Neurogenetic adaptive mechanisms in alcoholism.
paper
Cited
Public
Unavailable
- Authors
- Cloninger, C R
- Year
- 1987
- Journal
- Science (New York, N.Y.)
- PMID
- 2882604
- DOI
- 10.1126/science.2882604
Clinical, genetic, and neuropsychopharmacological studies of developmental factors in alcoholism are providing a better understanding of the neurobiological bases of personality and learning. Studies of the adopted-away children of alcoholics show that the predisposition to initiate alcohol-seeking behavior is genetically different from susceptibility to loss of control after drinking begins. Alcohol-seeking behavior is a special case of exploratory appetitive behavior and involves different neurogenetic processes than do susceptibility to behavioral tolerance and dependence on the antianxiety or sedative effects of alcohol. Three dimensions of personality have been described that may reflect individual differences in brain systems modulating the activation, maintenance, and inhibition of behavioral responses to the effects of alcohol and other environmental stimuli. These personality traits distinguish alcoholics with different patterns of behavioral, neurophysiological, and neuropharmacological responses to alcohol.
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| Clinical phenomenology of childhood abuse-related complex PTSD in a population of female patients: patterns of personality disturbance. | Dorrepaal E et al. | β | 2012 | β |
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| Comparison of the effect of the GABAΞ receptor agonist, baclofen, and the positive allosteric modulator of the GABAB receptor, GS39783, on alcohol self-administration in 3 different lines of alcohol-preferring rats. | Maccioni P et al. | β | 2012 | β |
| Cross-sectional survey of prevalence and personality characteristics of college students with internet addiction in Wenzhou, China. | Jiang D et al. | β | 2012 | β |
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| Ina Maria Hinnenthal and Mauro Cibin on Allaman Allamani's "Failure and transformation in the relationship: between patient and therapist". | Hinnenthal IM et al. | β | 2012 | β |
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| Interaction between ALDH2*1*1 and DRD2/ANKK1 TaqI A1A1 genes may be associated with antisocial personality disorder not co-morbid with alcoholism. | Lu RB et al. | β | 2012 | β |
| Interaction between serotonin transporter and serotonin receptor 1 B genes polymorphisms may be associated with antisocial alcoholism. | Wang TY et al. | β | 2012 | β |
| Introduction to the special issue "Pharmacotherapies for the treatment of alcohol abuse and dependence" and a summary of patents targeting other neurotransmitter systems. | Bell RL et al. | β | 2012 | β |
| Is the continuity of externalizing psychopathology the same in adolescents and middle-aged adults? A test of the externalizing spectrum's developmental coherence. | Vrieze SI et al. | β | 2012 | β |
| Management of alcohol abuse. | Albanese AP | β | 2012 | β |
| Memantine, an NMDA receptor antagonist, differentially influences Go/No-Go performance and fMRI activity in individuals with and without a family history of alcoholism. | Jamadar S et al. | β | 2012 | β |
| Multiple polymorphisms in genes of the adrenergic stress system confer vulnerability to alcohol abuse. | Clarke TK et al. | β | 2012 | β |
| Post-treatment outcomes in a double-blind, randomized trial of sertraline for alcohol dependence. | Kranzler HR et al. | β | 2012 | β |
| Reinforcement sensitivity theory and alcohol outcome expectancies in early adolescence. | Lopez-Vergara HI et al. | β | 2012 | β |
| Relationship between personality change and the onset and course of alcohol dependence in young adulthood. | Hicks BM et al. | β | 2012 | β |
| Sequence of alcohol involvement from early onset to young adult alcohol abuse: differential predictors and moderation by family-focused preventive intervention. | Mason WA et al. | β | 2012 | β |
| Sex hormone activity in alcohol addiction: integrating organizational and activational effects. | Lenz B et al. | β | 2012 | β |
| Stress, epigenetics, and alcoholism. | Moonat S et al. | β | 2012 | β |
| Subtypes of alcohol dependence and their effect on sexual behavior change. | Osborne V et al. | β | 2012 | β |
| Translational behaviour-genetic studies of alcohol: are we there yet? | Crabbe JC | β | 2012 | β |
