Suppression of amygdalar endocannabinoid signaling by stress contributes to activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis.

paper Cited Public

Authors: Hill, Matthew N; McLaughlin, Ryan J; Morrish, Anna C; Viau, Victor; Floresco, Stan B; Hillard, Cecilia J; Gorzalka, Boris B
Year: 2009
Journal: Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology
PMID: 19710634
DOI: 10.1038/npp.2009.114
PMCID: PMC3197779

Figure 1

Schematic of coronal sections of the rat brain showing the placements of the tips of the cannulae for all rats that received infusions of HU-210, AM251 or URB597 into the basolateral nucleus of the amygdala, the central nucleus of the amygdala and the medial amygdala. Representative histological pictures of infusions into the amygdala nuclei are adjacent to placement diagrams.

LLM interpretation

This figure consists of schematic coronal brain sections and corresponding histological images showing cannula tip placements in three rat amygdala nuclei: the basolateral (BLA), medial (MeA), and central (CeA). The schematics use black dots to indicate the distribution of cannula tips across various anterior-posterior coordinates (ranging from -2.12 mm to -3.30 mm). Adjacent histological micrographs provide representative visual confirmation of the infusion sites within each respective nucleus.

Figure 2

Acute psychological stress modulates endocannabinoid content in the amygdalaThe effect of 30 min restraint stress on the tissue content of the endocannabinoid ligands N-arachidonylethanolamide (anandamide; AEA) and 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG) within the amygdala. Values denoted are means ± SEM. * denotes significant differences (p < .05) between animals under basal and stress conditions.

LLM interpretation

This figure consists of two bar charts showing the tissue content of endocannabinoid ligands (AEA and 2-AG) in the amygdala under basal and stress conditions. The left chart shows a significant decrease in AEA content (pmol/g tissue) following stress, indicated by an asterisk (*p < .05). The right chart shows no significant difference in 2-AG content (nmol/g tissue) between the basal and stress groups.

Figure 3

Acute stress induced increases in corticosterone secretion: correlations with endocannabinoid content within the amygdala Thirty min restraint stress resulted in a significant increase in circulating corticosterone. Values denoted are means ± SEM. * denotes significant differences (p < .05) in corticosterone levels between basal and stress conditions.Under stress conditions, the magnitude of corticosterone secretion correlated significantly and negatively with anandamide (AEA) content in the amygdala. There was no significant correlation between corticosterone and 2-AG content in the amygdala. * denotes a significant correlation (p < .05).

LLM interpretation

This figure consists of one bar chart and two scatter plots analyzing corticosterone levels in relation to amygdala endocannabinoids. The bar chart shows a significant increase in circulating corticosterone (ng/ml) under stress conditions compared to basal levels (*p < .05). The scatter plots demonstrate a significant negative correlation between corticosterone and anandamide (AEA) content (R = -0.723, *p < .05), while no significant correlation is observed with 2-AG content (R = -0.182).

Figure 4

Inhibition of fatty acid amide hydrolase within the basolateral amygdala reduces stress-induced corticosterone secretionInfusion of URB597 (0.1 and 1 μg), a pharmacological inhibitor of FAAH, into the basolateral amygdala significantly reduced stress-induced increases in corticosterone secretion. Values denoted are means ± SEM. * denotes significant differences (p < .05).

LLM interpretation

This bar chart shows corticosterone levels (ng/ml) across five experimental conditions: Basal, Stress, Stress + 1 $\mu$g URB, Stress + 0.1 $\mu$g URB, and Stress + 0.1 $\mu$g URB / 2.5 $\mu$g Am251. Stress significantly increases corticosterone compared to basal levels, while the administration of URB597 (particularly at 0.1 $\mu$g) reduces this stress-induced secretion. Statistical markers (*) indicate significant differences ($p < .05$) between the Stress group and the 0.1 $\mu$g URB group, as well as between the 0.1 $\mu$g URB group and the group receiving both URB and Am251.

Figure 5

Antagonism of the CB1 receptor within distinct amygdalar nuclei differentially affects stress-induced increases in corticosterone secretionInfusion of the CB1 receptor antagonist AM251 (2.5 μg) into the basolateral nucleus of the amygdala (BLA) significantly increased corticosterone secretion, while there was no effect of AM251 infusion into the central nucleus of the amygdala (CeA) or the medial amygdala (MeA). Values denoted are means ± SEM. * denotes significant differences (p < .05).

LLM interpretation

This figure consists of three bar charts showing corticosterone levels (ng/ml) under basal and stress conditions following the infusion of vehicle (VEH) or the CB1 antagonist AM251 into three amygdalar nuclei: BLA, CeA, and MeA. In all three regions, stress significantly increases corticosterone secretion compared to basal levels. A statistically significant increase (p < .05) in stress-induced corticosterone is observed in the BLA group treated with AM251 compared to the VEH group, while no such difference is visible for the CeA or MeA groups.

