Common SNPs explain some of the variation in the personality dimensions of neuroticism and extraversion.
paper
Cited
Public
- Authors
- Vinkhuyzen, A A E; Pedersen, N L; Yang, J; Lee, S H; Magnusson, P K E; Iacono, W G; McGue, M; Madden, P A F; Heath, A C; Luciano, M; Payton, A; Horan, M; Ollier, W; Pendleton, N; Deary, I J; Montgomery, G W; Martin, N G; Visscher, P M; Wray, N R
- Year
- 2012
- Journal
- Translational psychiatry
- PMID
- 22832902
- DOI
- 10.1038/tp.2012.27
- PMCID
- PMC3337075
The personality traits of neuroticism and extraversion are predictive of a number of social and behavioural outcomes and psychiatric disorders. Twin and family studies have reported moderate heritability estimates for both traits. Few associations have been reported between genetic variants and neuroticism/extraversion, but hardly any have been replicated. Moreover, the ones that have been replicated explain only a small proportion of the heritability (<~2%). Using genome-wide single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) data from ~12,000 unrelated individuals we estimated the proportion of phenotypic variance explained by variants in linkage disequilibrium with common SNPs as 0.06 (s.e. = 0.03) for neuroticism and 0.12 (s.e. = 0.03) for extraversion. In an additional series of analyses in a family-based sample, we show that while for both traits ~45% of the phenotypic variance can be explained by pedigree data (that is, expected genetic similarity) one third of this can be explained by SNP data (that is, realized genetic similarity). A part of the so-called 'missing heritability' has now been accounted for, but some of the reported heritability is still unexplained. Possible explanations for the remaining missing heritability are that: (i) rare variants that are not captured by common SNPs on current genotype platforms make a major contribution; and/ or (ii) the estimates of narrow sense heritability from twin and family studies are biased upwards, for example, by not properly accounting for nonadditive genetic factors and/or (common) environmental factors.
Proportion of variance explained by autosomal single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) for neuroticism (dark blue) and extraversion (light blue). Notes: all individuals included in the analyses have a pair-wise genetic similarity <0.025 except for the * marked in which no cutoff was made; the first 20 principal components (PC) were included as fixed effects in the model, except for the *** marked; error bars represent s.e.; PC; SNPs; UK and USA.**analyses based on 162 056 SNPs that were in common between all study cohorts; adjusted: estimate adjusted for imprecise LD between genotyped SNPs and causal variants for causal variants within the allelic frequency spectrum as genotyped SNPs, using the regression coefficient Ξ² from equation: (assuming c=0), where Ajk is the variance of the off-diagonal elements of the genetic similarity matrix, N is the number of SNPs used to calculate Ajk. The value of c depends on the minor allele frequency of the causal variants.44 Further details and statistics are provided in Supplementary Table S2. Abbreviations: SNPs, single-nucleotide polymorphisms; UK, United Kingdom; USA, United States of America.
Variance explained by each chromosome for neuroticism (a) and extraversion (b). Notes: equation corresponding to the linear regression line for neuroticism: y=8E-06x +0.0017 and extraversion: y=4E-05x +0.0011, where y is the variance explained by each of the chromosomes and x is the total length of the chromosome in mega bases (Mb); R2 corresponding to the regression equation for neuroticism: 0.0202 (P=0.460) and extraversion: 0.203 (P=0.035).
β Prev
21β36 of 36
No entities extracted from this document yet.
No uploaded files.
Not in any collection.