| Tridimensional personalities and polymorphism of dopamine D2 receptor among heroin addicts. | Teh LK et al. | β | 2012 | β |
| ΞΊ opioid regulation of anxiety-like behavior during acute ethanol withdrawal. | Valdez GR et al. | β | 2012 | β |
| (3-Cyano-5-fluorophenyl)biaryl negative allosteric modulators of mGlu(5): Discovery of a new tool compound with activity in the OSS mouse model of addiction. | Lindsley CW et al. | β | 2011 | β |
| Alcohol research: past, present, and future. | Gunzerath L et al. | β | 2011 | β |
| Alcohol use trajectories and the ubiquitous cat's cradle: cause for concern? | Sher KJ et al. | β | 2011 | β |
| An internalizing pathway to alcohol use and disorder. | Hussong AM et al. | β | 2011 | β |
| A systemic model of doping behavior. | Johnson MB | β | 2011 | β |
| Binge Drinking: In Search of its Molecular Target via the GABA(A) Receptor. | Yang AR et al. | β | 2011 | β |
| Cognitive and neurobiological mechanisms of alcohol-related aggression. | Heinz AJ et al. | β | 2011 | β |
| Critical thoughts on current rodent models for evaluating potential treatments of alcohol addiction and withdrawal. | Ripley TL et al. | β | 2011 | β |
| Depressive and aggressive responses to frustration: development of a questionnaire and its validation in a sample of male alcoholics. | Baars MY et al. | β | 2011 | β |
| Developmental trajectories of marijuana use from adolescence to adulthood: personal predictors. | Brook JS et al. | β | 2011 | β |
| Different phenotypic and genotypic presentations in alcohol dependence: age at onset matters. | Chen YC et al. | β | 2011 | β |
| Does variance in drinking motives explain the genetic overlap between personality and alcohol use disorder symptoms? A twin study of young women. | Littlefield AK et al. | β | 2011 | β |
| DRD2 and DRD4 in relation to regular alcohol and cannabis use among adolescents: does parenting modify the impact of genetic vulnerability? The TRAILS study. | Creemers HE et al. | β | 2011 | β |
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| Genetics of alcohol dependence. | Kimura M et al. | β | 2011 | β |
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| Healthy subjects with a family history of alcoholism show increased stimulative subjective effects of alcohol. | SΓΆderpalm Gordh AH et al. | β | 2011 | β |
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| Molecular targets of alcohol action: Translational research for pharmacotherapy development and screening. | Gorini G et al. | β | 2011 | β |
| Natural rewards, neuroplasticity, and non-drug addictions. | Olsen CM | β | 2011 | β |
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| Role of the serotonergic system in alcohol dependence: from animal models to clinics. | Sari Y et al. | β | 2011 | β |
| Stress and consumption of alcohol in humans with a Type 1 family history of alcoholism in an experimental laboratory setting. | Gordh AH et al. | β | 2011 | β |
| Structural, concurrent, and predictive validity of the Substance Use Risk Profile Scale in early adolescence. | Krank M et al. | β | 2011 | β |
| The latent structure of alcohol use pathology in an epidemiological sample. | Green BA et al. | β | 2011 | β |
| The prevalence and clinical implications of self-medication among individuals with anxiety disorders. | Menary KR et al. | β | 2011 | β |
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| Alcohol response and consumption in adolescent rhesus macaques: life history and genetic influences. | Schwandt ML et al. | β | 2010 | β |
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| Design, synthesis, and subtype selectivity of 3,6-disubstituted Ξ²-carbolines at Bz/GABA(A)ergic receptors. SAR and studies directed toward agents for treatment of alcohol abuse. | Yin W et al. | β | 2010 | β |
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| Genetics of novelty seeking, amphetamine self-administration and reinstatement using inbred rats. | Meyer AC et al. | β | 2010 | β |
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| Heritability of MMPI-2 scales in the UCSF family alcoholism study. | Gizer IR et al. | β | 2010 | β |
| Human behavioral pharmacology, past, present, and future: symposium presented at the 50th annual meeting of the Behavioral Pharmacology Society. | Comer SD et al. | β | 2010 | β |
