ oscillations local | phenotype |
| induced θ power (non-target stimulus) local | phenotype |
| induced θ power (target stimulus) local | phenotype |
| lifetime alcohol use | phenotype |
| long-term abstinent alcoholics | phenotype |
| LTAA | cohort |
| LTAAs local | anatomy |
| MESOIs | anatomy |
| midline fronto-central region local | anatomy |
| NAc | anatomy |
| non-drinkers | phenotype |
| non-target stimuli local | phenotype |
| non-target stimulus local | phenotype |
| occipital cortex | anatomy |
| offspring of alcoholics | cohort |
| P300 ERP measures local | phenotype |
| P300 measures | phenotype |
| P3a ERP peak local | phenotype |
| P3b amplitude | phenotype |
| P3b ERP peak local | phenotype |
| parietal cortex | anatomy |
| parietal electrode sites local | anatomy |
| Parietal electrode sites local | anatomy |
| Phase-locked theta activity local | phenotype |
| posterior region | anatomy |
| post-stimulus θ power local | phenotype |
| pre-stimulus reference theta power local | phenotype |
| pre-stimulus theta power local | phenotype |
| pre-stimulus θ power local | phenotype |
| Pz | anatomy |
| rare non-standard stimulus local | phenotype |
| Rare non-standard stimulus local | phenotype |
| rare non-target local | phenotype |
| Rare non-target stimuli local | phenotype |
| rare non-target stimulus local | phenotype |
| reference period local | phenotype |
| reference θ power local | phenotype |
| relative θ power local | phenotype |
| Response box button local | drug |
| resting local | phenotype |
| Short-time Fourier Transform local | drug |
| standard non-target local | phenotype |
| Standard non-target stimuli local | phenotype |
| standard non-target stimulus local | phenotype |
| Standard non-target stimulus local | phenotype |
| standard stimuli local | phenotype |
| stimulus effect local | phenotype |
| Stimulus effect local | phenotype |
| Stockwell Transform local | drug |
| subject local | cohort |
| target stimuli local | phenotype |
| Target stimuli local | phenotype |
| target stimulus | phenotype |
| task | phenotype |
| task demand | phenotype |
| TFR local | drug |
| theta activity | phenotype |
| theta ERS local | phenotype |
| Theta ERS local | phenotype |
| Theta evoked ERO power local | phenotype |
| theta oscillations | phenotype |
| Theta synchronization local | phenotype |
| total θ ERO power local | phenotype |
| two groups local | cohort |
| visual detection task local | cohort |
| Visual oddball experiment local | phenotype |
| Vulnerability to alcoholism local | phenotype |
| working memory | phenotype |
| α band local | phenotype |
| θ band | phenotype |
| θ ERS local | phenotype |
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