Quality control parameters on a large dataset of regionally dissected human control brains for whole genome expression studies.
- Authors
- Trabzuni, Daniah; Ryten, Mina; Walker, Robert; Smith, Colin; Imran, Sabaena; Ramasamy, Adaikalavan; Weale, Michael E; Hardy, John
- Year
- 2011
- Journal
- Journal of neurochemistry
- PMID
- 21848658
- DOI
- 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2011.07432.x
- PMCID
- PMC3664422
We are building an open-access database of regional human brain expression designed to allow the genome-wide assessment of genetic variability on expression. Array and RNA sequencing technologies make assessment of genome-wide expression possible. Human brain tissue is a challenging source for this work because it can only be obtained several and variable hours post-mortem and after varying agonal states. These variables alter RNA integrity in a complex manner. In this report, we assess the effect of post-mortem delay, agonal state and age on gene expression, and the utility of pH and RNA integrity number as predictors of gene expression as measured on 1266 Affymetrix Exon Arrays. We assessed the accuracy of the array data using QuantiGene, as an independent non-PCR-based method. These quality control parameters will allow database users to assess data accuracy. We report that within the parameters of this study post-mortem delay, agonal state and age have little impact on array quality, array data are robust to variable RNA integrity, and brain pH has only a small effect on array performance. QuantiGene gave very similar expression profiles as array data. This study is the first step in our initiative to make human, regional brain expression freely available.
(a) Scatter plot for total RNA samples with linear regression line of RIN numbers for pH. Plot shows the effect of pH on RIN number for RNA samples isolated from 13 region of control brain tissue. Test p-values is test p-value = 1.0 Γ 10β4, r-value = 0.145. Including the low pH values of < 5.9. (b) Scatter plot for total RNA samples with linear regression line of RIN numbers for pH. Plot shows the effect of pH on RIN number for RNA samples isolated from 13 region of control brain tissue. No significant correlation was obtained with r-value = 0.0016 and p-value = 0.82. Samples with low pH value of < 5.9 were excluded.
Bar chart to show variation in %P by brain region (CRBL, WHMT).This graph shows the different performance of samples from specific brain regions on the array. These results are highly significant p-values (1.3 Γ 10β24 ). The heights of the bars represent the mean. The error bars represent the SEM.
Scatter plot for total RNA samples with linear regression line of Present call (%P) for pH. Scatter plot shows that pH significantly explains 12.0% of the variation in %P (p = 2.3 Γ 10β9, r = 0.353), including samples with low pH values. Low pH values are driving the regression analysis.
QuantiGene validation of microarray expression data. (a) SCN8A expression level between different regions. The graph shows high expression in OCTX compare with other regions. It is clear that this gene in mostly not expressed in WHMT region (expression level close to zero) also it presenting large error bar. (b) MAPT, showing higher expression in OCTX compare with other brain regions. These results confirm the array data with significant p-values of < 0.01. The expression level is presenting the mean and the error bars is SEM.
QuantiGene validation of microarray expression data for LRRK2 expression level in different regions. The graph shows higher expression in OCTX compare with other regions. Wilcoxon-signed rank test was performed and these results confirm the difference between regions in array data is significant. The expression level is presenting the median and the stars indicating the significant difference in expression with p-values of < 0.01. In this case, as LRRK2 expression level was very low, it was unreliable to use SEM and Wilcoxonβs test was performed using the median values.