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| MAOA interacts with the ALDH2 gene in anxiety-depression alcohol dependence. | Lee SY et al. | β | 2010 | β |
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| Alcoholism: a systems approach from molecular physiology to addictive behavior. | Spanagel R | β | 2009 | β |
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| Examining factors in the Research Institute on Addictions Self-Inventory (RIASI): Associations with alcohol use and problems at assessment and follow-up. | Mann RE et al. | β | 2009 | β |
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| Review. Genetics of addictions: strategies for addressing heterogeneity and polygenicity of substance use disorders. | Wong CC et al. | β | 2008 | β |
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| Convergent validity of DSM-III-R and DSM-IV alcohol dependence: results from the National Longitudinal Alcohol Epidemiologic Survey. | Grant BF | β | 1997 | β |
| D4 dopamine-receptor (DRD4) alleles and novelty seeking in substance-dependent, personality-disorder, and control subjects. | Gelernter J et al. | β | 1997 | β |
| Decreased experimental anxiety and voluntary ethanol consumption in rats following central but not basolateral amygdala lesions. | MΓΆller C et al. | β | 1997 | β |
| Decreased measures of experimental anxiety in rats bred for high alcohol preference. | MΓΆller C et al. | β | 1997 | β |
| Disinhibited personality and sensitivity to alcohol reinforcement: independent correlates of drinking behavior in sons of alcoholics. | Conrod PJ et al. | β | 1997 | β |
| Dopamine D2 receptor gene and alcoholism among four aboriginal groups and Han in Taiwan. | Chen WJ et al. | β | 1997 | β |
| Dopamine D4 receptor exon III alleles and variation of novelty seeking in alcoholics. | Sander T et al. | β | 1997 | β |
| Early onset cannabis use and psychosocial adjustment in young adults. | Fergusson DM et al. | β | 1997 | β |
| E. M. Jellinek and the evolution of alcohol studies: a critical essay. | Page PB | β | 1997 | β |
| Event-related potentials in COA's. | Porjesz B et al. | β | 1997 | β |
| Gender and comorbid psychopathology in adolescents with alcohol dependence. | Clark DB et al. | β | 1997 | β |
| Genetic markers of alcohol abuse. | Ferguson RA et al. | β | 1997 | β |
| Growing up in an alcoholic family system: the effect on anxiety and differentiation of self. | Maynard S | β | 1997 | β |
| Human adenylyl cyclase type 7 contains polymorphic repeats in the 3' untranslated region: investigations of association with alcoholism. | Hellevuo K et al. | β | 1997 | β |
| Human dopamine transporter gene polymorphism (VNTR) and alcoholism. | Parsian A et al. | β | 1997 | β |
| Human GABAA receptor alpha 1 and alpha 3 subunits genes and alcoholism. | Parsian A et al. | β | 1997 | β |
| Human GABA, Receptor Ξ±<sub>l</sub> and Ξ±<sub>3</sub> Subunits Genes and Alcoholism. | Parsian A et al. | β | 1997 | β |
| Integrative psychobiological approach to psychiatric assessment and treatment. | Cloninger CR et al. | β | 1997 | β |
| Is ADHD a risk factor for psychoactive substance use disorders? Findings from a four-year prospective follow-up study. | Biederman J et al. | β | 1997 | β |
| Neuropsychological functioning in sons of active alcoholic, recovering alcoholic, and social drinking fathers. | Ozkaragoz T et al. | β | 1997 | β |
| No association between polymorphisms in the human dopamine D3 and D4 receptors genes and alcoholism. | Parsian A et al. | β | 1997 | β |
| Persistence predicts latency to relapse following inpatient treatment for alcohol dependence. | Cannon DS et al. | β | 1997 | β |
| Persistent alterations in behavior and serotonin activity after recovery from anorexia and bulimia nervosa. | Kaye WH | β | 1997 | β |
| Personality and substance use disorders: I. Effects of gender and alcoholism subtype. | McGue M et al. | β | 1997 | β |
| Personality and Substance Use Disorders: I. Effects of Gender and Alcoholism Subtype. | McGue M et al. | β | 1997 | β |
| Psychological characteristics of children of alcoholics. | Sher KJ | β | 1997 | β |
| Risk-taking behavior in adolescents: the paradigm. | Irwin CE et al. | β | 1997 | β |
| Russian adolescent drug use and comparisons to United States adolescents. | Scheer SD et al. | β | 1997 | β |
| Startle modulation in children at risk for anxiety disorders and/or alcoholism. | Grillon C et al. | β | 1997 | β |