Figure 6

Pharmacological activation of the CB1 receptor within distinct amygdalar nuclei differentially affects stress-induced increases in corticosterone secretionInfusion of the CB1 receptor agonist HU-210 (2.5 μg) into the basolateral amygdala (BLA) suppressed stress-induced corticosterone secretion, in a CB1 receptor-dependent manner, while infusion of HU-210 into the medial amygdala (MeA) enhanced stress-induced corticosterone secretion. There was no effect of HU-210 infusion into the central nucleus of the amygdala (CeA). Values denoted are means ± SEM. * denotes significant differences (p < .05).

LLM interpretation

This figure consists of four bar charts showing corticosterone levels (ng/ml) across different amygdalar nuclei (BLA, CeA, MeA) under basal and stress conditions. In the BLA, HU-210 (HU) significantly suppressed stress-induced corticosterone secretion compared to vehicle (VEH), an effect reversed by the antagonist AM251. Conversely, HU infusion into the MeA significantly enhanced stress-induced corticosterone secretion, while no significant effect was observed in the CeA. Statistical significance is indicated by asterisks (* p < .05).

#	Section	Preview
0	Introduction	The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis governs the neuroendocrine adrenocortical response to…
1	Introduction	nuclei recruit the HPA axis directly, while “psychological” stressors elicit a neuroendocrine…
2	Introduction	Recent data indicate that the endocannabinoid system negatively regulates the neuroendocrine…
3	Introduction	At a systems level, genetic or pharmacological disruption of endocannabinoid signaling increases CRH…
4	Methods — Subjects	Seventy day old male Sprague-Dawley rats (300 g; University of British Columbia Breeding Center)…
5	Methods — Biochemical Studies	For biochemical studies, animals were randomly assigned to either basal or stress conditions. For…
6	Methods — Membrane Preparation	Brain sections were homogenized in 10 volumes of TME buffer (50 mM Tris HCl, pH 7.4; 1 mM EDTA and 3…
7	Methods — CB1 Receptor Radioligand Binding Assay	CB1 receptor radioligand binding was performed using a Multiscreen Filtration System with Durapore…
8	Methods — CB1 Receptor-mediated GTPγS Binding Assay	The assay for [35S]GTPγS binding was performed as previously described by Kearn et al. (1999).…
9	Methods — Fatty Acid Amide Hydrolase (FAAH) Activity Assay	FAAH activity was measured as the conversion of AEA labeled with [3H] in the ethanolamine portion of…
10	Methods — Endocannabinoid Extraction and Analysis	Brain regions were subjected to a lipid extraction process as described previously (Patel et al.,…
11	Methods — Radioimmunoassay of Serum Corticosterone	Following collection, blood was allowed to settle for 1 h prior to centrifugation. Samples were…
12	Methods — Microinjection Studies	For microinjection studies, animals were subjected to stereotaxic surgery. Rats were anesthetized…
13	Methods — Microinjection Studies	Animals received bilateral infusions of either the CB1 receptor agonist HU-210 (2.5 μg), the CB1…
14	Methods — Microinjection Studies	Following infusions, animals were returned to their home cages. For stress induction, animals in…
15	Methods — Statistics	Analyses of the effects of restraint stress on the tissue contents of AEA and 2-AG, CB1 receptor…
16	Results — Psychological stress dampens endocannabinoid signaling within the amygdala	Restraint stress resulted in a significant reduction in tissue content of AEA within the amygdala [t…
17	Results — Psychological stress dampens endocannabinoid signaling within the amygdala	Exposure of rodents to 30 min of restraint stress did not significantly affect the maximal binding…
18	Results — Suppression of AEA/CB1 receptor signaling within the basolateral amygdala complex contributes to stress-induced activation of the HPA axis	As anticipated, restraint stress increased serum corticosterone levels [t (18) = 20.7, p < 0.001;…
19	Results — Suppression of AEA/CB1 receptor signaling within the basolateral amygdala complex contributes to stress-induced activation of the HPA axis	To further explore the relationship between amygdalar FAAH activity, AEA content and serum…

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In this knowledge base

Title	Year	PMID
Monoacylglycerol lipase (MGLL) polymorphism rs604300 interacts with childhood adversity to predict cannabis dependence symptoms and amygdala habituation: Evidence from an endocannabinoid system-level analysis.	2015	26595473
Amygdala FAAH and anandamide: mediating protection and recovery from stress.	2013	24325918
Endocannabinoid signaling in the amygdala: anatomy, synaptic signaling, behavior, and adaptations to stress.	2012	21884761
Involvement of the endocannabinoid system in the neurobehavioural effects of stress and glucocorticoids.	2010	19903506

