Genome-wide Association Study of Maximum Habitual Alcohol Intake in >140,000 U.S. European and African American Veterans Yields Novel Risk Loci.
- Authors
- Gelernter, Joel; Sun, Ning; Polimanti, Renato; Pietrzak, Robert H; Levey, Daniel F; Lu, Qiongshi; Hu, Yiming; Li, Boyang; Radhakrishnan, Krishnan; Aslan, Mihaela; Cheung, Kei-Hoi; Li, Yuli; Rajeevan, Nallakkandi; Sayward, Fred; Harrington, Kelly; Chen, Quan; Cho, Kelly; Honerlaw, Jacqueline; Pyarajan, Saiju; Lencz, Todd; Quaden, Rachel; Shi, Yunling; Hunter-Zinck, Haley; Gaziano, J Michael; Kranzler, Henry R; Concato, John; Zhao, Hongyu; Stein, Murray B; Department of Veterans Affairs Cooperative Studies Program (No. 575B); Million Veteran Program
- Year
- 2019
- Journal
- Biological psychiatry
- PMID
- 31151762
- DOI
- 10.1016/j.biopsych.2019.03.984
- PMCID
- PMC6919570
BACKGROUND: Habitual alcohol use can be an indicator of alcohol dependence, which is associated with a wide range of serious health problems. METHODS: We completed a genome-wide association study in 126,936 European American and 17,029 African American subjects in the Veterans Affairs Million Veteran Program for a quantitative phenotype based on maximum habitual alcohol consumption. RESULTS: ADH1B, on chromosome 4, was the lead locus for both populations: for the European American sample, rs1229984 (pΒ = 4.9Β Γ 10); for African American, rs2066702 (pΒ = 2.3Β Γ 10). In the European American sample, we identified three additional genome-wide-significant maximum habitual alcohol consumption loci: on chromosome 17, rs77804065 (pΒ = 1.5Β Γ 10), at CRHR1 (corticotropin-releasing hormone receptor 1); the protein product of this gene is involved in stress and immune responses; and on chromosomes 8 and 10. European American and African American samples were then meta-analyzed; the associated region at CRHR1 increased in significance to 1.02Β Γ 10, and we identified two additional genome-wide significant loci, FGF14 (pΒ = 9.86Β Γ 10) (chromosome 13) and a locus on chromosome 11. Besides ADH1B, none of the five loci have prior genome-wide significant support. Post-genome-wide association study analysis identified genetic correlation to other alcohol-related traits, smoking-related traits, and many others. Replications were observed in UK Biobank data. Genetic correlation between maximum habitual alcohol consumption and alcohol dependence was 0.87 (pΒ = 4.78Β Γ 10). Enrichment for cell types included dopaminergic and gamma-aminobutyric acidergic neurons in midbrain, and pancreatic delta cells. CONCLUSIONS: The present study supports five novel alcohol-use risk loci, with particularly strong statistical support for CRHR1. Additionally, we provide novel insight regarding the biology of harmful alcohol use.
Manhattan plot
LLM interpretation
This is a Manhattan plot showing the association between genetic variants and a trait across 22 chromosomes. The y-axis represents the $-\log_{10}(p\text{-value})$, with a prominent, highly significant peak of red data points on chromosome 4 reaching values above 40. Two horizontal lines indicate significance thresholds, with most other chromosomes showing values below these lines, except for a small peak on chromosome 17.
Regional Manhattan Plots:A. Regional Manhattan plot, chromosome 4 ADH genes, EURB. Regional Manhattan plot, chromosome 4 ADH genes, AFRC. Regional Manhattan plot, meta-analysis of EUR and AFR, chromosome 17 (CRHR1) region
LLM interpretation
This figure consists of three regional Manhattan plots (A, B, and C) showing genetic associations across specific chromosomal regions. Each plot displays $-\log_{10}(p\text{-value})$ on the y-axis against genomic position (Mb) on the x-axis, with a secondary y-axis for recombination rate and color-coding for linkage disequilibrium ($r^2$). Plot A (EUR) and Plot B (AFR) focus on the *ADH* gene cluster on chromosome 4, while Plot C shows a meta-analysis of EUR and AFR populations for the *CRHR1* region on chromosome 17, with lead SNPs (rs1229984, rs2066702, and rs61667602) explicitly labeled.
Phenome-wide genetic-correlation analysis. Blue shades corresponds to significance strength, from white, non-significant (p > 0.05), to very light blue (p < 0.05), light blue (FDR q < 0.05), to blue (Bonferroni correction p < 2.81 Γ 10β40), and dark blue (top-20 results). Phenotype labels are included for the top 20 results.
LLM interpretation
This is a volcano-style scatter plot showing phenome-wide genetic correlations ($r_g$) on the x-axis and $-\log_{10}(P\text{ value})$ on the y-axis. Data points are color-coded by significance strength, ranging from white (non-significant) to dark blue (top 20 results). The plot reveals significant genetic correlations for various phenotypes, with the strongest positive correlations associated with current tobacco smoking and the strongest negative correlations associated with past tobacco smoking and educational attainment.
Manhattan plot, gene-based association results
LLM interpretation
This is a Manhattan plot showing gene-based association results across 22 chromosomes. The y-axis represents the $-\log_{10}(P\text{ value})$, with a red dashed significance threshold line at approximately 5.5. Several genes, including *KANSL1*, *CRHR1*, and *WNT3*, are highlighted in red as significant outliers, with the highest association values appearing on chromosome 17.
A. Statistical significance of the enrichments for tissue-specific gene expression. Detailed results are reported in Supplementary Table 4.B. Statistical significances for cell types in human cortex from adult samples. βHybridβ refers to a mixture of oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPC), oligodendrocytes, and neurons. Detailed results are reported in Supplementary Table 5.C. Statistical significances for cell types in human midbrain. Detailed results and acronym legends are reported in Supplementary Table 6.D. Statistical significances for cell types in human pancreas. Detailed results are reported in Supplementary Table 7.E. Statistical significances for cell types in conventional dendritic cells (cDC). Detailed results are reported in Supplementary Table 8.
LLM interpretation
This figure consists of five bar charts (AβE) showing the statistical significance of gene expression enrichments across various tissues and cell types, with the y-axis representing $-\log_{10}(P\text{ value})$. In each plot, bars are sorted by significance, with red bars indicating values above a dashed significance threshold and blue bars indicating values below it. The charts compare enrichments for general tissues (A), human cortex cell types (B), human midbrain cell types (C), human pancreas cell types (D), and conventional dendritic cell subtypes (E).
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