| Name | Type |
|---|---|
| 12 individuals local | cohort |
| 2100 Expert Software local | drug |
| 6Γ SSPE-T local | drug |
| Affymetrix exon arrays local | drug |
| Affymetrix Exon arrays local | cohort |
| Affymetrix Exon arrays local | drug |
| Affymetrix GeneChip Human Exon 1.0 ST Array local | drug |
| Affymetrix Human Exon 1.0 ST array | drug |
| Affymetrix Terminal Labeling Kit local | drug |
| age | phenotype |
| Agilent 2100 Bioanalyzer | drug |
| Agilent Bioanalyser local | drug |
| agonal stress local | phenotype |
| Ambion WT Expression kit | drug |
| AROS Applied Biotechnology AS local | cohort |
| Array quality performance local | phenotype |
| Biotin labeling local | drug |
| biotinylated anti-streptavidin antibody (goat) local | drug |
| brain | anatomy |
| brain bank | cohort |
| brain pH | phenotype |
| Brain_regions_of_interest local | anatomy |
| Brain samples local | cohort |
| brain tissue | anatomy |
| case/control status | phenotype |
| cause of death local | phenotype |
| cDNA | drug |
| chloroform | drug |
| CNS regions local | anatomy |
| Cohort_137_individuals local | cohort |
| Complex Neurological and Psychiatric Diseases local | phenotype |
| control brain tissue local | cohort |
| Control Caucasian cohort local | cohort |
| control Caucasian individuals local | cohort |
| CRBL local | anatomy |
| cRNA | drug |
| CSF fluid local | drug |
| ethanol consumption | phenotype |
| GeneChip Scanner 3000 7G local | drug |
| gene expression | phenotype |
| human brain | anatomy |
| hypothalamus | anatomy |
| lateral ventricle | anatomy |
| liquid nitrogen | drug |
| Lithium lauryl sulfate local | drug |
| LRRK2 local | gene |
| Lumigen APS-5 substrate local | drug |
| Lumigen Lumi-Phos Plus local | drug |
| Mapt | gene |
| microarray | drug |
| miRNeasy 96 kit | drug |
| MRC Sudden Death Brain and Tissue Bank local | cohort |
| MRC-UK local | cohort |
| MRC-UK brain bank local | cohort |
| MRC-UK dataset local | cohort |
| MRC-UK samples local | cohort |
| mRNA | drug |
| Multi-regional Human Brain Expression Project local | cohort |
| NanoDrop ND-1000 Spectrophotometer local | drug |
| normal goat IgG local | drug |
| OCTX local | anatomy |
| %P local | phenotype |
| parietal cortex | anatomy |
| percent present local | phenotype |
| percent present call (%P) local | phenotype |
| pH | drug |
| PMI | phenotype |
| polyA tail | drug |
| post-mortem control brain tissue local | cohort |
| postmortem interval | phenotype |
| postmortem interval (PMI) local | phenotype |
| present call (%P) local | phenotype |
| PUTM local | anatomy |
| Qiagen RNeasy columns local | drug |
| QIAzol local | drug |
| QuantiGene 2.0 Reagent System local | drug |
| Rapid death brain bank local | cohort |
| region | anatomy |
| RIN | phenotype |
| RIN-based RNA quality local | phenotype |
| RIN number local | phenotype |
| RIN numbers local | phenotype |
| RIN values local | phenotype |
| RNA | drug |
| RNA 6000 Nano-LabChip local | drug |
| RNA array performance quality local | phenotype |
| RNA integrity number (RIN) | phenotype |
| RNA samples local | cohort |
| RNase-free 96-well plates local | drug |
| RNase-free water | drug |
| RNeasy 96-well plates local | drug |
| RPLP0 | gene |
| Scn8a | gene |
| sex | phenotype |
| Short post-mortem interval brain bank local | cohort |
| SHRI-USA local | cohort |
| SHRI-USA dataset local | cohort |
| SHRI-USA samples local | cohort |
| spinal cord | anatomy |
| storage conditions local | phenotype |
| streptavidin-phycoerythrin conjugate local | drug |
| tissue block local | cohort |
| tissue type | phenotype |
| total RNA | drug |
| total RNA electropherograms local | phenotype |
| Tween-20 | drug |
| UBC local | gene |
| UK Human Brain Expression Consortium local | cohort |
| unincorporated nucleotides local | drug |
| washing buffer local | drug |
| WHMT local | anatomy |
| whole brain | anatomy |
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| Bayesian test for colocalisation between pairs of genetic association studies using summary statistics. | Giambartolomei C et al. | β | 2014 | β |
