Estimating the proportion of variation in susceptibility to schizophrenia captured by common SNPs.
paper
Cited
Public
- Authors
- Lee, S Hong; DeCandia, Teresa R; Ripke, Stephan; Yang, Jian; Schizophrenia Psychiatric Genome-Wide Association Study Consortium (PGC-SCZ); International Schizophrenia Consortium (ISC); Molecular Genetics of Schizophrenia Collaboration (MGS); Sullivan, Patrick F; Goddard, Michael E; Keller, Matthew C; Visscher, Peter M; Wray, Naomi R
- Year
- 2012
- Journal
- Nature genetics
- PMID
- 22344220
- DOI
- 10.1038/ng.1108
- PMCID
- PMC3327879
Schizophrenia is a complex disorder caused by both genetic and environmental factors. Using 9,087 affected individuals, 12,171 controls and 915,354 imputed SNPs from the Schizophrenia Psychiatric Genome-Wide Association Study (GWAS) Consortium (PGC-SCZ), we estimate that 23% (s.e. = 1%) of variation in liability to schizophrenia is captured by SNPs. We show that a substantial proportion of this variation must be the result of common causal variants, that the variance explained by each chromosome is linearly related to its length (r = 0.89, P = 2.6 × 10(-8)), that the genetic basis of schizophrenia is the same in males and females, and that a disproportionate proportion of variation is attributable to a set of 2,725 genes expressed in the central nervous system (CNS; P = 7.6 × 10(-8)). These results are consistent with a polygenic genetic architecture and imply more individual SNP associations will be detected for this disease as sample size increases.
Genomic partitioning of schizophrenia. a) By chromosome: Estimated proportion of the variance in liability to schizophrenia explained bySNPs on individual chromosomes from a joint analysis of all chromosomes simultaneously or separate analyses for each chromosome The sum of the h2 is 0.23 for the joint analysis and 0.26 for the separate analyses. b) By annotation; the total variance explained by SNPs ( h2 ) in CNS+ genes, other genes and by those not in genes totals 0.23. Of this, a proportion 0.31 is attributed to SNPs in brain genes, which is greater than expected by chance (p = 7.6 × 10−8) given that the brain genes cover 0.20 of the length of the genome (Mb) and represent 0.21 of the SNP count (N SNPs). Error bars represent the 95% confidence intervals of the estimates. c) By MAF bin from analyses fitting MAF bins jointly or each separately d) By MAF bin compared to simulation under a rare variants only model. The variance explained by SNPs in each MAF bin (when MAF bins are fitted in separate analyses) as a proportion of the variance explained by all SNPs. Error bars represent 95% confidence intervals, for the simulations (right graph) these are calculated using the standard deviation across simulation replicates.
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| Functional Effects of Schizophrenia-Linked Genetic Variants on Intrinsic Single-Neuron Excitability: A Modeling Study. | Mäki-Marttunen T et al. | — | 2016 | → |
| Genetic architecture dissection by genome-wide association analysis reveals avian eggshell ultrastructure traits. | Duan Z et al. | — | 2016 | → |
| Genetic Variation in Schizophrenia Liability is Shared With Intellectual Ability and Brain Structure. | Bohlken MM et al. | — | 2016 | → |
| Genome-wide association analyses identify new risk variants and the genetic architecture of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. | van Rheenen W et al. | — | 2016 | → |
| Genome-wide association study reveals greater polygenic loading for schizophrenia in cases with a family history of illness. | Bigdeli TB et al. | — | 2016 | → |
| Genome-Wide Estimates of Heritability for Social Demographic Outcomes. | Domingue BW et al. | — | 2016 | → |
| Heritability of Recurrent Exertional Rhabdomyolysis in Standardbred and Thoroughbred Racehorses Derived From SNP Genotyping Data. | Norton EM et al. | — | 2016 | → |
| Identifying genetically driven clinical phenotypes using linear mixed models. | Mosley JD et al. | — | 2016 | → |
| Impact of polygenic schizophrenia-related risk and hippocampal volumes on the onset of psychosis. | Harrisberger F et al. | — | 2016 | → |
