Variation in the oxytocin receptor gene is associated with pair-bonding and social behavior.
paper
Cited
Public
- Authors
- Walum, Hasse; Lichtenstein, Paul; Neiderhiser, Jenae M; Reiss, David; Ganiban, Jody M; Spotts, Erica L; Pedersen, Nancy L; AnckarsΓ€ter, Henrik; Larsson, Henrik; Westberg, Lars
- Year
- 2012
- Journal
- Biological psychiatry
- PMID
- 22015110
- DOI
- 10.1016/j.biopsych.2011.09.002
- PMCID
- PMC3266986
BACKGROUND: In specific vole and primate species the neuropeptide oxytocin plays a central role in the regulation of pair-bonding behavior. Here we investigate the extent to which genetic variants in the oxytocin receptor gene (OXTR) are associated with pair-bonding and related social behaviors in humans. METHODS: We first genotyped twelve single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the TOSS (Twin and Offspring Study in Sweden) (n = 2309) and the TCHAD (Swedish Twin Study of Child and Adolescent Development) (n = 1240), comprising measures of self-reported pair-bonding behavior. In the TOSS sample we further investigated one of the SNPs for measures of marital status and quality. Moreover, in the TCHAD sample we explored the longitudinal relationship between precursors of pair-bonding during childhood and subsequent behavior in romantic relationships. Finally, in the TCHAD study and in the Child and Adolescent Twin Study of Sweden (CATSS) (n = 1771), the association between the same SNP and childhood behaviors was investigated. RESULTS: One SNP (rs7632287) in OXTR was associated with traits reflecting pair-bonding in women in the TOSS and TCHAD samples. In girls the rs7632287 SNP was further associated with childhood social problems, which longitudinally predicted pair-bonding behavior in the TCHAD sample. This association was replicated in the CATSS sample in which an association between the same SNP and social interaction deficit symptoms from the autism spectrum was detected. CONCLUSION: These results suggest an association between variation in OXTR and human pair-bonding and other social behaviors, possibly indicating that the well-described influence of oxytocin on affiliative behavior in voles could also be of importance for humans.
Overview of the order of analysis, samples and measures used to investigate associations between oxytocin receptor gene (OXTR) polymorphisms and pair-bonding behaviour as well as childhood deficits in social behavioursFirstly, associations between 12 SNPs in the oxytocin receptor gene (OXTR) and measures of pair-bonding were investigated in the TCHAD and TOSS samples, comprising men and women in romantic relationships (see Tables 2 and 3 for the results from these analyses ). Secondly, the SNP positively associated with pair-bonding behavior in women in the first step (rs7632287) was further studied in relation to marital crisis and measures of marital quality as perceived by spouses in the TOSS sample (Table 4a,b). Thirdly, the relation between behaviors in young girls and adult pair-bonding behavior was explored using the longitudinal design in TCHAD (Table 4c). The CBCL subscale social problems at age 8β9 was revealed to predict pair-bonding behavior in adulthood. Fourthly, the rs7632287 SNP was studied in relation to the social problems scale in TCHAD. The CBCL social problems scale has previously been shown to be associated with measures of the autism spectrum (65) and in the final step the rs7632287 SNP was studied in relation to symptoms of autism assessed in an additional sample, CATSS (Table 5). See text for further details and references regarding the samples and the different measures. Sample names are in bold text. RQS=Relationship Quality Survey, PBS=Partner Bonding Scale, CBCL=Child Behavior Checklist, A-TAC= the AutismβTics, AD/HD, and other Comorbidities inventory.
β Prev
21β34 of 34
| Name | Type |
|---|---|
| A-allele local | variant |
| AD/HD local | phenotype |
| adolescents | cohort |
| adulthood | cohort |
| affection subscale local | phenotype |
| affection subscale from the Relationship Quality Survey local | phenotype |
| aggression | phenotype |
| amygdala | anatomy |
| Anxiety/depression | phenotype |
| approach system | phenotype |
| A-TAC local | drug |
| Attachment style (depression) local | phenotype |
| attention problems | phenotype |
| autism | phenotype |
| autism related social problems local | phenotype |
| autism spectrum disorders | phenotype |
| autism spectrum score local | phenotype |
| autism spectrum syndromes local | phenotype |
| autism spectrum traits local | phenotype |
| AutismβTics, AD/HD, and other Comorbidities inventory local | phenotype |
| AVPR1A | gene |
| behavior in romantic relationships local | phenotype |
| Biparental care local | phenotype |
| Black-tufted Marmoset local | cohort |
| bonding impairment local | phenotype |
| broader indices of social functioning local | phenotype |
| CATSS local | cohort |
| CBCL social problems scale local | phenotype |
| CBCL social problems subscale local | phenotype |
| Child and Adolescent Twin Study in Sweden local | cohort |
| Child and Adolescent Twin Study of Sweden local | cohort |
| Child Behavioral Checklist local | phenotype |
| Child Behavior Checklist | drug |
| childhood conduct disorder | phenotype |
