Pathways to post-traumatic stress disorder and alcohol dependence: Trauma, executive functioning, and family history of alcoholism in adolescents and young adults.
paper
Primary
Public
- Authors
- Subbie-Saenz de Viteri, Stacey; Pandey, Ashwini; Pandey, Gayathri; Kamarajan, Chella; Smith, Rebecca; Anokhin, Andrey; Bauer, Lance; Bender, Annah; Chan, Grace; Dick, Danielle; Edenberg, Howard; Kinreich, Sivan; Kramer, John; Schuckit, Marc; Zang, Yong; McCutcheon, Vivia; Bucholz, Kathleen; Porjesz, Bernice; Meyers, Jacquelyn L
- Year
- 2020
- Journal
- Brain and behavior
- PMID
- 32990406
- DOI
- 10.1002/brb3.1789
- PMCID
- PMC7667345
INTRODUCTION: Family history (FH) of alcohol dependence is likely to increase the risk of trauma exposure, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and alcohol dependence. FH of alcohol dependence and trauma has been separately shown to adversely affect planning/problem-solving aspects of executive function. However, few studies have examined these risk factors in an integrated model. METHODS: Using data from trauma-exposed individuals from the Collaborative Study on the Genetics of Alcoholism prospective cohort (N = 1,860), comprising offspring from alcohol-dependent high-risk and comparison families (mean age [SE] = 21.9 [4.2]), we investigated associations of trauma (nonsexual assaultive, nonassaultive, sexual assaultive) with DSM-IV PTSD and alcohol dependence symptom counts, and planning/problem-solving abilities assessed using the Tower of London Test (TOLT). Moderating effects of family history density of alcohol use disorder (FHD) on these associations and sex differences were explored. RESULTS: Family history density was positively associated with PTSD in female participants who endorsed a sexual assaultive trauma. Exposure to nonsexual assaultive trauma was associated with more excess moves made on the TOLT. CONCLUSION: Findings from this study demonstrate associations with PTSD and alcohol dependence symptom counts, as well as poor problem-solving ability in trauma-exposed individuals from families densely affected with alcohol dependence, depending on trauma type, FHD, and sex. This suggests that having a FH of alcohol dependence and exposure to trauma during adolescence may be associated with more PTSD and alcohol dependence symptoms, and poor problem-solving abilities in adulthood.
Pathway model used to investigate main and interaction effects of trauma exposure and family history density of alcohol use disorder (FHD) with post‐traumatic stress disorder and alcohol dependence symptom counts, and planning and problem‐solving measures from the Tower of London Test (average trial times, excess moves made). Note: Not pictured but are also included in this model are covariates: sex, self‐reported race/ethnicity, age, income, educational attainment (i.e., highest grade completed), number of TOLT sessions.
Associations of trauma and family history density of alcohol use disorder (FHD) with post‐traumatic stress disorder symptom counts, alcohol dependence symptom counts, TOLT average trial times, and TOLT excess moves made. Note: Only significant pathways are displayed. Not pictured but are also included in this model are interaction variables (non‐sexual assaultive trauma X FHD, non‐assaultive trauma X FHD, sexual assaultive trauma X FHD) and covariates (self‐reported gender, race/ethnicity, age, income, educational attainment (i.e., highest grade completed), number of TOLT sessions). TOLT, Tower of London Test
Associations of trauma, family history density of alcohol use disorder (FHD) and trauma‐FHD interactions with post‐traumatic stress disorder symptom counts, alcohol dependence symptom counts, TOLT average trial times, and TOLT excess moves made in male (a) and female (b) participants. Note: Only significant pathways are displayed. Not pictured but are also included in this model are covariates: self‐reported race/ethnicity, age, income, educational attainment (i.e., highest grade completed), number of TOLT sessions. TOLT, Tower of London Test
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| Name | Type |
|---|---|
| adolescents | cohort |
| adults | cohort |
| age | phenotype |
| alcohol | phenotype |
| alcohol dependence | phenotype |
| Alcohol Dependence Families local | cohort |
| Alcohol Dependence Symptoms | phenotype |
| alcohol-dependent high-risk families local | cohort |
| alcohol-related problems | phenotype |
| Alcohol Use Disorder | phenotype |
| average trial time local | phenotype |
| Average Trial Time local | phenotype |
| binge drinking | phenotype |
| Bucker2012 cohort local | cohort |
| childhood | cohort |
| COGA sample | cohort |
| cognition | phenotype |
| Collaborative Study on the Genetics of Alcoholism (COGA) | cohort |
| combined sample | cohort |
| Community comparison families | cohort |
| controls | cohort |
| DSM-5 AUD | phenotype |
| DSM-IV alcohol dependence | phenotype |
| early adolescent boys local | cohort |
| early adolescent girls local | cohort |
| early trauma | phenotype |
| educational attainment | phenotype |
| emerging adulthood | cohort |
| excess moves local | phenotype |
| Excess moves made local | phenotype |
| Excess Moves Made local | phenotype |