| Increased rare duplication burden genomewide in patients with treatment-resistant schizophrenia. | Martin AK et al. | — | 2016 | → |
| Leveraging Genomic Annotations and Pleiotropic Enrichment for Improved Replication Rates in Schizophrenia GWAS. | Wang Y et al. | — | 2016 | → |
| Limitations of GCTA as a solution to the missing heritability problem. | Krishna Kumar S et al. | — | 2016 | → |
| Major histocompatibility complex harbors widespread genotypic variability of non-additive risk of rheumatoid arthritis including epistasis. | Wei WH et al. | — | 2016 | → |
| Modeling psychiatric disorders with patient-derived iPSCs. | Wen Z et al. | — | 2016 | → |
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| Morphometricity as a measure of the neuroanatomical signature of a trait. | Sabuncu MR et al. | — | 2016 | → |
| Neurological dysfunctions associated with altered BACE1-dependent Neuregulin-1 signaling. | Hu X et al. | — | 2016 | → |
| New statistical approaches exploit the polygenic architecture of schizophrenia--implications for the underlying neurobiology. | Schork AJ et al. | — | 2016 | → |
| Opportunities and challenges of big data for the social sciences: The case of genomic data. | Liu H et al. | — | 2016 | → |
| Partitioning heritability analysis reveals a shared genetic basis of brain anatomy and schizophrenia. | Lee PH et al. | — | 2016 | → |
| Risk of psychiatric illness from advanced paternal age is not predominantly from de novo mutations. | Gratten J et al. | — | 2016 | → |
| Study of the tetraspanin 18 association with schizophrenia in a Han Chinese population. | Wu L et al. | — | 2016 | → |
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| The dysconnection hypothesis (2016). | Friston K et al. | — | 2016 | → |
| The role of protein intrinsic disorder in major psychiatric disorders. | Tovo-Rodrigues L et al. | — | 2016 | → |
| Uncovering the Genetic Architectures of Quantitative Traits. | Lee JJ et al. | — | 2016 | → |
| A critical assessment of the equal-environment assumption of the twin method for schizophrenia. | Fosse R et al. | — | 2015 | → |
| A Fast Method that Uses Polygenic Scores to Estimate the Variance Explained by Genome-wide Marker Panels and the Proportion of Variants Affecting a Trait. | Palla L et al. | — | 2015 | → |
| A joint history of the nature of genetic variation and the nature of schizophrenia. | Kendler KS | — | 2015 | → |
| A kernel machine method for detecting effects of interaction between multidimensional variable sets: an imaging genetics application. | Ge T et al. | — | 2015 | → |
| Analysis of t(9;17)(q33.2;q25.3) chromosomal breakpoint regions and genetic association reveals novel candidate genes for bipolar disorder. | Rajkumar AP et al. | — | 2015 | → |
| An Empirical Bayes Mixture Model for Effect Size Distributions in Genome-Wide Association Studies. | Thompson WK et al. | — | 2015 | → |
| Assessment of first and second degree relatives of individuals with bipolar disorder shows increased genetic risk scores in both affected relatives and young At-Risk Individuals. | Fullerton JM et al. | — | 2015 | → |
| Bioinformatic analyses and conceptual synthesis of evidence linking ZNF804A to risk for schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. | Hess JL et al. | — | 2015 | → |
| Common variants in the ARC gene are not associated with cognitive abilities. | Myrum C et al. | — | 2015 | → |
| Contrasting genetic architectures of schizophrenia and other complex diseases using fast variance-components analysis. | Loh PR et al. | — | 2015 | → |
| Copy number variations play important roles in heredity of common diseases: a novel method to calculate heritability of a polymorphism. | Nagao Y | — | 2015 | → |
| Direct Estimates of the Genomic Contributions to Blood Pressure Heritability within a Population-Based Cohort (ARIC). | Salfati E et al. | — | 2015 | → |
| Disproportionate Contributions of Select Genomic Compartments and Cell Types to Genetic Risk for Coronary Artery Disease. | Won HH et al. | — | 2015 | → |