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Characterization of cerebral cortical endocannabinoid levels in a rat inguinal surgery model using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS).	Ita M et al.	—	2022	→
Disruption of Tonic Endocannabinoid Signaling Triggers the Generation of a Stress Response	Petrie GN et al.	—	2022	—
Dose Optimization of Anxiolytic Compounds Group in <i>Valeriana jatamansi</i> Jones and Mechanism Exploration by Integrating Network Pharmacology and Metabolomics Analysis.	Zhao C et al.	—	2022	→
Fatty acid amide hydrolase levels in brain linked with threat-related amygdala activation.	Green DG et al.	—	2022	→
Imaging the endocannabinoid signaling system.	Dudok B et al.	—	2022	→
Interactions of Noradrenergic, Glucocorticoid and Endocannabinoid Systems Intensify and Generalize Fear Memory Traces.	Gazarini L et al.	—	2022	→
Lipid endocannabinoids in energy metabolism, stress and developmental programming.	Almeida MM et al.	—	2022	→
Molecular Alterations of the Endocannabinoid System in Psychiatric Disorders.	Navarro D et al.	—	2022	→
Roles of the Cannabinoid System in the Basal Ganglia in Parkinson's Disease.	Wang M et al.	—	2022	→
Sex and stressor modality influence acute stress-induced dynamic changes in corticolimbic endocannabinoid levels in adult Sprague Dawley rats.	Vecchiarelli HA et al.	—	2022	→
Targeting the cannabinoid system to counteract the deleterious effects of stress in Alzheimer's disease.	Shade RD et al.	—	2022	→
Targeting the Endocannabinoid System in the Treatment of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: A Promising Case of Preclinical-Clinical Translation?	Mayo LM et al.	—	2022	→
The effects of cannabis and cannabinoids on the endocrine system.	Meah F et al.	—	2022	→
The endocannabinoid system in social anxiety disorder: from pathophysiology to novel therapeutics.	Ahmed M et al.	—	2022	→
Amygdalar endocannabinoids are affected by predator odor stress in a sex-specific manner and modulate acoustic startle reactivity in female rats.	Albrechet-Souza L et al.	—	2021	→
Associations Among Parental Caregiving Quality, Cannabinoid Receptor 1 Expression-Based Polygenic Scores, and Infant-Parent Attachment: Evidence for Differential Genetic Susceptibility?	Potter-Dickey A et al.	—	2021	→
Basolateral amygdala CB1 receptors gate HPA axis activation and context-cocaine memory strength during reconsolidation.	Higginbotham JA et al.	—	2021	→
Cannabis use and posttraumatic stress disorder comorbidity: Epidemiology, biology and the potential for novel treatment approaches.	Kondev V et al.	—	2021	→
CB1R activation in nucleus accumbens core promotes stress-induced reinstatement of cocaine seeking by elevating extracellular glutamate in a drug-paired context.	Guzman AS et al.	—	2021	→
CB1 receptors in corticotropin-releasing factor neurons selectively control the acoustic startle response in male mice.	Ruat J et al.	—	2021	→
Circulating endocannabinoids and prospective risk for depression in trauma-injury survivors.	Fitzgerald JM et al.	—	2021	→
Comorbid anxiety-like behavior in a rat model of colitis is mediated by an upregulation of corticolimbic fatty acid amide hydrolase.	Vecchiarelli HA et al.	—	2021	→
Depolarization-initiated endogenous cannabinoid release and underlying retrograde neurotransmission in interneurons of amygdala.	Kodirov SA et al.	—	2021	→
Fatty acid amide hydrolase binding is inversely correlated with amygdalar functional connectivity: a combined positron emission tomography and magnetic resonance imaging study in healthy individuals.	Green DGJ et al.	—	2021	→
Gabapentin attenuates somatic signs of precipitated THC withdrawal in mice.	Eckard ML et al.	—	2021	→
HPA Axis in the Pathomechanism of Depression and Schizophrenia: New Therapeutic Strategies Based on Its Participation.	Mikulska J et al.	—	2021	→
Peripheral endocannabinoid serum level in association with repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) treatment in patients with major depressive disorder.	Lazary J et al.	—	2021	→
The endocannabinoid system in the amygdala and modulation of fear.	Gunduz-Cinar O	—	2021	→
The role of endocannabinoid system and TRPV1 receptors in the antidepressant and anxiolytic effects of dipyrone in chronic unpredictable mild stress in mice.	Topuz RD et al.	—	2021	→
Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) produce anti-anxiety response in acute stress exposure rats via activation of amygdala CB1R.	Fang G et al.	—	2021	→
Traumatic Brain Injury and Alcohol Drinking Alter Basolateral Amygdala Endocannabinoids in Female Rats.	Stielper ZF et al.	—	2021	→