| executive function | phenotype |
| executive functioning | phenotype |
| Executive functioning planning and problem‑solving local | phenotype |
| Executive function planning and problem solving local | phenotype |
| Familial trauma local | phenotype |
| family history density | phenotype |
| Family History Density (FHD) local | phenotype |
| family history of alcoholism | phenotype |
| family history of depression | phenotype |
| female individuals | cohort |
| female participants | cohort |
| Female participants with sexual assaultive trauma local | cohort |
| FHD | cohort |
| full sample | cohort |
| Greater number of errors in affective Go/No‑Go task local | phenotype |
| hyperarousal | phenotype |
| income | phenotype |
| interpersonal trauma | phenotype |
| irritability | phenotype |
| male participants | cohort |
| men | cohort |
| mood disorders | phenotype |
| nonassaultive trauma | phenotype |
| nonassaultive traumatic exposures local | phenotype |
| Nonfamilial trauma local | phenotype |
| Nonsexual assault local | phenotype |
| nonsexual assaultive trauma local | phenotype |
| Nonsexual assaultive trauma local | phenotype |
| Nonsexual Assaultive Trauma local | phenotype |
| No trauma exposure local | phenotype |
| parental alcoholism | phenotype |
| paternal alcohol use disorder | phenotype |
| physical abuse | phenotype |
| physical trauma | phenotype |
| Planning and problem-solving abilities local | phenotype |
| Planning/problem-solving ability local | phenotype |
| Planning/problem-solving aspects of executive functioning local | phenotype |
| Poor cognitive function local | phenotype |
| poorer TOLT performance local | phenotype |
| poor executive functioning | phenotype |
| Poor performance (executive function composite score) local | phenotype |
| Poor planning and problem‑solving skills local | phenotype |
| poor problem-solving local | phenotype |
| posttraumatic stress disorder | phenotype |
| Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder | phenotype |
| Post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms | phenotype |
| prefrontal cortex | anatomy |
| psychotherapy outcome local | phenotype |
| PTSD symptom local | phenotype |
| PTSD symptom count local | phenotype |
| PTSD symptom counts local | phenotype |
| PTSD Symptom Counts local | phenotype |
| race/ethnicity | phenotype |
| Reckless behavior local | phenotype |
| response inhibition | phenotype |
| sex | phenotype |
| sexual trauma | phenotype |
| substance use | phenotype |
| theta activity | phenotype |
| TOLT excess moves local | phenotype |
| TOLT excess moves made local | phenotype |
| TOLT task performance local | phenotype |
| Tower of London Test local | phenotype |
| Tower of London Test Performance Measures local | phenotype |
| trauma | phenotype |
| trauma-exposed children local | cohort |
| Trauma‑exposed children local | cohort |
| trauma-exposed individuals | cohort |
| trauma-exposed individuals local | phenotype |
| trauma exposure | phenotype |
| veterans | cohort |
| women | cohort |
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External
| Title | Authors | Journal | Year | Link |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Childhood Trauma and<i>APOEε4</i>are Associated with Adolescent Brain Function, Posttraumatic Stress, and Alcohol-related Outcomes | Neale ZE et al. | — | 2025 | — |
| Unraveling the Link Between Trauma and Problematic Alcohol Use Over Time: The Influence of Executive Function and Social Cognition Deficits. | Lu YY et al. | — | 2025 | → |
| Childhood trauma is associated with developmental trajectories of EEG coherence, alcohol-related outcomes, and PTSD symptoms. | Neale ZE et al. | — | 2024 | → |
| Changes over time in endorsement of 11 DSM-IV alcohol use disorder (AUD) criteria in young adults with persistent or recurrent AUD in The Collaborative Study on the Genetics of Alcoholism. | Schuckit MA et al. | — | 2023 | → |
| COVID-19 pandemic stressors are associated with reported increases in frequency of drunkenness among individuals with a history of alcohol use disorder. | Meyers JL et al. | — | 2023 | → |
| Do personality characteristics predict future alcohol problems after considering current demography, substance use, and alcohol response? | Schuckit MA et al. | — | 2023 | → |
| The collaborative study on the genetics of alcoholism: Brain function. | Meyers JL et al. | — | 2023 | → |
| The Collaborative Study on the Genetics of Alcoholism: Overview. | Agrawal A et al. | — | 2023 | → |
| Treating posttraumatic stress disorder and alcohol use disorder comorbidity: Current pharmacological therapies and the future of MDMA-integrated psychotherapy. | Gully BJ et al. | — | 2023 | → |
| Coping motives mediate the relationship between PTSD and MDMA use in adolescents with substance use disorders. | Basedow LA et al. | — | 2022 | → |
| Dietary patterns of adolescent students during the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown. | Martín-Rodríguez A et al. | — | 2022 | → |
| Pathways to post-traumatic stress disorder and alcohol dependence: Trauma, executive functioning, and family history of alcoholism in adolescents and young adults. | Subbie-Saenz de Viteri S et al. | — | 2020 | → |