| The moderating effects of children's fear and activity level on relations between parenting practices and childhood symptomatology. | Colder CR et al. | β | 1997 | β |
| The neurobiology of alcoholism in genetically selected rat models. | Stewart RB et al. | β | 1997 | β |
| The relation between alcohol and aggression: an integrated biopsychosocial conceptualization. | Chermack ST et al. | β | 1997 | β |
| Three clusters of male alcoholics. | Hauser J et al. | β | 1997 | β |
| Timing of paternal substance use disorder cessation and effects on problem behaviors in sons. | Moss HB et al. | β | 1997 | β |
| Toward a definition of a valid model of alcoholism: multiple animal models for multiple diseases. | McMillen BA | β | 1997 | β |
| Two types classification of male alcoholism confirmed. | Modestin J et al. | β | 1997 | β |
| Ultrasonic vocalization behavior differs between lines of ethanol-preferring and nonpreferring rats. | Knapp DJ et al. | β | 1997 | β |
| Which relapse criteria best predict the mortality risk of treated alcoholics? | Yoshino A et al. | β | 1997 | β |
| Young adults' drug use: a 17-year longitudinal inquiry of antecedents. | Brook JS et al. | β | 1997 | β |
| A nonhuman primate model of type II alcoholism? Part 2. Diminished social competence and excessive aggression correlates with low cerebrospinal fluid 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid concentrations. | Higley JD et al. | β | 1996 | β |
| A nonhuman primate model of type II excessive alcohol consumption? Part 1. Low cerebrospinal fluid 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid concentrations and diminished social competence correlate with excessive alcohol consumption. | Higley JD et al. | β | 1996 | β |
| A prospective study of self-esteem and alcohol use disorders in early adulthood: evidence for gender differences. | Walitzer KS et al. | β | 1996 | β |
| Can we subtype alcoholism? A latent class analysis of data from relatives of alcoholics in a multicenter family study of alcoholism. | Bucholz KK et al. | β | 1996 | β |
| Conference summary: Consensus Conference on Alcohol Dependence and the Role of Pharmacotherapy in its Treatment. | Chick J et al. | β | 1996 | β |
| Effects of the benzodiazepine inverse agonist RO19-4603 alone and in combination with the benzodiazepine receptor antagonists flumazenil, ZK 93426 and CGS 8216, on ethanol intake in alcohol-preferring (P) rats. | June HL et al. | β | 1996 | β |
| Ethanol self-administration restores withdrawal-associated deficiencies in accumbal dopamine and 5-hydroxytryptamine release in dependent rats. | Weiss F et al. | β | 1996 | β |
| Gender and Alcoholic Subtypes. | Del Boca FK et al. | β | 1996 | β |
| Generalizability of the type A/type B distinction across different psychoactive substances. | Feingold A et al. | β | 1996 | β |
| Illness severity and self-efficacy as course predictors of DSM-IV alcohol dependence in a multisite clinical sample. | Langenbucher J et al. | β | 1996 | β |
| Indicators of genetic and environmental influence in alcohol-dependent individuals. | Johnson EO et al. | β | 1996 | β |
| Indicators of genetic and environmental influences in drug abusing individuals. | Johnson EO et al. | β | 1996 | β |
| No association between alcoholism and multiple polymorphisms at the dopamine D2 receptor gene (DRD2) in three distinct Taiwanese populations. | Lu RB et al. | β | 1996 | β |
| Overview of substance abuse acupuncture treatment research. | Culliton PD et al. | β | 1996 | β |
| Patient factors related to early attrition from an outpatient cocaine research clinic. | Agosti V et al. | β | 1996 | β |
| Pharmacological treatment for antisocial personality disorder alcoholics: a preliminary study. | Penick EC et al. | β | 1996 | β |
| Platelet adenylyl cyclase activity in alcoholics and subtypes of alcoholics. WHO/ISBRA Study Clinical Centers. | Parsian A et al. | β | 1996 | β |
| Prediction of 3-year outcome of treated alcoholics by an empirically derived multivariate typology. | Yoshino A et al. | β | 1996 | β |
| Psychopharmacologic violence associated with cocaine abuse: kindling of a limbic dyscontrol syndrome? | Davis WM | β | 1996 | β |
| Quantitative trait locus gene mapping: a new method for locating alcohol response genes. | Crabbe JC | β | 1996 | β |