Traumatic Stress, Chronic Ethanol Exposure, or the Combination, Alter Cannabinoid System Components in Reward and Limbic Regions of the Mouse Brain.	Piggott VM et al.	—	2021	→
2-Arachidonoylglycerol Modulation of Anxiety and Stress Adaptation: From Grass Roots to Novel Therapeutics.	Bedse G et al.	—	2020	→
A Systematic Review of Essential Oils and the Endocannabinoid System: A Connection Worthy of Further Exploration.	Johnson SA et al.	—	2020	→
Blood endocannabinoid levels in patients with panic disorder.	Petrowski K et al.	—	2020	→
Brain Amygdala Volume Increases in Veterans and Active-Duty Military Personnel With Combat-Related Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and Mild Traumatic Brain Injury.	Pieper J et al.	—	2020	→
Cannabinoid Hyperemesis Syndrome: A Review of Potential Mechanisms.	DeVuono MV et al.	—	2020	→
Cannabinoid receptor CNR1 expression and DNA methylation in human prefrontal cortex, hippocampus and caudate in brain development and schizophrenia.	Tao R et al.	—	2020	→
Cannabinoids as therapeutics for PTSD.	Sbarski B et al.	—	2020	→
Cannabis and the Developing Adolescent Brain.	Fischer AS et al.	—	2020	→
Discovery of a NAPE-PLD inhibitor that modulates emotional behavior in mice.	Mock ED et al.	—	2020	→
Elevated Anandamide, Enhanced Recall of Fear Extinction, and Attenuated Stress Responses Following Inhibition of Fatty Acid Amide Hydrolase: A Randomized, Controlled Experimental Medicine Trial.	Mayo LM et al.	—	2020	→
Endocannabinoid Receptors in the CNS: Potential Drug Targets for the Prevention and Treatment of Neurologic and Psychiatric Disorders.	Estrada JA et al.	—	2020	→
Endocannabinoid Signaling Collapse Mediates Stress-Induced Amygdalo-Cortical Strengthening.	Marcus DJ et al.	—	2020	→
Hippocampal 2-Arachidonoyl Glycerol Signaling Regulates Time-of-Day- and Stress-Dependent Effects on Rat Short-Term Memory.	Santori A et al.	—	2020	→
Potential application of endocannabinoid system agents in neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative diseases-focusing on FAAH/MAGL inhibitors.	Ren SY et al.	—	2020	→
Protective effects of elevated anandamide on stress and fear-related behaviors: translational evidence from humans and mice.	Mayo LM et al.	—	2020	→
Remote CB1 receptor antagonist administration reveals multiple sites of tonic and phasic endocannabinoid neuroendocrine regulation.	Newsom RJ et al.	—	2020	→
Stress-induced modulation of endocannabinoid signaling leads to delayed strengthening of synaptic connectivity in the amygdala.	Yasmin F et al.	—	2020	→
Cannabinoid interventions for PTSD: Where to next?	Ney LJ et al.	—	2019	→
Endocannabinoids and Fear-Related Behavior in Mice Selectively Bred for High or Low Alcohol Preference.	Kirchhoff AM et al.	—	2019	→
Endocannabinoid System Alterations in Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: A Review of Developmental and Accumulative Effects of Trauma.	Bassir Nia A et al.	—	2019	→
FAAH genotype, CRFR1 genotype, and cortisol interact to predict anxiety in an aging, rural Hispanic population: A Project FRONTIER study.	Harris BN et al.	—	2019	→
Integrating endocannabinoid signaling in the regulation of anxiety and depression.	Yin AQ et al.	—	2019	→
Non-Genetic Factors in Schizophrenia.	Stilo SA et al.	—	2019	→
Peripheral Biomarkers for First-Episode Psychosis-Opportunities from the Neuroinflammatory Hypothesis of Schizophrenia.	Trovão N et al.	—	2019	→
Stimulation of Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor-α by N-Palmitoylethanolamine Engages Allopregnanolone Biosynthesis to Modulate Emotional Behavior.	Locci A et al.	—	2019	→
The Endocannabinoid System of Animals.	Silver RJ	—	2019	→
Transcriptional regulation of the endocannabinoid system in a rat model of binge-eating behavior reveals a selective modulation of the hypothalamic fatty acid amide hydrolase gene.	Pucci M et al.	—	2019	→
Upregulation of Anandamide Hydrolysis in the Basolateral Complex of Amygdala Reduces Fear Memory Expression and Indices of Stress and Anxiety.	Morena M et al.	—	2019	→
Chronic treatment with URB597 ameliorates post-stress symptoms in a rat model of PTSD.	Fidelman S et al.	—	2018	→
Circulating Endocannabinoids: From Whence Do They Come and Where are They Going?	Hillard CJ	—	2018	→
Deficient endocannabinoid signaling in the central amygdala contributes to alcohol dependence-related anxiety-like behavior and excessive alcohol intake.	Serrano A et al.	—	2018	→
Effects of an early life experience on rat brain cannabinoid receptors in adolescence and adulthood.	Vangopoulou C et al.	—	2018	→