| Effectiveness of shrinkage and variable selection methods for the prediction of complex human traits using data from distantly related individuals. | Berger S et al. | — | 2015 | → |
| Evidence of Mitochondrial Dysfunction within the Complex Genetic Etiology of Schizophrenia. | Hjelm BE et al. | — | 2015 | → |
| Evolutionary behavioral genetics. | Zietsch BP et al. | — | 2015 | → |
| Gene by Social-Environment Interaction for Youth Delinquency and Violence: Thirty-Nine Aggression-related Genes. | Liu H et al. | — | 2015 | → |
| Genes associated with RSV lower respiratory tract infection and asthma: the application of genetic epidemiological methods to understand causality. | Larkin EK et al. | — | 2015 | → |
| Genetic and genomic analyses as a basis for new diagnostic nosologies. | Gershon ES et al. | — | 2015 | → |
| Genetic Architecture of Lacunar Stroke. | Traylor M et al. | — | 2015 | → |
| Genetic markers of white matter integrity in schizophrenia revealed by parallel ICA. | Gupta CN et al. | — | 2015 | → |
| Genetic risk for schizophrenia: convergence on synaptic pathways involved in plasticity. | Hall J et al. | — | 2015 | → |
| Genetics and Epigenetics of Eating Disorders. | Yilmaz Z et al. | — | 2015 | → |
| Genetics of complex traits in psychiatry. | Gelernter J | — | 2015 | → |
| Genetic studies of schizophrenia: an update. | Chen J et al. | — | 2015 | → |
| Genetic variance estimation with imputed variants finds negligible missing heritability for human height and body mass index. | Yang J et al. | — | 2015 | → |
| Genome-wide association and genome partitioning reveal novel genomic regions underlying variation in gastrointestinal nematode burden in a wild bird. | Wenzel MA et al. | — | 2015 | → |
| Genome-wide association study dissects genetic architecture underlying longitudinal egg weights in chickens. | Yi G et al. | — | 2015 | → |
| Genome-wide association study revealed a promising region and candidate genes for eggshell quality in an F2 resource population. | Sun C et al. | — | 2015 | → |
| Genomic architecture of human neuroanatomical diversity. | Toro R et al. | — | 2015 | → |
| Heritability estimates on Hodgkin's lymphoma: a genomic- versus population-based approach. | Thomsen H et al. | — | 2015 | → |
| Heritability of Individual Psychotic Experiences Captured by Common Genetic Variants in a Community Sample of Adolescents. | Sieradzka D et al. | — | 2015 | → |
| Identification of schizophrenia-associated loci by combining DNA methylation and gene expression data from whole blood. | van Eijk KR et al. | — | 2015 | → |
| Impact of QTL minor allele frequency on genomic evaluation using real genotype data and simulated phenotypes in Japanese Black cattle. | Uemoto Y et al. | — | 2015 | → |
| Joint analysis of psychiatric disorders increases accuracy of risk prediction for schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and major depressive disorder. | Maier R et al. | — | 2015 | → |
| Kernel Approach for Modeling Interaction Effects in Genetic Association Studies of Complex Quantitative Traits. | Broadaway KA et al. | — | 2015 | → |
| Large-scale genomics unveil polygenic architecture of human cortical surface area. | Chen CH et al. | — | 2015 | → |
| Massively expedited genome-wide heritability analysis (MEGHA). | Ge T et al. | — | 2015 | → |
| Mixed model with correction for case-control ascertainment increases association power. | Hayeck TJ et al. | — | 2015 | → |
| New data and an old puzzle: the negative association between schizophrenia and rheumatoid arthritis. | Lee SH et al. | — | 2015 | → |
| Partitioning heritability by functional annotation using genome-wide association summary statistics. | Finucane HK et al. | — | 2015 | → |
| Path from schizophrenia genomics to biology: gene regulation and perturbation in neurons derived from induced pluripotent stem cells and genome editing. | Duan J | — | 2015 | → |
| Pervasive pleiotropy between psychiatric disorders and immune disorders revealed by integrative analysis of multiple GWAS. | Wang Q et al. | — | 2015 | → |
| Population Genomics for Understanding Adaptation in Wild Plant Species. | Weigel D et al. | — | 2015 | → |