| Citation | PMID | DOI | Status |
|---|---|---|---|
| AlvergneAJokelaMLummaaVPersonality and reproductive success in a high-fertility human populationProc Natl Acad Sci USA201010711745117502053897410.1073/pnas.1001752107PMC2900694 | β | β | β |
| AminNSchuurMGusarevaESIsaacsAAulchenkoYSKirichenkoAVA genome-wide linkage study of individuals with high scores on NEO personality traitsMol Psychiatry2011doi:10.1038/mp.2011.9721826060 | β | β | β |
| BienvenuOJSamuelsJFCostaPTRetiIMEatonWWNestadtGAnxiety and depressive disorders and the five-factor model of personality: a higher- and lower-order personality trait investigation in a community sampleDepress Anxiety20042092971539021110.1002/da.20026 | β | β | β |
| BirleyAJGillespieNAHeathACSullivanPFBoomsmaDIMartinNGHeritability and nineteen-year stability of long and short EPQ-R Neuroticism scalesPers Individ Dif200640737747 | β | β | β |
| BouchardTJJrLoehlinJCGenes, evolution, and personalityBehav Genet2001312432731169959910.1023/a:1012294324713 | β | β | β |
| CalboliFCTozziFGalweyNWAntoniadesAMooserVPreisigMA genome-wide association study of neuroticism in a population-based samplePLoS One20105e115042063489210.1371/journal.pone.0011504PMC2901337 | β | β | β |
| CostaPMRR. Professional Manual: Revised NEO Personality Inventory (NEO-PI-R) and NEO Five-Factor-Inventory (NEO-FFI)Psychological Assessment Resources: Odessa FL1992 | β | β | β |
| CottonCHFlintJCampbellTGIs there an association between NPY and neuroticismNature2009458E6discussion E7.1934002110.1038/nature07927 | β | β | β |
| DaviesGTenesaAPaytonAYangJHarrisSELiewaldDGenome-wide association studies establish that human intelligence is highly heritable and polygenicMol Psychiatry20111699610052182606110.1038/mp.2011.85PMC3182557 | β | β | β |
| de MoorMHCostaPTTerraccianoAKruegerRFde GeusEJToshikoTMeta-analysis of genome-wide association studies for personalityMol Psychiatry2010173373492117377610.1038/mp.2010.128PMC3785122 | β | β | β |
| DickDMAlievFWangJCGruczaRASchuckitMKupermanSUsing dimensional models of externalizing psychopathology to aid in gene identificationArch Gen Psychiatry2008653103181831667710.1001/archpsyc.65.3.310 | β | β | β |
| DistelMATrullTJWillemsenGVinkJMDeromCALynskeyMThe five-factor model of personality and borderline personality disorder: a genetic analysis of comorbidityBiol Psychiatry200966113111381974808110.1016/j.biopsych.2009.07.017 | β | β | β |
| EavesLEysenckHThe nature of extraversion: a genetical analysisJ Pers Soc Psychol197532102112123949910.1037/h0076862 | β | β | β |
| EavesLHeathAMartinNMaesHNealeMKendlerKComparing the biological and cultural inheritance of personality and social attitudes in the Virginia 30 000 study of twins and their relativesTwin Res1999262801048074110.1375/136905299320565933 | β | β | β |
| EavesLJHeathACNealeMCHewittJKMartinNGSex differences and non-additivity in the effects of genes on personalityTwin Res199811311371005133710.1375/136905298320566267 | β | β | β |
| EavesLJMartinNGHeathACHewittJKNealeMCPersonality and reproductive fitnessBehav Genet199020563568228854610.1007/BF01065872 | β | β | β |
| EysenckHJEysenckSBGManual ofthe Eysenck Personality QuestionnaireHodder & Stoughton: London1975 | β | β | β |
| FanousAGardnerCOPrescottCACancroRKendlerKSNeuroticism, major depression and gender: a population-based twin studyPsychol Med2002327197281210238610.1017/s003329170200541x | β | β | β |
| FinkelDMcGueMSex differences and nonadditivity in heritability of the Multidimensional Personality Questionnaire ScalesJ Pers Soc Psychol199772929938910870510.1037//0022-3514.72.4.929 | β | β | β |
| Floderus-MyrhedBPedersenNRasmusonIAssessment of heritability for personality, based on a short-form of the Eysenck Personality Inventory: a study of 12 898 twin pairsBehav Genet198010153162719403510.1007/BF01066265 | β | β | β |
| FullertonJCubinMTiwariHWangCBomhraADavidsonSLinkage analysis of extremely discordant and concordant sibling pairs identifies quantitative-trait loci that influence variation in the human personality trait neuroticismAm J Hum Genet2003728798901261286410.1086/374178PMC1180351 | β | β | β |