Endocannabinoid system, stress and HPA axis.	Micale V et al.	—	2018	→
Fatty acid binding protein deletion prevents stress-induced preference for cocaine and dampens stress-induced corticosterone levels.	Hamilton J et al.	—	2018	→
Inhibition of Fatty Acid Amide Hydrolase by PF-3845 Alleviates the Nitrergic and Proinflammatory Response in Rat Hippocampus Following Acute Stress.	Chen HC et al.	—	2018	→
Inhibition of fatty acid amide hydrolase in the central amygdala alleviates co-morbid expression of innate anxiety and excessive alcohol intake.	Stopponi S et al.	—	2018	→
Integrating Endocannabinoid Signaling and Cannabinoids into the Biology and Treatment of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder.	Hill MN et al.	—	2018	→
Modulation of the endocannabinoid system by sex hormones: Implications for posttraumatic stress disorder.	Ney LJ et al.	—	2018	→
Presynaptic mGluRs Control the Duration of Endocannabinoid-Mediated DSI.	Colmers PLW et al.	—	2018	→
Role for fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) in the leptin-mediated effects on feeding and energy balance.	Balsevich G et al.	—	2018	→
Role of endocannabinoids in the hippocampus and amygdala in emotional memory and plasticity.	Segev A et al.	—	2018	→
The Lateral Habenula Directs Coping Styles Under Conditions of Stress via Recruitment of the Endocannabinoid System.	Berger AL et al.	—	2018	→
The Role of the Endocannabinoid System and Genetic Variation in Adolescent Brain Development.	Meyer HC et al.	—	2018	→
Thoughts modulate the expression of inflammatory genes and may improve the coronary blood flow in patients after a myocardial infarction.	Dal Lin C et al.	—	2018	→
Cannabinoids prevent the differential long-term effects of exposure to severe stress on hippocampal- and amygdala-dependent memory and plasticity.	Shoshan N et al.	—	2017	→
Endocannabinoid dysregulation in cognitive and stress-related brain regions in the Nrg1 mouse model of schizophrenia.	Clarke DJ et al.	—	2017	→
Endocannabinoids: Effectors of glucocorticoid signaling.	Balsevich G et al.	—	2017	→
Endocannabinoid signaling and memory dynamics: A synaptic perspective.	Drumond A et al.	—	2017	→
Endocannabinoid signalling modulates susceptibility to traumatic stress exposure.	Bluett RJ et al.	—	2017	→
Functional Redundancy Between Canonical Endocannabinoid Signaling Systems in the Modulation of Anxiety.	Bedse G et al.	—	2017	→
Lifelong Nutritional Omega-3 Deficiency Evokes Depressive-Like State Through Soluble Beta Amyloid.	Morgese MG et al.	—	2017	→
PlanHab study: assessment of psycho-neuroendocrine function in male subjects during 21 d of normobaric hypoxia and bed rest.	Strewe C et al.	—	2017	→
Role of beta-catenin and endocannabinoids in the nucleus accumbens in extinction in rats exposed to shock and reminders.	Korem N et al.	—	2017	→
Seeing through the smoke: Human and animal studies of cannabis use and endocannabinoid signalling in corticolimbic networks.	Silveira MM et al.	—	2017	→
The effects of cannabinoid receptors activation and glucocorticoid receptors deactivation in the amygdala and hippocampus on the consolidation of a traumatic event.	Shoshan N et al.	—	2017	→
The effects of enhancing endocannabinoid signaling and blocking corticotrophin releasing factor receptor in the amygdala and hippocampus on the consolidation of a stressful event.	Aisenberg N et al.	—	2017	→
The Endocannabinoid System and Anxiety.	Lisboa SF et al.	—	2017	→
Trauma exposure relates to heightened stress, altered amygdala morphology and deficient extinction learning: Implications for psychopathology.	Cacciaglia R et al.	—	2017	→
Abnormalities in neuroendocrine stress response in psychosis: the role of endocannabinoids.	Appiah-Kusi E et al.	—	2016	→
Acute Stress Suppresses Synaptic Inhibition and Increases Anxiety via Endocannabinoid Release in the Basolateral Amygdala.	Di S et al.	—	2016	→
Cannabinoids and Glucocorticoids in the Basolateral Amygdala Modulate Hippocampal-Accumbens Plasticity After Stress.	Segev A et al.	—	2016	→
Cannabinoids and post-traumatic stress disorder: clinical and preclinical evidence for treatment and prevention.	Mizrachi Zer-Aviv T et al.	—	2016	→
Deficient adolescent social behavior following early-life inflammation is ameliorated by augmentation of anandamide signaling.	Doenni VM et al.	—	2016	→
Developmental regulation of fear learning and anxiety behavior by endocannabinoids.	Lee TT et al.	—	2016	→
Effects of Repeated Stress on Age-Dependent GABAergic Regulation of the Lateral Nucleus of the Amygdala.	Zhang W et al.	—	2016	→