| Promising Loci and Genes for Yolk and Ovary Weight in Chickens Revealed by a Genome-Wide Association Study. | Sun C et al. | — | 2015 | → |
| Quantitative genetics of disease traits. | Wray NR et al. | — | 2015 | → |
| Rare Variants in Transcript and Potential Regulatory Regions Explain a Small Percentage of the Missing Heritability of Complex Traits in Cattle. | Gonzalez-Recio O et al. | — | 2015 | → |
| Recent genetic findings in schizophrenia and their therapeutic relevance. | Harrison PJ | — | 2015 | → |
| Resequencing and association analysis of coding regions at twenty candidate genes suggest a role for rare risk variation at AKAP9 and protective variation at NRXN1 in schizophrenia susceptibility. | Suárez-Rama JJ et al. | — | 2015 | → |
| Risk Classification with an Adaptive Naive Bayes Kernel Machine Model. | Minnier J et al. | — | 2015 | → |
| RNA Sequencing in Schizophrenia. | Li X et al. | — | 2015 | → |
| Schizophrenia. | Kahn RS et al. | — | 2015 | → |
| Schizophrenia risk variants modulate white matter volume across the psychosis spectrum: evidence from two independent cohorts. | Oertel-Knöchel V et al. | — | 2015 | → |
| Secondary association of PDLIM5 with paranoid schizophrenia in Emirati patients. | Moselhy H et al. | — | 2015 | → |
| Simultaneous discovery, estimation and prediction analysis of complex traits using a bayesian mixture model. | Moser G et al. | — | 2015 | → |
| Sleep and plasticity in schizophrenia. | Sprecher KE et al. | — | 2015 | → |
| Spine pruning drives antipsychotic-sensitive locomotion via circuit control of striatal dopamine. | Kim IH et al. | — | 2015 | → |
| Sterol Regulatory Element Binding Transcription Factor-1 Gene Variation and Medication Load Influence White Matter Structure in Schizophrenia. | Bollettini I et al. | — | 2015 | → |
| The genetic architecture of pediatric cognitive abilities in the Philadelphia Neurodevelopmental Cohort. | Robinson EB et al. | — | 2015 | → |
| The Psychiatric Genomics Consortium Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Workgroup: Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Enters the Age of Large-Scale Genomic Collaboration. | Logue MW et al. | — | 2015 | → |
| Transcriptome outlier analysis implicates schizophrenia susceptibility genes and enriches putatively functional rare genetic variants. | Duan J et al. | — | 2015 | → |
| Uncovering the hidden risk architecture of the schizophrenias: confirmation in three independent genome-wide association studies. | Arnedo J et al. | — | 2015 | → |
| A genome-wide association meta-analysis of preschool internalizing problems. | Benke KS et al. | — | 2014 | → |
| A genome-wide CNV analysis of schizophrenia reveals a potential role for a multiple-hit model. | Rudd DS et al. | — | 2014 | → |
| An excess of risk-increasing low-frequency variants can be a signal of polygenic inheritance in complex diseases. | Chan Y et al. | — | 2014 | → |
| An inherited duplication at the gene p21 Protein-Activated Kinase 7 (PAK7) is a risk factor for psychosis. | Morris DW et al. | — | 2014 | → |
| A polygenic burden of rare disruptive mutations in schizophrenia. | Purcell SM et al. | — | 2014 | → |
| A population genetic signal of polygenic adaptation. | Berg JJ et al. | — | 2014 | → |
| Applying polygenic risk scores to postpartum depression. | Byrne EM et al. | — | 2014 | → |
| A rare functional noncoding variant at the GWAS-implicated MIR137/MIR2682 locus might confer risk to schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. | Duan J et al. | — | 2014 | → |
| Are genetic risk factors for psychosis also associated with dimension-specific psychotic experiences in adolescence? | Sieradzka D et al. | — | 2014 | → |
| Arguments for the sake of endophenotypes: examining common misconceptions about the use of endophenotypes in psychiatric genetics. | Glahn DC et al. | — | 2014 | → |
| Association of HLA-DR/DQ polymorphisms with schizophrenia in Tunisian patients. | Sayeh A et al. | — | 2014 | → |
| A systematic review of antipsychotic drug effects on human gene expression related to risk factors for cardiovascular disease. | Foley DL et al. | — | 2014 | → |