| GillespieNACloningerCRHeathACMartinNGThe genetic and environmental relationship between Cloninger's dimensions of temperament and characterPers Individ Dif2003351510.1016/S0191-8869(03)00042-4PMC444813626028794 | β | β | β |
| GillespieNAZhuGEvansDMMedlandSEWrightMJMartinNGA genome-wide scan for Eysenckian personality dimensions in adolescent twin sibships: psychoticism, extraversion, neuroticism, and lieJ Pers200876141514461901265410.1111/j.1467-6494.2008.00527.x | β | β | β |
| HettemaJMNealeMCMyersJMPrescottCAKendlerKSA population-based twin study of the relationship between neuroticism and internalizing disordersAm J Psychiatry20061638578641664832710.1176/ajp.2006.163.5.857 | β | β | β |
| HillWGGoddardMEVisscherPMData and theory point to mainly additive genetic variance for complex traitsPLoS Genet20084e10000081845419410.1371/journal.pgen.1000008PMC2265475 | β | β | β |
| JohnsonAMVernonPAFeilerARBehavioral genetic studies of personality: An introduction and review of the results of 50+ years of researchIn: Boyle G, Matthews G, Saklofske D (eds).Handbook of personality theory and assessmentSage: London2008145173 | β | β | β |
| JuhaszGChaseDPeggEDowneyDTothZGStonesKCNR1 gene is associated with high neuroticism and low agreeableness and interacts with recent negative life events to predict current depressive symptomsNeuropsychopharmacology200934201920271924240810.1038/npp.2009.19 | β | β | β |
| KangHMSulJHServiceSKZaitlenNAKongSYFreimerNBVariance component model to account for sample structure in genome-wide association studiesNat Genet2010423483542020853310.1038/ng.548PMC3092069 | β | β | β |
| KellerMCCoventryWLHeathACMartinNGWidespread evidence for non-additive genetic variation in Cloninger's and Eysenck's personality dimensions using a twin plus sibling designBehav Genet2005357077211627332110.1007/s10519-005-6041-7 | β | β | β |
| KuoPHNealeMCRileyBPPattersonDGWalshDPrescottCAA genome-wide linkage analysis for the personality trait neuroticism in the Irish affected sib-pair study of alcohol dependenceAm J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet2007144B4634681742720310.1002/ajmg.b.30478 | β | β | β |
| LakeRIEavesLJMaesHHHeathACMartinNGFurther evidence against the environmental transmission of individual differences in neuroticism from a collaborative study of 45 850 twins and relatives on two continentsBehav Genet2000302232331110539610.1023/a:1001918408984 | β | β | β |
| LeeSHWrayNRGoddardMEVisscherPMEstimating missing heritability for disease from genome-wide association studiesAm J Hum Genet2011882943052137630110.1016/j.ajhg.2011.02.002PMC3059431 | β | β | β |
| LoehlinJCMedlandSEMontgomeryGWMartinNGEysencks Psychoticism and the X-linked androgen receptor gene CAG polymorphism in additional Australian samplesPers Individ Dif2005397 | β | β | β |
| LoehlinJMcCraeRRCostaPTJohnOPHeritabilities of common and measure-specific components of the big five personality factorsJ Res Pers198832431453 | β | β | β |
| MaherBPersonal genomes: The case of the missing heritabilityNature200845618211898770910.1038/456018a | β | β | β |
| ManolioTACollinsFSCoxNJGoldsteinDBHindorffLAHunterDJFinding the missing heritability of complex diseasesNature20094617477531981266610.1038/nature08494PMC2831613 | β | β | β |
| MiddeldorpCMCathDCVan DyckRBoomsmaDIThe co-morbidity of anxiety and depression in the perspective of genetic epidemiology. A review of twin and family studiesPsychol Med2005356116241591833810.1017/s003329170400412x | β | β | β |
| MunafoMRClarkTGMooreLRPayneEWaltonRFlintJGenetic polymorphisms and personality in healthy adults: a systematic review and meta-analysisMol Psychiatry200384714841280842710.1038/sj.mp.4001326 | β | β | β |
| NashMWHuezo-DiazPWilliamsonRJSterneAPurcellSHodaFGenome-wide linkage analysis of a composite index of neuroticism and mood-related scales in extreme selected sibshipsHum Mol Genet200413217321821535177410.1093/hmg/ddh239 | β | β | β |