Emotional arousal state influences the ability of amygdalar endocannabinoid signaling to modulate anxiety.	Morena M et al.	—	2016	→
Endocannabinoid Modulation of Predator Stress-Induced Long-Term Anxiety in Rats.	Lim J et al.	—	2016	→
Endocannabinoid Signaling and the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis.	Hillard CJ et al.	—	2016	→
Endocannabinoid signaling in social functioning: an RDoC perspective.	Karhson DS et al.	—	2016	→
FAAH Gene Variation Moderates Stress Response and Symptom Severity in Patients with Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and Comorbid Alcohol Dependence.	Spagnolo PA et al.	—	2016	→
Genetically reduced FAAH activity may be a risk for the development of anxiety and depression in persons with repetitive childhood trauma.	Lazary J et al.	—	2016	→
Inhibition of anandamide hydrolysis dampens the neuroendocrine response to stress in neonatal rats subjected to suboptimal rearing conditions.	McLaughlin RJ et al.	—	2016	→
Interactions Between Anandamide and Corticotropin-Releasing Factor Signaling Modulate Human Amygdala Function and Risk for Anxiety Disorders: An Imaging Genetics Strategy for Modeling Molecular Interactions.	Demers CH et al.	—	2016	→
Involvement of opioid system in antidepressant-like effect of the cannabinoid CB1 receptor inverse agonist AM-251 after physical stress in mice.	Ostadhadi S et al.	—	2016	→
Ketamine and MAG Lipase Inhibitor-Dependent Reversal of Evolving Depressive-Like Behavior During Forced Abstinence From Alcohol Drinking.	Holleran KM et al.	—	2016	→
Learning about stress: neural, endocrine and behavioral adaptations.	McCarty R	—	2016	→
Neuroanatomical correlates of individual differences in social anxiety in a non-clinical population.	Tian X et al.	—	2016	→
Neurobiological Interactions Between Stress and the Endocannabinoid System.	Morena M et al.	—	2016	→
Repeated forced swim stress differentially affects formalin-evoked nociceptive behaviour and the endocannabinoid system in stress normo-responsive and stress hyper-responsive rat strains.	Jennings EM et al.	—	2016	→
Sex differences in hippocampal response to endocannabinoids after exposure to severe stress.	Zer-Aviv TM et al.	—	2016	→
Social Stress and Psychosis Risk: Common Neurochemical Substrates?	Mizrahi R	—	2016	→
Studies of mice with cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) defects reveal the critical role of PKA's catalytic subunits in anxiety.	Briassoulis G et al.	—	2016	→
Sustained glucocorticoid exposure recruits cortico-limbic CRH signaling to modulate endocannabinoid function.	Gray JM et al.	—	2016	→
A systematic review of the antipsychotic properties of cannabidiol in humans.	Iseger TA et al.	—	2015	→
Chronic stress induces anxiety via an amygdalar intracellular cascade that impairs endocannabinoid signaling.	Qin Z et al.	—	2015	→
Corticotropin-releasing hormone drives anandamide hydrolysis in the amygdala to promote anxiety.	Gray JM et al.	—	2015	→
Disruption of peri-adolescent endocannabinoid signaling modulates adult neuroendocrine and behavioral responses to stress in male rats.	Lee TT et al.	—	2015	→
Endocannabinoid Regulation of Neuroendocrine Systems.	Tasker JG et al.	—	2015	→
Endocannabinoids and the Endocrine System in Health and Disease.	Hillard CJ	—	2015	→
Endocannabinoid Signaling in the Stress Response of Male and Female Songbirds.	Dickens MJ et al.	—	2015	→
High Times for Painful Blues: The Endocannabinoid System in Pain-Depression Comorbidity.	Fitzgibbon M et al.	—	2015	→
Inhibition of anandamide hydrolysis enhances noradrenergic and GABAergic transmission in the prefrontal cortex and basolateral amygdala of rats subjected to acute swim stress.	Bedse G et al.	—	2015	→
Inhibitors of Fatty Acid Amide Hydrolase and Monoacylglycerol Lipase: New Targets for Future Antidepressants.	Ogawa S et al.	—	2015	→
Monoacylglycerol lipase (MGLL) polymorphism rs604300 interacts with childhood adversity to predict cannabis dependence symptoms and amygdala habituation: Evidence from an endocannabinoid system-level analysis.	Carey CE et al.	—	2015	→
Role of the endocannabinoid system in the emotional manifestations of osteoarthritis pain.	La Porta C et al.	—	2015	→
Strain and sex differences in puberty onset and the effects of THC administration on weight gain and brain volumes.	Keeley RJ et al.	—	2015	→
The endocannabinoid system in guarding against fear, anxiety and stress.	Lutz B et al.	—	2015	→
Training-Associated Emotional Arousal Shapes Endocannabinoid Modulation of Spatial Memory Retrieval in Rats.	Morena M et al.	—	2015	→
