The Lothian Birth Cohort 1936: a study to examine influences on cognitive ageing from age 11 to age 70 and beyond.
paper
Cited
Public
- Authors
- Deary, Ian J; Gow, Alan J; Taylor, Michelle D; Corley, Janie; Brett, Caroline; Wilson, Valerie; Campbell, Harry; Whalley, Lawrence J; Visscher, Peter M; Porteous, David J; Starr, John M
- Year
- 2007
- Journal
- BMC geriatrics
- PMID
- 18053258
- DOI
- 10.1186/1471-2318-7-28
- PMCID
- PMC2222601
BACKGROUND: Cognitive ageing is a major burden for society and a major influence in lowering people's independence and quality of life. It is the most feared aspect of ageing. There are large individual differences in age-related cognitive changes. Seeking the determinants of cognitive ageing is a research priority. A limitation of many studies is the lack of a sufficiently long period between cognitive assessments to examine determinants. Here, the aim is to examine influences on cognitive ageing between childhood and old age. METHODS/DESIGN: The study is designed as a follow-up cohort study. The participants comprise surviving members of the Scottish Mental Survey of 1947 (SMS1947; N = 70,805) who reside in the Edinburgh area (Lothian) of Scotland. The SMS1947 applied a valid test of general intelligence to all children born in 1936 and attending Scottish schools in June 1947. A total of 1091 participants make up the Lothian Birth Cohort 1936. They undertook: a medical interview and examination; physical fitness testing; extensive cognitive testing (reasoning, memory, speed of information processing, and executive function); personality, quality of life and other psycho-social questionnaires; and a food frequency questionnaire. They have taken the same mental ability test (the Moray House Test No. 12) at age 11 and age 70. They provided blood samples for DNA extraction and testing and other biomarker analyses. Here we describe the background and aims of the study, the recruitment procedures and details of numbers tested, and the details of all examinations. DISCUSSION: The principal strength of this cohort is the rarely captured phenotype of lifetime cognitive change. There is additional rich information to examine the determinants of individual differences in this lifetime cognitive change. This protocol report is important in alerting other researchers to the data available in the cohort.
Recruitment flowchart for the Lothian Birth Cohort 1936.
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| Childhood cognitive ability accounts for associations between cognitive ability and brain cortical thickness in old age. | Karama S et al. | β | 2014 | β |
| Circulating inflammatory markers are associated with magnetic resonance imaging-visible perivascular spaces but not directly with white matter hyperintensities. | Aribisala BS et al. | β | 2014 | β |
| Cognitive and personality factors in the prediction of health behaviors: an examination of total, direct and indirect effects. | Hall PA et al. | β | 2014 | β |
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| Criteria for validation and selection of cognitive tests for investigating the effects of foods and nutrients. | de Jager CA et al. | β | 2014 | β |
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| GWAS-based pathway analysis differentiates between fluid and crystallized intelligence. | Christoforou A et al. | β | 2014 | β |
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| Vascular risk factors, large-artery atheroma, and brain white matter hyperintensities. | Wardlaw JM et al. | β | 2014 | β |
| Alzheimer's disease susceptibility genes APOE and TOMM40, and hippocampal volumes in the Lothian birth cohort 1936. | Lyall DM et al. | β | 2013 | β |
| Assessing the performance of atlas-based prefrontal brain parcellation in an aging cohort. | Aribisala BS et al. | β | 2013 | β |
| Associations between level and change in physical function and brain volumes. | Aribisala BS et al. | β | 2013 | β |
| Brain atrophy associations with white matter lesions in the ageing brain: the Lothian Birth Cohort 1936. | Aribisala BS et al. | β | 2013 | β |
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| Brain white matter tract integrity and cognitive abilities in community-dwelling older people: the Lothian Birth Cohort, 1936. | Booth T et al. | β | 2013 | β |
| Characterization of multifocal T2*-weighted MRI hypointensities in the basal ganglia of elderly, community-dwelling subjects. | Glatz A et al. | β | 2013 | β |
| Complex variation in measures of general intelligence and cognitive change. | Rowe SJ et al. | β | 2013 | β |
| Cytomegalovirus infection and cognitive abilities in old age. | Gow AJ et al. | β | 2013 | β |
| Diabetes and life-long cognitive ability. | MΓ΅ttus R et al. | β | 2013 | β |
| Do dietary patterns influence cognitive function in old age? | Corley J et al. | β | 2013 | β |
| Estimated maximal and current brain volume predict cognitive ability in old age. | Royle NA et al. | β | 2013 | β |
| GWAS of 126,559 individuals identifies genetic variants associated with educational attainment. | Rietveld CA et al. | β | 2013 | β |
| Incidental findings on brain MR imaging in older community-dwelling subjects are common but serious medical consequences are rare: a cohort study. | Sandeman EM et al. | β | 2013 | β |
| Influence of thickening of the inner skull table on intracranial volume measurement in older people. | Royle NA et al. | β | 2013 | β |
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| Multi-site genetic analysis of diffusion images and voxelwise heritability analysis: a pilot project of the ENIGMA-DTI working group. | Jahanshad N et al. | β | 2013 | β |
| Neuroticism, depressive symptoms and white-matter integrity in the Lothian Birth Cohort 1936. | McIntosh AM et al. | β | 2013 | β |
| Non-replication of an association of Apolipoprotein E2 with sinistrality. | Piper BJ et al. | β | 2013 | β |
| Polygenic risk for schizophrenia is associated with cognitive change between childhood and old age. | McIntosh AM et al. | β | 2013 | β |
| Retinal nerve fiber layer thickness and cognitive ability in older people: the Lothian Birth Cohort 1936 study. | Laude A et al. | β | 2013 | β |