| NealeBMSullivanPFKendlerKSA genome scan of neuroticism in nicotine dependent smokersAm J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet2005132B65691538975410.1002/ajmg.b.30095 | β | β | β |
| PatersonADSunoharaGAKennedyJLDopamine D4 receptor gene: novelty or nonsenseNeuropsychopharmacology1999213161037951510.1016/S0893-133X(98)00115-8 | β | β | β |
| PedersenNLPlominRMcClearnGEFribergLNeuroticism, extraversion, and related traits in adult twins reared apart and reared togetherJ Pers Soc Psychol198855950957321628910.1037//0022-3514.55.6.950 | β | β | β |
| RettewDCRebollo-MesaIHudziakJJWillemsenGBoomsmaDINon-additive and additive genetic effects on extraversion in 3314 Dutch adolescent twins and their parentsBehav Genet2008382232331824001410.1007/s10519-008-9192-5PMC3319035 | β | β | β |
| RettewDCVinkJMWillemsenGDoyleAHudziakJJBoomsmaDIThe genetic architecture of neuroticism in 3301 Dutch adolescent twins as a function of age and sex: a study from the Dutch twin registerTwin Res Hum Genet2006924291661146410.1375/183242706776403028PMC3319038 | β | β | β |
| SamuelDBWidigerTAA meta-analytic review of the relationships between the five-factor model and DSM-IV-TR personality disorders: a facet level analysisClin Psychol Rev200828132613421870827410.1016/j.cpr.2008.07.002PMC2614445 | β | β | β |
| SaulsmanLMPageACThe five-factor model and personality disorder empirical literature: A meta-analytic reviewClin Psychol Rev200423105510851472942310.1016/j.cpr.2002.09.001 | β | β | β |
| SchinkaJABuschRMRobichaux-KeeneNA meta-analysis of the association between the serotonin transporter gene polymorphism (5-HTTLPR) and trait anxietyMol Psychiatry200491972021496647810.1038/sj.mp.4001405 | β | β | β |
| SenSBurmeisterMGhoshDMeta-analysis of the association between a serotonin transporter promoter polymorphism (5-HTTLPR) and anxiety-related personality traitsAm J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet2004127B85891510818710.1002/ajmg.b.20158 | β | β | β |
| TellegenALykkenDTBouchardTJJrWilcoxKJSegalNLRichSPersonality similarity in twins reared apart and togetherJ Pers Soc Psychol19885410311039339786210.1037//0022-3514.54.6.1031 | β | β | β |
| TellegenAWallerNGExploring personality through test construction: development of the multidimensional personality questionnaireIn: Boyle GJ, Matthews G, Saklofske DH (eds).The SAGE Handbook of Personality Theory and Assessment: Vol. 2. Personality Measurement and TestingSage: London2008261292 | β | β | β |
| TerraccianoALockenhoffCEZondermanABFerrucciLCostaPTJrPersonality predictors of longevity: activity, emotional stability, and conscientiousnessPsychosom Med2008706216271859625010.1097/PSY.0b013e31817b9371PMC2505356 | β | β | β |
| TerraccianoASannaSUdaMDeianaBUsalaGBusoneroFGenome-wide association scan for five major dimensions of personalityMol Psychiatry2010156476561895794110.1038/mp.2008.113PMC2874623 | β | β | β |
| van den OordEJKuoPHHartmannAMWebbBTMollerHJHettemaJMGenomewide association analysis followed by a replication study implicates a novel candidate gene for neuroticismArch Gen Psychiatry200865106210711876259210.1001/archpsyc.65.9.1062 | β | β | β |
| van der SluisSVerhageMPosthumaDDolanCVPhenotypic complexity, measurement bias, and poor phenotypic resolution contribute to the missing heritability problem in genetic association studiesPLoS One20105e139292108566610.1371/journal.pone.0013929PMC2978099 | β | β | β |
| VerweijKJHYangJLahtiJVeijolaJHintsanenMPulkki-RΓ₯backLMaintenance of genetic variation in personality: Estimating heritability due to common causal variants and investigating the effect of inbreedingEvolution2012(in press).10.1111/j.1558-5646.2012.01679.xPMC351892023025612 | β | β | β |
| VerweijKJZietschBPMedlandSEGordonSDBenyaminBNyholtDRA genome-wide association study of Cloninger's temperament scales: implications for the evolutionary genetics of personalityBiol Psychol2010853063172069124710.1016/j.biopsycho.2010.07.018PMC2963646 | β | β | β |
| VisscherPMMacgregorSBenyaminBZhuGGordonSMedlandSGenome partitioning of genetic variation for height from 11 214 sibling pairsAm J Hum Genet200781110411101792435010.1086/522934PMC2265649 | β | β | β |