| Risk of alcoholism and parental history: gender differences and a possible reporting bias. | Crum RM et al. | β | 1996 | β |
| Serotonin2C receptors and serotonin2C receptor-mediated phosphoinositide hydrolysis in the brain of alcohol-preferring and alcohol-nonpreferring rats. | Pandey SC et al. | β | 1996 | β |
| Substance abuse, comorbidity, and sensation seeking: gender differences. | Scourfield J et al. | β | 1996 | β |
| Subtypes of alcohol-dependent men: a typology based on relative genetic and environmental loading. | Johnson EO et al. | β | 1996 | β |
| Temperament dimensions explain the comorbidity of psychiatric disorders. | Battaglia M et al. | β | 1996 | β |
| The 1996 James B. Isaacson Award Lecture. Platelet MAO activity in type 1/type 2 alcoholics. | von Knorring L | β | 1996 | β |
| The biological, social and clinical bases of drug addiction: commentary and debate. | Altman J et al. | β | 1996 | β |
| The Classification of Alcoholics: Typology Theories From the 19th Century to the Present. | Babor TF | β | 1996 | β |
| The Development of Alcoholic Subtypes: Risk Variation Among Alcoholic Families During the Early Childhood Years. | Zucker RA et al. | β | 1996 | β |
| The relationship between age at onset and comorbidity in psychiatric disorders. | Kasch KL et al. | β | 1996 | β |
| The tridimensional personality model: influencing variables in a sample of detoxified alcohol dependents. European Fluvoxamine in Alcoholism Study Group. | Meszaros K et al. | β | 1996 | β |
| Tridimensional personality traits in sons of alcoholic and nonalcoholic fathers. | Howard MO et al. | β | 1996 | β |
| Type A and Type B Alcoholism: Applicability Across Subpopulations and Treatment Settings. | Ball SA | β | 1996 | β |
| Type I and Type II Alcoholism: An Update. | Cloninger CR et al. | β | 1996 | β |
| Typology Research Questionnaires. | Ingle KG | β | 1996 | β |
| Use of serotonin selective pharmacotherapy in the treatment of alcohol dependence. | Pettinati HM | β | 1996 | β |
| Voices of the afflicted. | Erickson CK | β | 1996 | β |
| Aggressivity in adolescent alcohol abusers: relationship with conduct disorder. | Moss HB et al. | β | 1995 | β |
| Alcohol and adolescents. | Morrison SF et al. | β | 1995 | β |
| Alcoholism in Brazil--the role of personality and susceptibility to stress. | Bau CH et al. | β | 1995 | β |
| Alcoholism: the role of different motivational systems. | Pihl RO et al. | β | 1995 | β |
| Altered striatal dopamine re-uptake site densities in habitually violent and non-violent alcoholics. | Tiihonen J et al. | β | 1995 | β |
| An empirical classification of drinking patterns among alcoholics: binge, episodic, sporadic, and steady. | Epstein EE et al. | β | 1995 | β |
| An evaluation of type A and B alcoholics. | Schuckit MA et al. | β | 1995 | β |
| Antisocial tendencies and cortical sensory-evoked responses in alcoholism. | Hegerl U et al. | β | 1995 | β |
| Assessment, diagnosis, and treatment of the dually diagnosed adolescent. | Armentano ME | β | 1995 | β |
| Association and linkage studies of the TAQI A1 allele at the dopamine D2 receptor gene in samples of female and male alcoholics. | Neiswanger K et al. | β | 1995 | β |
| Autonomic reactivity and alcohol-induced dampening in men at risk for alcoholism and men at risk for hypertension. | Conrod PJ et al. | β | 1995 | β |
| Bromocriptine in the treatment of alcoholics with the D2 dopamine receptor A1 allele. | Lawford BR et al. | β | 1995 | β |
| Childhood and adulthood temperament and problem behaviors and adulthood substance use. | Ohannessian CM et al. | β | 1995 | β |
| Classical and neoclassical approaches to the genetic analysis of alcohol-related phenotypes. | Dudek BC et al. | β | 1995 | β |
| Cognitive Impairment in Children of Alcoholics. | Pihl RO et al. | β | 1995 | β |
| Cognitive psychosocial performance and recovery in female alcoholics. | Nixon SJ et al. | β | 1995 | β |
| Common genetic mechanisms in alcohol, drug, and mental disorder comorbidity. | Pickens RW et al. | β | 1995 | β |
| Development of a comprehensive treatment program for chemical dependency at Al Amal Hospital, Dammam. | Abdel-Mawgoud M et al. | β | 1995 | β |
| DSM-III, DSM-IV and ICD-10 as severity scales for drug dependence. | Langenbucher JW et al. | β | 1995 | β |
| Evidence for reduced dopamine D2 receptor sensitivity in postwithdrawal alcoholics. | Farren CK et al. | β | 1995 | β |