| Seropositivity for CMV and IL-6 levels are associated with grip strength and muscle size in the elderly. | Kilgour AH et al. | β | 2013 | β |
| Thyroid stimulating hormone, free thyroxine and cognitive ability in old age: the Lothian Birth Cohort Study 1936. | Booth T et al. | β | 2013 | β |
| A genome-wide search for genetic influences and biological pathways related to the brain's white matter integrity. | Lopez LM et al. | β | 2012 | β |
| Brain iron deposits are associated with general cognitive ability and cognitive aging. | Penke L et al. | β | 2012 | β |
| Brain white matter tract integrity as a neural foundation for general intelligence. | Penke L et al. | β | 2012 | β |
| Cohort profile: the Lothian Birth Cohorts of 1921 and 1936. | Deary IJ et al. | β | 2012 | β |
| Depressive symptoms and diet: their effects on prospective inflammation levels in the elderly. | Luciano M et al. | β | 2012 | β |
| Design and validation of a novel method to measure cross-sectional area of neck muscles included during routine MR brain volume imaging. | Kilgour AH et al. | β | 2012 | β |
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| Neuroprotective lifestyles and the aging brain: activity, atrophy, and white matter integrity. | Gow AJ et al. | β | 2012 | β |
| Neuroticism combined with slower and more variable reaction time: synergistic risk factors for 7-year cognitive decline in females. | Hagger-Johnson GE et al. | β | 2012 | β |
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| Psychosocial factors and health as determinants of quality of life in community-dwelling older adults. | Brett CE et al. | β | 2012 | β |
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| Telomere length and aging biomarkers in 70-year-olds: the Lothian Birth Cohort 1936. | Harris SE et al. | β | 2012 | β |
| The association between retinal vessel morphology and retinal nerve fiber layer thickness in an elderly population. | Grinton ME et al. | β | 2012 | β |
| The role of ECE1 variants in cognitive ability in old age and Alzheimer's disease risk. | Hamilton G et al. | β | 2012 | β |
| Alzheimer's disease genes are associated with measures of cognitive ageing in the lothian birth cohorts of 1921 and 1936. | Hamilton G et al. | β | 2011 | β |
| Antioxidant and B vitamin intake in relation to cognitive function in later life in the Lothian Birth Cohort 1936. | McNeill G et al. | β | 2011 | β |
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| Flavonoid intake in relation to cognitive function in later life in the Lothian Birth Cohort 1936. | Butchart C et al. | β | 2011 | β |
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| The genetic association between personality and major depression or bipolar disorder. A polygenic score analysis using genome-wide association data. | Middeldorp CM et al. | β | 2011 | β |
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| Association of existing and new candidate genes for anxiety, depression and personality traits in older people. | Luciano M et al. | β | 2010 | β |
| Caffeine consumption and cognitive function at age 70: the Lothian Birth Cohort 1936 study. | Corley J et al. | β | 2010 | β |
| Common variants of large effect in F12, KNG1, and HRG are associated with activated partial thromboplastin time. | Houlihan LM et al. | β | 2010 | β |
| Differences in the haematological profile of healthy 70 year old men and women: normal ranges with confirmatory factor analysis. | McIlhagger R et al. | β | 2010 | β |
| Genetic variants associated with altered plasma levels of C-reactive protein are not associated with late-life cognitive ability in four Scottish samples. | Marioni RE et al. | β | 2010 | β |
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| Replication association analysis of S100B and cognitive ageing. | Houlihan LM et al. | β | 2010 | β |
| The role of attention in binding visual features in working memory: evidence from cognitive ageing. | Brown LA et al. | β | 2010 | β |
| Variation in DISC1 is associated with anxiety, depression and emotional stability in elderly women. | Harris SE et al. | β | 2010 | β |
| White matter integrity in the splenium of the corpus callosum is related to successful cognitive aging and partly mediates the protective effect of an ancestral polymorphism in ADRB2. | Penke L et al. | β | 2010 | β |
| A cytogenetic abnormality and rare coding variants identify ABCA13 as a candidate gene in schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and depression. | Knight HM et al. | β | 2009 | β |
| A Functional polymorphism under positive evolutionary selection in ADRB2 is associated with human intelligence with opposite effects in the young and the elderly. | Bochdanovits Z et al. | β | 2009 | β |
| Apolipoprotein E is not related to memory abilities at 70 years of age. | Luciano M et al. | β | 2009 | β |
| Diet and cognitive function in later life: a challenge for nutrition epidemiology. | McNeill G et al. | β | 2009 | β |
| Estimating age of majority on third molars developmental stages in young adults from Thailand using a modified scoring technique. | Thevissen PW et al. | β | 2009 | β |
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| Increasing longevity through caloric restriction or rapamycin feeding in mammals: common mechanisms for common outcomes? | Cox LS et al. | β | 2009 | β |
| Replication study of candidate genes for cognitive abilities: the Lothian Birth Cohort 1936. | Houlihan LM et al. | β | 2009 | β |
| Reverse causation in the association between C-reactive protein and fibrinogen levels and cognitive abilities in an aging sample. | Luciano M et al. | β | 2009 | β |
| Selected summaries from the XVI World Congress of Psychiatric Genetics, Osaka, Japan, 11-15 October 2008. | Bergen S et al. | β | 2009 | β |
| The role of birth cohorts in studies of adult health: the New York women's birth cohort. | Terry MB et al. | β | 2009 | β |
| Variants in doublecortin- and calmodulin kinase like 1, a gene up-regulated by BDNF, are associated with memory and general cognitive abilities. | Le Hellard S et al. | β | 2009 | β |
| Variation in the dysbindin gene and normal cognitive function in three independent population samples. | Luciano M et al. | β | 2009 | β |