| Combined analysis of exon splicing and genome wide polymorphism data predict schizophrenia risk loci. | Oldmeadow C et al. | — | 2014 | → |
| Common variants explain a large fraction of the variability in the liability to psoriasis in a Han Chinese population. | Yin X et al. | — | 2014 | → |
| Cross-tissue and tissue-specific eQTLs: partitioning the heritability of a complex trait. | Torres JM et al. | — | 2014 | → |
| De novo mutations in schizophrenia implicate chromatin remodeling and support a genetic overlap with autism and intellectual disability. | McCarthy SE et al. | — | 2014 | → |
| Dissection of additive genetic variability for quantitative traits in chickens using SNP markers. | Abdollahi-Arpanahi R et al. | — | 2014 | → |
| DNA evidence for strong genetic stability and increasing heritability of intelligence from age 7 to 12. | Trzaskowski M et al. | — | 2014 | → |
| DSM-5 cannabis use disorder: a phenotypic and genomic perspective. | Agrawal A et al. | — | 2014 | → |
| Estimation and partitioning of (co)heritability of inflammatory bowel disease from GWAS and immunochip data. | Chen GB et al. | — | 2014 | → |
| Evolving toward a human-cell based and multiscale approach to drug discovery for CNS disorders. | Schadt EE et al. | — | 2014 | → |
| Excess of homozygosity in the major histocompatibility complex in schizophrenia. | Mukherjee S et al. | — | 2014 | → |
| Explaining additional genetic variation in complex traits. | Robinson MR et al. | — | 2014 | → |
| Fine mapping on chromosome 13q32-34 and brain expression analysis implicates MYO16 in schizophrenia. | Rodriguez-Murillo L et al. | — | 2014 | → |
| Genetic architecture of cognitive traits. | Le Hellard S et al. | — | 2014 | → |
| Genetic burden of common variants in progressive and bout-onset multiple sclerosis. | Sorosina M et al. | — | 2014 | → |
| Genetic confounds in the study of sexual orientation: comment on Roberts, Glymour, and Koenen (2014). | Bailey DH et al. | — | 2014 | → |
| Genetic influences on alcohol use across stages of development: GABRA2 and longitudinal trajectories of drunkenness from adolescence to young adulthood. | Dick DM et al. | — | 2014 | → |
| Genetic liability for schizophrenia predicts risk of immune disorders. | Stringer S et al. | — | 2014 | → |
| Genetic relationships between schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and schizoaffective disorder. | Cardno AG et al. | — | 2014 | → |
| Genome-wide association studies of suicidal behaviors: a review. | Sokolowski M et al. | — | 2014 | → |
| Genome-wide study of association and interaction with maternal cytomegalovirus infection suggests new schizophrenia loci. | Børglum AD et al. | — | 2014 | → |
| Genomic insights into the overlap between psychiatric disorders: implications for research and clinical practice. | Doherty JL et al. | — | 2014 | → |
| Genotype-environment correlation in the era of DNA. | Plomin R | — | 2014 | → |
| Global genetic variations predict brain response to faces. | Dickie EW et al. | — | 2014 | → |
| GPA: a statistical approach to prioritizing GWAS results by integrating pleiotropy and annotation. | Chung D et al. | — | 2014 | → |
| Heritability of variation in glycaemic response to metformin: a genome-wide complex trait analysis. | Zhou K et al. | — | 2014 | → |
| Identifying gene-environment interactions in schizophrenia: contemporary challenges for integrated, large-scale investigations. | European Network of National Networks studying Gene-Environment Interactions in Schizophrenia (EU-GEI) et al. | — | 2014 | → |
| Leveraging population admixture to characterize the heritability of complex traits. | Zaitlen N et al. | — | 2014 | → |
| Machine learning patterns for neuroimaging-genetic studies in the cloud. | Da Mota B et al. | — | 2014 | → |
| Measuring missing heritability: inferring the contribution of common variants. | Golan D et al. | — | 2014 | → |
| Molecular genetic evidence for overlap between general cognitive ability and risk for schizophrenia: a report from the Cognitive Genomics consorTium (COGENT). | Lencz T et al. | — | 2014 | → |