A critical role for prefrontocortical endocannabinoid signaling in the regulation of stress and emotional behavior.	McLaughlin RJ et al.	—	2014	→
An Internet survey of marijuana and hot shower use in adults with cyclic vomiting syndrome (CVS).	Venkatesan T et al.	—	2014	→
Brain region-specific changes in N-acylethanolamine contents with time of day.	Liedhegner ES et al.	—	2014	→
Cannabinoid receptor activation prevents the effects of chronic mild stress on emotional learning and LTP in a rat model of depression.	Segev A et al.	—	2014	→
Cannabinoids prevent the effects of a footshock followed by situational reminders on emotional processing.	Korem N et al.	—	2014	→
Endocannabinoid signaling in hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical axis recovery following stress: effects of indirect agonists and comparison of male and female mice.	Roberts CJ et al.	—	2014	→
Endocannabinoid signaling in the etiology and treatment of major depressive illness.	Hillard CJ et al.	—	2014	→
Glucocorticoid actions on synapses, circuits, and behavior: implications for the energetics of stress.	Myers B et al.	—	2014	→
Role of the basolateral amygdala in mediating the effects of the fatty acid amide hydrolase inhibitor URB597 on HPA axis response to stress.	Bedse G et al.	—	2014	→
Stress-induced dopamine response in subjects at clinical high risk for schizophrenia with and without concurrent cannabis use.	Mizrahi R et al.	—	2014	→
Stress regulates endocannabinoid-CB1 receptor signaling.	Hillard CJ	—	2014	→
The role of cannabinoid transmission in emotional memory formation: implications for addiction and schizophrenia.	Tan H et al.	—	2014	→
Towards a personalized treatment in depression: endocannabinoids, inflammation and stress response.	Zajkowska ZE et al.	—	2014	→
Age of stress exposure modulates the immediate and sustained effects of repeated stress on corticolimbic cannabinoid CB₁ receptor binding in male rats.	Lee TT et al.	—	2013	→
Amygdala FAAH and anandamide: mediating protection and recovery from stress.	Gunduz-Cinar O et al.	—	2013	→
Cannabinoids and glucocorticoids modulate emotional memory after stress.	Akirav I	—	2013	→
Disruption of fatty acid amide hydrolase activity prevents the effects of chronic stress on anxiety and amygdalar microstructure.	Hill MN et al.	—	2013	→
Effects of single swim stress on changes in TRPV1-mediated plasticity in the amygdala.	Kulisch C et al.	—	2013	→
Emotional, endocrine and brain anandamide response to social challenge in infant male rats.	Marco EM et al.	—	2013	→
Monoacylglycerol lipase inhibition-induced changes in plasma corticosterone levels, anxiety and locomotor activity in male CD1 mice.	Aliczki M et al.	—	2013	→
Participation of endocannabinoids in rapid suppression of stress responses by glucocorticoids in neonates.	Buwembo A et al.	—	2013	→
Plasma concentrations of endocannabinoids and related primary fatty acid amides in patients with post-traumatic stress disorder.	Hauer D et al.	—	2013	→
Recent progress in understanding the pathophysiology of post-traumatic stress disorder: implications for targeted pharmacological treatment.	Bailey CR et al.	—	2013	→
Reductions in circulating endocannabinoid levels in individuals with post-traumatic stress disorder following exposure to the World Trade Center attacks.	Hill MN et al.	—	2013	→
The endocannabinoid system: a revolving plate in neuro-immune interaction in health and disease.	Tanasescu R et al.	—	2013	→
The volitional nature of nicotine exposure alters anandamide and oleoylethanolamide levels in the ventral tegmental area.	Buczynski MW et al.	—	2013	→
Translational evidence for the involvement of the endocannabinoid system in stress-related psychiatric illnesses.	Hill MN et al.	—	2013	→
Acute restraint stress enhances hippocampal endocannabinoid function via glucocorticoid receptor activation.	Wang M et al.	—	2012	→
Acute stress increases circulating anandamide and other N-acylethanolamines in healthy humans.	Dlugos A et al.	—	2012	→
Antagonism of cannabinoid 1 receptors reverses the anxiety-like behavior induced by central injections of corticotropin-releasing factor and cocaine withdrawal.	Kupferschmidt DA et al.	—	2012	→
Cannabinoid receptor involvement in stress-induced cocaine reinstatement: potential interaction with noradrenergic pathways.	Vaughn LK et al.	—	2012	→
Cannabinoid receptors activation and glucocorticoid receptors deactivation in the amygdala prevent the stress-induced enhancement of a negative learning experience.	Ramot A et al.	—	2012	→