| childhood social problems local | phenotype |
| children | cohort |
| communication domain local | phenotype |
| Communication impairments local | phenotype |
| Couple conflict communication local | phenotype |
| decreased social communication local | phenotype |
| delinquency | phenotype |
| DNA | drug |
| DRD4 | gene |
| Dyadic Adjustment Scale local | phenotype |
| Dyadic Adjustment Scale (DAS) local | phenotype |
| Dyadic Consensus local | phenotype |
| emotional support seeking local | phenotype |
| Emotional support seeking local | phenotype |
| Emotion perception local | phenotype |
| empathy | phenotype |
| face recognition | phenotype |
| Facial attractiveness judgment local | phenotype |
| Facial trustworthiness judgment local | phenotype |
| female voles local | cohort |
| G-allele local | variant |
| Generosity local | phenotype |
| girls' romantic relationship behavior local | phenotype |
| girls' romantic relationship behavior (age 19-20) local | phenotype |
| humans | cohort |
| Human society local | phenotype |
| Intrasexual aggression local | phenotype |
| lower OTR expression local | phenotype |
| Male mating competition local | phenotype |
| marital crisis local | phenotype |
| Marital crisis item local | phenotype |
| Marital Instability Scale local | phenotype |
| marital problems | phenotype |
| marital satisfaction | phenotype |
| marital status | phenotype |
| maternal care | phenotype |
| maternal sensitivity local | phenotype |
| Maternal sensitivity local | phenotype |
| men | cohort |
| Montane vole | cohort |
| neuroticism | phenotype |
| novelty seeking | phenotype |
| nucleus accumbens | anatomy |
| OraGeneR DNA self-collection kit local | drug |
| OTR antagonist local | drug |
| OXTR | gene |
| OXTR SNPs local | variant |
| oxytocin | drug |
| oxytocin (OT) local | drug |
| Oxytocin receptor | gene |
| pair-bond formation local | phenotype |
| Pair-bond formation local | phenotype |
| pair bonding | phenotype |
| pair-bonding behavior local | phenotype |
| Pair-bonding behavior local | phenotype |
| pair-bonding related behaviors local | phenotype |
| pair-bonding related phenotypes local | phenotype |
| Parochial altruism local | phenotype |
| partner-bonding behavior scale local | phenotype |
| Partner Bonding Scale local | phenotype |
| Partner Bonding Scale (PBS) local | phenotype |
| Partner preference local | phenotype |
| partner preference formation local | phenotype |
| Paternal provisioning local | phenotype |
| PBS local | phenotype |
| Prairie vole | cohort |
| prairie voles | cohort |
| precursors of pair bonding local | phenotype |
| prosocial behavior | phenotype |
| prosocial decision making local | phenotype |
| Prosocial decision making local | phenotype |
| Prosocial Personality local | phenotype |
| prosocial temperament local | phenotype |
| Prosocial temperament local | phenotype |
| quality of marital relationship local | phenotype |
| quality of social relationships local | phenotype |
| relationship quality | phenotype |
| Relationship Quality Survey local | phenotype |
| relationship status | phenotype |
| Restricted repetitive behaviors and interests local | phenotype |
| Romantic bonding outcomes local | phenotype |
| RQS local | phenotype |
| rs1042778 local | variant |
| rs11720238 local | variant |
| rs1488467 local | variant |
| rs2254298 local | variant |
| rs2268493 | variant |
| rs237887 local | variant |
| rs237897 local | variant |
| rs4564970 local | variant |
| rs4686302 local | variant |
| rs53576 local | variant |
| rs75775 local | variant |
| rs7632287 local | variant |
| self reported partner-bonding behavior local | phenotype |
| sexual behavior | phenotype |
| SLC6A4 | gene |
| social amnesia local | phenotype |
| social behavior | phenotype |
| social behavior during pair interactions local | phenotype |
| social behavior measures local | phenotype |
| Social behaviors in autism spectrum disorder local | phenotype |
| social cognition | phenotype |
| Social cognition (ADHD) local | phenotype |
| social competence | phenotype |
| social functioning | phenotype |
| Social impairments local | phenotype |
| social interaction domain local | phenotype |
| social memory | phenotype |
| Social motivation local | phenotype |
| social problems | phenotype |
| Social Readjustment Rating Scale (SRRS) local | phenotype |
| somatic complaints | phenotype |
| specific brain regions | anatomy |
| studied SNP local | variant |
| study cohort | cohort |
| Support Seeking and Giving local | phenotype |
| Swedish twin pairs local | cohort |
| Swedish Twin Study of Child and Adolescent Development | cohort |
| TCHAD sample local | cohort |
| thought problems | phenotype |
| tics | phenotype |
| TOSS local | cohort |
| TOSS cohort 1 local | cohort |
| TOSS cohort 2 local | cohort |
| TOSS sample local | cohort |
| trust | phenotype |
| Twin and Offspring Study in Sweden local | cohort |
| Twin and Offspring Study in Sweden (TOSS) local | cohort |
| Twin cohort | cohort |
| Twin study of CHild and Adolescent Development local | cohort |
| vasopressin | drug |
| voles local | cohort |
| withdrawn | phenotype |
| women | cohort |
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