| Multivariate analysis reveals genetic associations of the resting default mode network in psychotic bipolar disorder and schizophrenia. | Meda SA et al. | — | 2014 | → |
| Neurodevelopmental and neuropsychiatric disorders represent an interconnected molecular system. | Cristino AS et al. | — | 2014 | → |
| No evidence that runs of homozygosity are associated with schizophrenia in an Irish genome-wide association dataset. | Heron EA et al. | — | 2014 | → |
| Partitioning heritability of regulatory and cell-type-specific variants across 11 common diseases. | Gusev A et al. | — | 2014 | → |
| Research review: Polygenic methods and their application to psychiatric traits. | Wray NR et al. | — | 2014 | → |
| Revitalizing psychiatric therapeutics. | Hyman SE | — | 2014 | → |
| Searching for missing heritability: designing rare variant association studies. | Zuk O et al. | — | 2014 | → |
| The contribution of genetic variants to disease depends on the ruler. | Witte JS et al. | — | 2014 | → |
| The effects of demography and long-term selection on the accuracy of genomic prediction with sequence data. | MacLeod IM et al. | — | 2014 | → |
| The emerging molecular architecture of schizophrenia, polygenic risk scores and the clinical implications for GxE research. | Iyegbe C et al. | — | 2014 | → |
| Theory of mind and the social brain: implications for understanding the genetic basis of schizophrenia. | Martin AK et al. | — | 2014 | → |
| The synapse in schizophrenia. | Pocklington AJ et al. | — | 2014 | → |
| The use of epigenetic phenomena for the improvement of sheep and cattle. | Goddard ME et al. | — | 2014 | → |
| Whole-genome pathway analysis on 132,497 individuals identifies novel gene-sets associated with body mass index. | Simonson MA et al. | — | 2014 | → |
| Word reading fluency: role of genome-wide single-nucleotide polymorphisms in developmental stability and correlations with print exposure. | Harlaar N et al. | — | 2014 | → |
| A comprehensive family-based replication study of schizophrenia genes. | Aberg KA et al. | — | 2013 | → |
| Additive genetic variation in schizophrenia risk is shared by populations of African and European descent. | de Candia TR et al. | — | 2013 | → |
| A genetic deconstruction of neurocognitive traits in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. | Fernandes CP et al. | — | 2013 | → |
| A genome-wide association study of behavioral disinhibition. | McGue M et al. | — | 2013 | → |
| AKAPs integrate genetic findings for autism spectrum disorders. | Poelmans G et al. | — | 2013 | → |
| A kernel of truth: statistical advances in polygenic variance component models for complex human pedigrees. | Blangero J et al. | — | 2013 | → |
| Altered dopamine ontogeny in the developmentally vitamin D deficient rat and its relevance to schizophrenia. | Kesby JP et al. | — | 2013 | → |
| A population-specific uncommon variant in GRIN3A associated with schizophrenia. | Takata A et al. | — | 2013 | → |
| Association of rs1344706 in the ZNF804A gene with schizophrenia in a case/control sample from Indonesia. | Schwab SG et al. | — | 2013 | → |
| Candidate and non-candidate genes in behavior genetics. | Flint J et al. | — | 2013 | → |
| Common biological networks underlie genetic risk for alcoholism in African- and European-American populations. | Kos MZ et al. | — | 2013 | → |
| Common DNA markers can account for more than half of the genetic influence on cognitive abilities. | Plomin R et al. | — | 2013 | → |
| Congruence of additive and non-additive effects on gene expression estimated from pedigree and SNP data. | Powell JE et al. | — | 2013 | → |
| Contribution of common genetic variants to antidepressant response. | Tansey KE et al. | — | 2013 | → |
| Estimation and partitioning of polygenic variation captured by common SNPs for Alzheimer's disease, multiple sclerosis and endometriosis. | Lee SH et al. | — | 2013 | → |
| Estimation of SNP heritability from dense genotype data. | Lee SH et al. | — | 2013 | → |
| Evaluating empirical bounds on complex disease genetic architecture. | Agarwala V et al. | — | 2013 | → |
| Evaluating rare variants in complex disorders using next-generation sequencing. | Ezewudo M et al. | — | 2013 | → |