| Family history of alcoholism and the mediation of alcohol intake by catalase: further evidence for catalase as a marker of the propensity to ingest alcohol. | Koechling UM et al. | β | 1995 | β |
| Gonadal hormones and aggression-maintaining effect of alcohol in male transgenic transforming growth factor-alpha mice. | Hilakivi-Clarke L et al. | β | 1995 | β |
| Homovanillic acid and dopamine-beta-hydroxylase in male youth: relationships with paternal substance abuse and antisocial behavior. | Gabel S et al. | β | 1995 | β |
| Inheritance of Alcohol Abuse: Cross-Fitting Analysis of Adopted Men. | Heath AC | β | 1995 | β |
| Lack of association between alcohol-dependence and D3 dopamine receptor gene in three independent samples. | Gorwood P et al. | β | 1995 | β |
| Longitudinal patterns of heart rate and fighting behavior in 9- through 12-year-old boys. | Kindlon DJ et al. | β | 1995 | β |
| Loss of control and inability to abstain: the measurement of and the relationship between two constructs in male alcoholics. | Kahler CW et al. | β | 1995 | β |
| Monoamine oxidases and alcoholism. I. Studies in unrelated alcoholics and normal controls. | Parsian A et al. | β | 1995 | β |
| Neuroendocrine support for a relationship between "novelty seeking" and dopaminergic function in alcohol-dependent men. | Wiesbeck GA et al. | β | 1995 | β |
| Pathways into risk: temperament and behavior problems in three- to five-year-old sons of alcoholics. | Jansen RE et al. | β | 1995 | β |
| Perinatal alterations of thyroid hormones and behaviour in adult rats. | Darbra S et al. | β | 1995 | β |
| Personality and EEG beta in older adults with alcoholic relatives. | Pollock VE et al. | β | 1995 | β |
| Personality and the inheritance of smoking behavior: a genetic perspective. | Heath AC et al. | β | 1995 | β |
| Personality antecedents of alcoholism in a national area probability sample. | Cloninger CR et al. | β | 1995 | β |
| Platelet monoamine oxidase activity levels in subgroups of alcoholics: diagnostic, temporal, and clinical correlates. | Anthenelli RM et al. | β | 1995 | β |
| Policy and ethical implications of biosocial research. | Udry JR | β | 1995 | β |
| Primates in Alcohol Research. | Higley JD | β | 1995 | β |
| Psychiatric comorbidity of smoking and nicotine dependence. | Breslau N | β | 1995 | β |
| Psychometric properties of impulsivity measures: temporal stability, validity and factor structure. | Kindlon D et al. | β | 1995 | β |
| Rat mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase polymorphism and major histocompatibility complex RT1.A phenotypes are not associated with alcohol drinking in P and NP rats. | Carr LG et al. | β | 1995 | β |
| Reduced visuospatial performance in children with the D2 dopamine receptor A1 allele. | Berman SM et al. | β | 1995 | β |
| Regional brain metabolic response to lorazepam in subjects at risk for alcoholism. | Volkow ND et al. | β | 1995 | β |
| Sex- and strain-related differences in first-pass alcohol metabolism in mice. | Desroches D et al. | β | 1995 | β |
| Sex differences and the effects of tail pinch on ethanol drinking in Maudsley rats. | Adams N | β | 1995 | β |
| Strategies for mapping and identifying quantitative trait loci specifying behavioral responses to alcohol. | Buck KJ | β | 1995 | β |
| Temperament in eating disorders. | Bulik CM et al. | β | 1995 | β |
| The psychobiological regulation of social cooperation. | Cloninger CR | β | 1995 | β |
| The psychopharmacological basis of nicotine's differential effects on behavior: individual subject variability in the rat. | Rosecrans JA | β | 1995 | β |
| The Search for Biochemical Markers. | Anthenelli RM et al. | β | 1995 | β |
| Thyrotropin and prolactin responses to thyrotropin-releasing hormone in young men at high or low risk for alcoholism. | Garbutt JC et al. | β | 1995 | β |
| Time perspective of substance abuse patients: comparison of the scales in Stanford Time Perspective Inventory, Beck Depression Inventory, and Beck Hopelessness Scale. | Breier-Williford S et al. | β | 1995 | β |
| Correlates of early- and late-onset alcohol dependence. | Varma VK et al. | β | 1994 | β |
| Psychological correlates of frequency and type of drug use among jail inmates. | Fishbein DH et al. | β | 1994 | β |
| Psychological mechanisms of enhanced risk of addiction in children of alcoholics: a dual pathway? | Wiers RW et al. | β | 1994 | β |