| VisscherPMMedlandSEFerreiraMAMorleyKIZhuGCornesBKAssumption-free estimation of heritability from genome-wide identity-by-descent sharing between full siblingsPLoS Genet20062e411656574610.1371/journal.pgen.0020041PMC1413498 | β | β | β |
| VisscherPMYangJGoddardMEA commentary on βcommon SNPs explain a large proportion of the heritability for human height' by Yang et al. (2010)Twin Res Hum Genet2010135175242114292810.1375/twin.13.6.517 | β | β | β |
| WrayNRAllele frequencies and the r2 measure of linkage disequilibrium: impact on design and interpretation of association studiesTwin Res Hum Genet2005887941590147010.1375/1832427053738827 | β | β | β |
| WrayNRBirleyAJSullivanPFVisscherPMMartinNGGenetic and phenotypic stability of measures of neuroticism over 22 yearsTwin Res Hum Genet2007106957021790310910.1375/twin.10.5.695 | β | β | β |
| WrayNRMiddeldorpCMBirleyAJGordonSDSullivanPFVisscherPMGenome-wide linkage analysis of multiple measures of neuroticism of 2 large cohorts from Australia and the NetherlandsArch Gen Psychiatry2008656496581851982310.1001/archpsyc.65.6.649PMC3912824 | β | β | β |
| WrayNRPergadiaMLBlackwoodDHPenninxBWGordonSDNyholtDRGenome-wide association study of major depressive disorder: new results, meta-analysis, and lessons learnedMol Psychiatry2012171310.1038/mp.2010.109PMC325261121042317 | β | β | β |
| YangJBenyaminBMcEvoyBPGordonSHendersAKNyholtDRCommon SNPs explain a large proportion of the heritability for human heightNat Genet2010425655692056287510.1038/ng.608PMC3232052 | β | β | β |
| YangJLeeSHGoddardMEVisscherPMGCTA: a tool for genome-wide complex trait analysisAm J Hum Genet20118876822116746810.1016/j.ajhg.2010.11.011PMC3014363 | β | β | β |
| YangJManolioTAPasqualeLRBoerwinkleECaporasoNCunninghamJMGenome partitioning of genetic variation for complex traits using common SNPsNat Genet2011435195252155226310.1038/ng.823PMC4295936 | β | β | β |
| ZhouZZhuGHaririAREnochMAScottDSinhaRGenetic variation in human NPY expression affects stress response and emotionNature200845299710011838567310.1038/nature06858PMC2715959 | β | β | β |
In this knowledge base
External
| Title | Authors | Journal | Year | Link |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Exploring the novel SNPs in neuroticism and birth weight based on GWAS datasets. | Zhou XY et al. | β | 2023 | β |
| Genetic variation in chromatin state across multiple tissues in Drosophila melanogaster. | Huynh K et al. | β | 2023 | β |
| Sex-Specific Genetic and Transcriptomic Liability to Neuroticism. | Wendt FR et al. | β | 2023 | β |
| Association of COMT, BDNF and 5-HTT functional polymorphisms with personality characteristics. | Tommasi M et al. | β | 2021 | β |
| Autosomal recessive loci contribute significantly to quantitative variation of male fertility in a dairy cattle population. | Hiltpold M et al. | β | 2021 | β |
| Exploring the Genetic Underpinnings of Aggression in <i>Drosophila melanogaster</i>. | Takemori T | β | 2021 | β |
| Genetic predictors of educational attainment and intelligence test performance predict voter turnout. | AarΓΈe L et al. | β | 2021 | β |
| Putting Psychology to the Test: Rethinking Model Evaluation Through Benchmarking and Prediction. | Rocca R et al. | β | 2021 | β |
| The Differential Heritability of Social Adjustment by Sex. | Hayashi C et al. | β | 2021 | β |
| The influence of X chromosome variants on trait neuroticism. | Luciano M et al. | β | 2021 | β |
| Evaluation of the Genetic Variance of Alzheimer's Disease Explained by the Disease-Associated Chromosomal Regions. | Nazarian A et al. | β | 2019 | β |
| Gene and environment interplay in cognition: Evidence from twin and molecular studies, future directions and suggestions for effective candidate gene x environment (cGxE) research. | Hasan A et al. | β | 2019 | β |
| Heritability estimates of individual psychological distress symptoms from genetic variation. | Kim S et al. | β | 2019 | β |
| Personality characteristics below facets: A replication and meta-analysis of cross-rater agreement, rank-order stability, heritability, and utility of personality nuances. | MΓ΅ttus R et al. | β | 2019 | β |
