A genome-wide association study of behavioral disinhibition.
- Authors
- McGue, Matt; Zhang, Yiwei; Miller, Michael B; Basu, Saonli; Vrieze, Scott; Hicks, Brian; Malone, Steve; Oetting, William S; Iacono, William G
- Year
- 2013
- Journal
- Behavior genetics
- PMID
- 23942779
- DOI
- 10.1007/s10519-013-9606-x
- PMCID
- PMC3886341
We report results from a genome wide association study (GWAS) of five quantitative indicators of behavioral disinhibition: nicotine, alcohol consumption, alcohol dependence, illicit drugs, and non-substance related behavioral disinhibition. The sample, consisting of 7,188 Caucasian individuals clustered in 2,300 nuclear families, was genotyped on over 520,000 SNP markers from Illumina's Human 660W-Quad Array. Analysis of individual SNP associations revealed only one marker-component phenotype association, between rs1868152 and illicit drugs, with a p value below the standard genome-wide threshold of 5 Γ 10(-8). Because we had analyzed five separate phenotypes, we do not consider this single association to be significant. However, we report 13 SNPs that were associated at p < 10(-5) for one phenotype and p < 10(-3) for at least two other phenotypes, which are potential candidates for future investigations of variants associated with general behavioral disinhibition. Biometric analysis of the twin and family data yielded estimates of additive heritability for the component phenotypes ranging from 49 to 70%, GCTA estimates of heritability for the same phenotypes ranged from 8 to 37%. Consequently, even though the common variants genotyped on the GWAS array appear in aggregate to account for a sizable proportion of heritable effects in multiple indicators of behavioral disinhibition, our data suggest that most of the additive heritability remains "missing".
GCTA estimate of the proportion of variance in the Alcohol Consumption factor accounted for by additive genetic effects as a function of the coefficient of genetic relatedness (GRM) threshold. Error bars demarcate plus/minus two standard errors from the estimates. The solid line gives the sample size upon which the corresponding GCTA estimate is based. When the GRM threshold hits .50, first-degree relative pairs are included in the analysis, and when it hits 1.0, monozygotic twin pairs are also included. The standard GCTA estimate is based on a GRM threshold of .025, which is highlighted in blue in the plot.
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