| Frontotemporal dementia and its subtypes: a genome-wide association study. | Ferrari R et al. | β | 2014 | β |
| Genetic comorbidities in Parkinson's disease. | Nalls MA et al. | β | 2014 | β |
| Genetic evidence for a pathogenic role for the vitamin D3 metabolizing enzyme <i>CYP24A1</i> in multiple sclerosis. | Ramasamy A et al. | β | 2014 | β |
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| Gene-wide analysis detects two new susceptibility genes for Alzheimer's disease. | Escott-Price V et al. | β | 2014 | β |
| Genomewide association study in cervical dystonia demonstrates possible association with sodium leak channel. | Mok KY et al. | β | 2014 | β |
| Hypermethylation in the ZBTB20 gene is associated with major depressive disorder. | Davies MN et al. | β | 2014 | β |
| Insights from cerebellar transcriptomic analysis into the pathogenesis of ataxia. | Bettencourt C et al. | β | 2014 | β |
| Mutations in SNX14 cause a distinctive autosomal-recessive cerebellar ataxia and intellectual disability syndrome. | Thomas AC et al. | β | 2014 | β |
| Novel C12orf65 mutations in patients with axonal neuropathy and optic atrophy. | Tucci A et al. | β | 2014 | β |
| Rare coding variants in the phospholipase D3 gene confer risk for Alzheimer's disease. | Cruchaga C et al. | β | 2014 | β |
| The alternative splicing of the apolipoprotein E gene is unperturbed in the brains of Alzheimer's disease patients. | Mills JD et al. | β | 2014 | β |
| Truncating and missense mutations in IGHMBP2 cause Charcot-Marie Tooth disease type 2. | Cottenie E et al. | β | 2014 | β |
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| Fine-mapping, gene expression and splicing analysis of the disease associated LRRK2 locus. | Trabzuni D et al. | β | 2013 | β |
| Gene expression changes with age in skin, adipose tissue, blood and brain. | Glass D et al. | β | 2013 | β |
| Genetic analysis in neurology: the next 10 years. | Pittman A et al. | β | 2013 | β |
| Initial assessment of the pathogenic mechanisms of the recently identified Alzheimer risk Loci. | Holton P et al. | β | 2013 | β |
| Insights into TREM2 biology by network analysis of human brain gene expression data. | Forabosco P et al. | β | 2013 | β |
| Investigating cell death mechanisms in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis using transcriptomics. | Heath PR et al. | β | 2013 | β |
| Mutations in the autoregulatory domain of Ξ²-tubulin 4a cause hereditary dystonia. | Hersheson J et al. | β | 2013 | β |
| Resolving the polymorphism-in-probe problem is critical for correct interpretation of expression QTL studies. | Ramasamy A et al. | β | 2013 | β |
| Widespread sex differences in gene expression and splicing in the adult human brain. | Trabzuni D et al. | β | 2013 | β |
| Enhanced stability of microRNA expression facilitates classification of FFPE tumour samples exhibiting near total mRNA degradation. | Hall JS et al. | β | 2012 | β |
| Gene expression in the Parkinson's disease brain. | Lewis PA et al. | β | 2012 | β |
| Identification of common variants associated with human hippocampal and intracranial volumes. | Stein JL et al. | β | 2012 | β |
| Integration of GWAS SNPs and tissue specific expression profiling reveal discrete eQTLs for human traits in blood and brain. | Hernandez DG et al. | β | 2012 | β |
| Investigating the utility of human embryonic stem cell-derived neurons to model ageing and neurodegenerative disease using whole-genome gene expression and splicing analysis. | Patani R et al. | β | 2012 | β |
| Isolation of enriched glial populations from post-mortem human CNS material by immuno-laser capture microdissection. | Waller R et al. | β | 2012 | β |
| MAPT expression and splicing is differentially regulated by brain region: relation to genotype and implication for tauopathies. | Trabzuni D et al. | β | 2012 | β |
| Mutations in ANO3 cause dominant craniocervical dystonia: ion channel implicated in pathogenesis. | Charlesworth G et al. | β | 2012 | β |
| A hexanucleotide repeat expansion in C9ORF72 is the cause of chromosome 9p21-linked ALS-FTD. | Renton AE et al. | β | 2011 | β |