| The complex genetics and biology of human temperament: a review of traditional concepts in relation to new molecular findings. | Cloninger CR et al. | β | 2019 | β |
| The Genome-Wide Study of Human Social Behavior and Its Application in Sociology. | Tanksley PT et al. | β | 2019 | β |
| Genetics of biologically based psychological differences. | Sallis H et al. | β | 2018 | β |
| Genomic analysis of family data reveals additional genetic effects on intelligence and personality. | Hill WD et al. | β | 2018 | β |
| High anxiety trait: A vulnerable phenotype for stress-induced depression. | Weger M et al. | β | 2018 | β |
| RASopathies are associated with a distinct personality profile. | Bizaoui V et al. | β | 2018 | β |
| Resting-state functional brain connectivity best predicts the personality dimension of openness to experience. | Dubois J et al. | β | 2018 | β |
| Sociogenomics in the 21<sup>st</sup> Century: An Introduction to the History and Potential of Genetically-informed Social Science. | Braudt DB | β | 2018 | β |
| The genetics of human personality. | Sanchez-Roige S et al. | β | 2018 | β |
| Childhood behaviour problems show the greatest gap between DNA-based and twin heritability. | Cheesman R et al. | β | 2017 | β |
| Comparison of methods that use whole genome data to estimate the heritability and genetic architecture of complex traits | Evans LM et al. | β | 2017 | β |
| Educational Attainment and Personality Are Genetically Intertwined. | MΓ΅ttus R et al. | β | 2017 | β |
| Markers of Psychological Differences and Social and Health Inequalities: Possible Genetic and Phenotypic Overlaps. | MΓ΅ttus R et al. | β | 2017 | β |
| Monoamine Oxidase A (<i>MAOA</i>) Gene and Personality Traits from Late Adolescence through Early Adulthood: A Latent Variable Investigation. | Xu MK et al. | β | 2017 | β |
| Neuroticism-related personality traits are associated with posttraumatic stress after abortion: findings from a Swedish multi-center cohort study. | Wallin Lundell I et al. | β | 2017 | β |
| Smoking Status and the Five-Factor Model of Personality: Results of a Cross-Sectional Study Conducted in Poland. | Buczkowski K et al. | β | 2017 | β |
| SNP-Based Heritability Estimates of Common and Specific Variance in Self- and Informant-Reported Neuroticism Scales. | Realo A et al. | β | 2017 | β |
| Estimating Telomere Length Heritability in an Unrelated Sample of Adults: Is Heritability of Telomere Length Modified by Life Course Socioeconomic Status? | Faul JD et al. | β | 2016 | β |
| Genome-wide analysis of over 106β000 individuals identifies 9 neuroticism-associated loci. | Smith DJ et al. | β | 2016 | β |
| Genome-Wide Estimates of Heritability for Social Demographic Outcomes. | Domingue BW et al. | β | 2016 | β |
| Meta-analysis of Genome-Wide Association Studies for Extraversion: Findings from the Genetics of Personality Consortium. | van den Berg SM et al. | β | 2016 | β |
| Opportunities and challenges of big data for the social sciences: The case of genomic data. | Liu H et al. | β | 2016 | β |
| SNP-based heritability estimates of the personality dimensions and polygenic prediction of both neuroticism and major depression: findings from CONVERGE. | Docherty AR et al. | β | 2016 | β |
| The Genetics of Stress-Related Disorders: PTSD, Depression, and Anxiety Disorders. | Smoller JW | β | 2016 | β |
| Top 10 Replicated Findings From Behavioral Genetics. | Plomin R et al. | β | 2016 | β |
| Comorbidity Among Dimensions of Childhood Psychopathology: Converging Evidence from Behavior Genetics. | Rhee SH et al. | β | 2015 | β |
| Direct Estimates of the Genomic Contributions to Blood Pressure Heritability within a Population-Based Cohort (ARIC). | Salfati E et al. | β | 2015 | β |
| Evolutionary behavioral genetics. | Zietsch BP et al. | β | 2015 | β |
| Gene by Social-Environment Interaction for Youth Delinquency and Violence: Thirty-Nine Aggression-related Genes. | Liu H et al. | β | 2015 | β |