Cannabinoid receptor type 1 antagonism significantly modulates basal and loud noise induced neural and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis responses in male Sprague-Dawley rats.	Newsom RJ et al.	—	2012	→
Cannabinoids prevent the development of behavioral and endocrine alterations in a rat model of intense stress.	Ganon-Elazar E et al.	—	2012	→
Circulating endocannabinoid concentrations and sexual arousal in women.	Klein C et al.	—	2012	→
Contributions of endocannabinoid signaling to psychiatric disorders in humans: genetic and biochemical evidence.	Hillard CJ et al.	—	2012	→
Dysfunction in fatty acid amide hydrolase is associated with depressive-like behavior in Wistar Kyoto rats.	Vinod KY et al.	—	2012	→
Endocannabinoid signaling, glucocorticoid-mediated negative feedback, and regulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis.	Hill MN et al.	—	2012	→
Endocannabinoid signaling in the amygdala: anatomy, synaptic signaling, behavior, and adaptations to stress.	Ramikie TS et al.	—	2012	→
N-arachidonoyl-serotonin in the basolateral amygdala increases anxiolytic behavior in the elevated plus maze.	John CS et al.	—	2012	→
Neuroanatomical substrates involved in cannabinoid modulation of defensive responses.	Moreira FA et al.	—	2012	→
Neuronal populations mediating the effects of endocannabinoids on stress and emotionality.	Häring M et al.	—	2012	→
Prefrontal cortical anandamide signaling coordinates coping responses to stress through a serotonergic pathway.	McLaughlin RJ et al.	—	2012	→
Stress hormones receptors in the amygdala mediate the effects of stress on the consolidation, but not the retrieval, of a non aversive spatial task.	Segev A et al.	—	2012	→
Swim stress differentially affects limbic contents of 2-arachidonoylglycerol and 2-oleoylglycerol.	Roberts CJ et al.	—	2012	→
The cannabinoid receptor CB₁ inverse agonist AM251 potentiates the anxiogenic activity of urocortin I in the basolateral amygdala.	Dono LM et al.	—	2012	→
Acute treatment with cannabinoid receptor agonist WIN55212.2 improves prepulse inhibition in psychosocially stressed mice.	Brzózka MM et al.	—	2011	→
Cb1 receptor-mediated signaling emerges as a novel lead to evidence-based treatment development for stress-related psychopathology.	Bailey CR et al.	—	2011	→
Corticosterone mediates reciprocal changes in CB 1 and TRPV1 receptors in primary sensory neurons in the chronically stressed rat.	Hong S et al.	—	2011	→
Early exposure to environmental enrichment alters the expression of genes of the endocannabinoid system.	El Rawas R et al.	—	2011	→
Endocannabinoid influence in drug reinforcement, dependence and addiction-related behaviors.	Serrano A et al.	—	2011	→
Endocannabinoid-mediated synaptic plasticity and addiction-related behavior.	Sidhpura N et al.	—	2011	→
Endocannabinoids and stress.	Riebe CJ et al.	—	2011	→
Enhancement of endocannabinoid signaling with JZL184, an inhibitor of the 2-arachidonoylglycerol hydrolyzing enzyme monoacylglycerol lipase, produces anxiolytic effects under conditions of high environmental aversiveness in rats.	Sciolino NR et al.	—	2011	→
Evaluation of the emotional phenotype and serotonergic neurotransmission of fatty acid amide hydrolase-deficient mice.	Cassano T et al.	—	2011	→
Mechanisms of rapid glucocorticoid feedback inhibition of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis.	Tasker JG et al.	—	2011	→
The basolateral amygdala regulates adaptation to stress via β-adrenergic receptor-mediated reductions in phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase.	Grissom NM et al.	—	2011	→
Activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis by addictive drugs: different pathways, common outcome.	Armario A	—	2010	→
Endogenous cannabinoid signaling is essential for stress adaptation.	Hill MN et al.	—	2010	→
Functional interactions between stress and the endocannabinoid system: from synaptic signaling to behavioral output.	Hill MN et al.	—	2010	→
Genetic deletion of fatty acid amide hydrolase alters emotional behavior and serotonergic transmission in the dorsal raphe, prefrontal cortex, and hippocampus.	Bambico FR et al.	—	2010	→
Involvement of the endocannabinoid system in the neurobehavioural effects of stress and glucocorticoids.	Hill MN et al.	—	2010	→
Male-female differences in the effects of cannabinoids on sexual behavior and gonadal hormone function.	Gorzalka BB et al.	—	2010	→
Preservation of striatal cannabinoid CB1 receptor function correlates with the antianxiety effects of fatty acid amide hydrolase inhibition.	Rossi S et al.	—	2010	→