| Extracting actionable information from genome scans. | Bacanu SA et al. | — | 2013 | → |
| Gene expression alterations in bipolar disorder postmortem brains. | Chen H et al. | — | 2013 | → |
| Genetic relationship between five psychiatric disorders estimated from genome-wide SNPs. | Cross-Disorder Group of the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium et al. | — | 2013 | → |
| Genetic schizophrenia risk variants jointly modulate total brain and white matter volume. | Terwisscha van Scheltinga AF et al. | — | 2013 | → |
| Genetics of callous-unemotional behavior in children. | Viding E et al. | — | 2013 | → |
| Genetics of psychiatric disorders in the GWAS era: an update on schizophrenia. | Schwab SG et al. | — | 2013 | → |
| Genome-wide association analysis identifies 13 new risk loci for schizophrenia. | Ripke S et al. | — | 2013 | → |
| Genome-wide association study implicates NDST3 in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. | Lencz T et al. | — | 2013 | → |
| Genome-wide association study of Tourette's syndrome. | Scharf JM et al. | — | 2013 | → |
| Genome-wide complex trait analysis (GCTA): methods, data analyses, and interpretations. | Yang J et al. | — | 2013 | → |
| GWAS meta analysis identifies TSNARE1 as a novel Schizophrenia / Bipolar susceptibility locus. | Sleiman P et al. | — | 2013 | → |
| Improved detection of common variants associated with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder using pleiotropy-informed conditional false discovery rate. | Andreassen OA et al. | — | 2013 | → |
| Improving the accuracy and efficiency of partitioning heritability into the contributions of genomic regions. | Kostem E et al. | — | 2013 | → |
| Intelligence indexes generalist genes for cognitive abilities. | Trzaskowski M et al. | — | 2013 | → |
| Molecular genetics and subjective well-being. | Rietveld CA et al. | — | 2013 | → |
| Multiple variants aggregate in the neuregulin signaling pathway in a subset of schizophrenia patients. | Hatzimanolis A et al. | — | 2013 | → |
| Neonatal levels of acute phase proteins and later risk of non-affective psychosis. | Gardner RM et al. | — | 2013 | → |
| No genetic influence for childhood behavior problems from DNA analysis. | Trzaskowski M et al. | — | 2013 | → |
| Pitfalls of predicting complex traits from SNPs. | Wray NR et al. | — | 2013 | → |
| Polygenic heritability estimates in pharmacogenetics: focus on asthma and related phenotypes. | McGeachie MJ et al. | — | 2013 | → |
| Polygenic modeling with bayesian sparse linear mixed models. | Zhou X et al. | — | 2013 | → |
| Polygenic risk for schizophrenia is associated with cognitive change between childhood and old age. | McIntosh AM et al. | — | 2013 | → |
| Power and predictive accuracy of polygenic risk scores. | Dudbridge F | — | 2013 | → |
| Progress in imaging the effects of psychosis susceptibility gene variants. | Redpath HL et al. | — | 2013 | → |
| Progress in the genetics of polygenic brain disorders: significant new challenges for neurobiology. | McCarroll SA et al. | — | 2013 | → |
| Projecting the performance of risk prediction based on polygenic analyses of genome-wide association studies. | Chatterjee N et al. | — | 2013 | → |
| Resistance to germline RNA interference in a Caenorhabditis elegans wild isolate exhibits complexity and nonadditivity. | Pollard DA et al. | — | 2013 | → |
| Role of DISC1 interacting proteins in schizophrenia risk from genome-wide analysis of missense SNPs. | Costas J et al. | — | 2013 | → |
| Schizophrenia at a genetics crossroads: where to now? | Corvin A | — | 2013 | → |
| Schizophrenia genetic variants are not associated with intelligence. | van Scheltinga AF et al. | — | 2013 | → |
| Schizophrenia susceptibility and age of diagnosis--a frailty approach. | Svensson E et al. | — | 2013 | → |
| Selected rapporteur summaries from the XX World Congress of Psychiatric Genetics, Hamburg, Germany, October 14-18, 2012. | Anderson-Schmidt H et al. | — | 2013 | → |
| Sequence kernel association tests for the combined effect of rare and common variants. | Ionita-Laza I et al. | — | 2013 | → |