| Genetics and intelligence differences: five special findings. | Plomin R et al. | β | 2015 | β |
| Heritability estimates of the Big Five personality traits based on common genetic variants. | Power RA et al. | β | 2015 | β |
| Human fertility, molecular genetics, and natural selection in modern societies. | Tropf FC et al. | β | 2015 | β |
| Meta-analysis of Genome-wide Association Studies for Neuroticism, and the Polygenic Association With Major Depressive Disorder. | Genetics of Personality Consortium et al. | β | 2015 | β |
| Shame and Guilt-Proneness in Adolescents: Gene-Environment Interactions. | SzentΓ‘gotai-TΔtar A et al. | β | 2015 | β |
| Biological pathways, candidate genes, and molecular markers associated with quality-of-life domains: an update. | Sprangers MA et al. | β | 2014 | β |
| DNA evidence for strong genetic stability and increasing heritability of intelligence from age 7 to 12. | Trzaskowski M et al. | β | 2014 | β |
| Gene-environment interaction. | Manuck SB et al. | β | 2014 | β |
| Genetic and environmental continuity in personality development: a meta-analysis. | Briley DA et al. | β | 2014 | β |
| Genome-wide association mapping including phenotypes from relatives without genotypes in a single-step (ssGWAS) for 6-week body weight in broiler chickens. | Wang H et al. | β | 2014 | β |
| Genome-wide association studies of suicidal behaviors: a review. | Sokolowski M et al. | β | 2014 | β |
| Genotype-environment correlation in the era of DNA. | Plomin R | β | 2014 | β |
| Interaction between infectious diseases and personality traits: ACP1*C as a potential mediator. | Napolioni V et al. | β | 2014 | β |
| Research review: Polygenic methods and their application to psychiatric traits. | Wray NR et al. | β | 2014 | β |
| The effect of paternal age on offspring intelligence and personality when controlling for paternal trait level. | Arslan RC et al. | β | 2014 | β |
| What can we learn from twin studies? A comprehensive evaluation of the equal environments assumption. | Felson J | β | 2014 | β |
| Why do we differ in number sense? Evidence from a genetically sensitive investigation. | Tosto MG et al. | β | 2014 | β |
| A genome-wide association study of behavioral disinhibition. | McGue M et al. | β | 2013 | β |
| Common DNA markers can account for more than half of the genetic influence on cognitive abilities. | Plomin R et al. | β | 2013 | β |
| DNA evidence for strong genome-wide pleiotropy of cognitive and learning abilities. | Trzaskowski M et al. | β | 2013 | β |
| Estimation and partition of heritability in human populations using whole-genome analysis methods. | Vinkhuyzen AA et al. | β | 2013 | β |
| First genome-wide association study on anxiety-related behaviours in childhood. | Trzaskowski M et al. | β | 2013 | β |
| Genetics of callous-unemotional behavior in children. | Viding E et al. | β | 2013 | β |
| Intelligence indexes generalist genes for cognitive abilities. | Trzaskowski M et al. | β | 2013 | β |
| Molecular genetics and subjective well-being. | Rietveld CA et al. | β | 2013 | β |
| No genetic influence for childhood behavior problems from DNA analysis. | Trzaskowski M et al. | β | 2013 | β |
| The future of genomics for developmentalists. | Plomin R et al. | β | 2013 | β |
| The genetic aetiology of cannabis use initiation: a meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies and a SNP-based heritability estimation. | Verweij KJ et al. | β | 2013 | β |
| The molecular genetic architecture of self-employment. | van der Loos MJ et al. | β | 2013 | β |
| Maintenance of genetic variation in human personality: testing evolutionary models by estimating heritability due to common causal variants and investigating the effect of distant inbreeding. | Verweij KJ et al. | β | 2012 | β |
| The genetic architecture of economic and political preferences. | Benjamin DJ et al. | β | 2012 | β |
| The Promises and Pitfalls of Genoeconomics* | Benjamin DJ et al. | β | 2012 | β |
| Understanding and predicting complex traits: knowledge from cattle. | Kemper KE et al. | β | 2012 | β |