| Shared polygenic contribution between childhood attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder and adult schizophrenia. | Hamshere ML et al. | — | 2013 | → |
| SNP analysis using a molecular beacon-based operating cooperatively (OC) sensor. | Cornett EM et al. | — | 2013 | → |
| The emerging spectrum of allelic variation in schizophrenia: current evidence and strategies for the identification and functional characterization of common and rare variants. | Mowry BJ et al. | — | 2013 | → |
| The evolutionary paradox and the missing heritability of schizophrenia. | van Dongen J et al. | — | 2013 | → |
| The future of genomics for developmentalists. | Plomin R et al. | — | 2013 | → |
| The heritability of human disease: estimation, uses and abuses. | Tenesa A et al. | — | 2013 | → |
| The molecular genetic architecture of self-employment. | van der Loos MJ et al. | — | 2013 | → |
| The XY gene hypothesis of psychosis: origins and current status. | Crow TJ | — | 2013 | → |
| Transcriptome study of differential expression in schizophrenia. | Sanders AR et al. | — | 2013 | → |
| Ubiquitous polygenicity of human complex traits: genome-wide analysis of 49 traits in Koreans. | Yang J et al. | — | 2013 | → |
| Using phenotypic heterogeneity to increase the power of genome-wide association studies: application to age at onset of ischaemic stroke subphenotypes. | Traylor M et al. | — | 2013 | → |
| What psychiatric genetics has taught us about the nature of psychiatric illness and what is left to learn. | Kendler KS | — | 2013 | → |
| Where GWAS and epidemiology meet: opportunities for the simultaneous study of genetic and environmental risk factors in schizophrenia. | McGrath JJ et al. | — | 2013 | → |
| Whole-genome sequencing in an autism multiplex family. | Shi L et al. | — | 2013 | → |
| A commentary on the gender-specific association of TSNAX/DISC1 locus for schizophrenia and bipolar affective disorder in South Indian population. | Numata S | — | 2012 | → |
| A mixed-model approach for genome-wide association studies of correlated traits in structured populations. | Korte A et al. | — | 2012 | → |
| Common genetic variants, acting additively, are a major source of risk for autism. | Klei L et al. | — | 2012 | → |
| Confluence of genes, environment, development, and behavior in a post Genome-Wide Association Study world. | Vrieze SI et al. | — | 2012 | → |
| Estimating the proportion of variation in susceptibility to multiple sclerosis captured by common SNPs. | Watson CT et al. | — | 2012 | → |
| Estimation of pleiotropy between complex diseases using single-nucleotide polymorphism-derived genomic relationships and restricted maximum likelihood. | Lee SH et al. | — | 2012 | → |
| Genetic architectures of psychiatric disorders: the emerging picture and its implications. | Sullivan PF et al. | — | 2012 | → |
| Genome-wide approaches in pharmacogenomics: heritability estimation and pharmacoethnicity as primary challenges. | Gamazon ER et al. | — | 2012 | → |
| Implications of genetic findings for understanding schizophrenia. | Owen MJ | — | 2012 | → |
| Improved heritability estimation from genome-wide SNPs. | Speed D et al. | — | 2012 | → |
| Prenatal nutrition, epigenetics and schizophrenia risk: can we test causal effects? | Kirkbride JB et al. | — | 2012 | → |
| Puzzling over schizophrenia: schizophrenia as a pathway disease. | Sullivan PF | — | 2012 | → |
| Runs of homozygosity implicate autozygosity as a schizophrenia risk factor. | Keller MC et al. | — | 2012 | → |
| Target practice: HDAC inhibitors for schizophrenia. | Hyman SE | — | 2012 | → |
| The gene in its natural habitat: the importance of gene-trait interactions. | DeYoung CG et al. | — | 2012 | → |
| The genetic architecture of economic and political preferences. | Benjamin DJ et al. | — | 2012 | → |
| Understanding and predicting complex traits: knowledge from cattle. | Kemper KE et al. | — | 2012 | → |
| Using summary data from the danish national registers to estimate heritabilities for schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and major depressive disorder. | Wray NR et al. | — | 2012 | → |