Alcohol and aldehyde dehydrogenase genotypes and alcoholism in Chinese men.
paper
Cited
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- Authors
- Thomasson, H R; Edenberg, H J; Crabb, D W; Mai, X L; Jerome, R E; Li, T K; Wang, S P; Lin, Y T; Lu, R B; Yin, S J
- Year
- 1991
- Journal
- American journal of human genetics
- PMID
- 2014795
- PMCID
- PMC1682953
The liver enzymes alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) and aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH), which are responsible for the oxidative metabolism of ethanol, are polymorphic in humans. An allele encoding an inactive form of the mitochondrial ALDH2 is known to reduce the likelihood of alcoholism in Japanese. We hypothesized that the polymorphisms of both ALDH and ADH modify the predisposition to development of alcoholism. Therefore, we determined the genotypes of the ADH2, ADH3, and ALDH2 loci of alcoholic and nonalcoholic Chinese men living in Taiwan, using leukocyte DNA amplified by the PCR and allele-specific oligonucleotides. The alcoholics had significantly lower frequencies of the ADH2*2, ADH3*1, and ALDH2*2 alleles than did the nonalcoholics, suggesting that genetic variation in both ADH and ALDH, by modulating the rate of metabolism of ethanol and acetaldehyde, influences drinking behavior and the risk of developing alcoholism.
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| Considerable haplotype diversity within the 23kb encompassing the ADH7 gene. | Han Y et al. | — | 2005 | → |
| Genetic polymorphisms: impact on the risk of fetal alcohol spectrum disorders. | Warren KR et al. | — | 2005 | → |
| Genetic time-series analysis identifies a major QTL for in vivo alcohol metabolism not predicted by in vitro studies of structural protein polymorphism at the ADH1B or ADH1C loci. | Birley AJ et al. | — | 2005 | → |
| Mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase polymorphism is not associated with incidence of Alzheimer's disease. | Shin IS et al. | — | 2005 | → |
| Natural haplotypes in the regulatory sequences affect human alcohol dehydrogenase 1C (ADH1C) gene expression. | Chen HJ et al. | — | 2005 | → |
| No alcoholism-protection effects of ADH1B*2 allele in antisocial alcoholics among Han Chinese in Taiwan. | Lu RB et al. | — | 2005 | → |
| Polymorphisms in the mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase gene (Aldh2) determine peak blood acetaldehyde levels and voluntary ethanol consumption in rats. | Quintanilla ME et al. | — | 2005 | → |
| Psychosocial, cultural and genetic influences on alcohol use in Asian American youth. | Hendershot CS et al. | — | 2005 | → |
| Rapid, accurate genotyping of alcohol dehydrogenase-1B and aldehyde dehydrogenase-2 based on the use of denaturing HPLC. | Li L et al. | — | 2005 | → |
| Relationship between genetic polymorphisms of alcohol and aldehyde dehydrogenases and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma risk in males. | Wu CF et al. | — | 2005 | → |
| Scanning of genetic effects of alcohol metabolism gene (ADH1B and ADH1C) polymorphisms on the risk of alcoholism. | Choi IG et al. | — | 2005 | → |
| The genetics of addictions: uncovering the genes. | Goldman D et al. | — | 2005 | → |
| World Health Organization/International Society for Biomedical Research on Alcoholism study on state and trait markers of alcohol use and dependence: back to the future. | Wurst FM et al. | — | 2005 | → |
| A FRET-based analysis of SNPs without fluorescent probes. | Takatsu K et al. | — | 2004 | → |
| Alcohol dehydrogenase polymorphisms influence alcohol-elimination rates in a male Jewish population. | Neumark YD et al. | — | 2004 | → |
| Allelic and haplotypic association of GABRA2 with alcohol dependence. | Covault J et al. | — | 2004 | → |
| A new approach to SNP genotyping with fluorescently labeled mononucleotides. | Takatsu K et al. | — | 2004 | → |
| Assessment of association between mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase polymorphism and Alzheimer's disease in an older Korean population. | Kim JM et al. | — | 2004 | → |
| Genes associated with addiction: alcoholism, opiate, and cocaine addiction. | Kreek MJ et al. | — | 2004 | → |
| Genetic modification of the effect of alcohol consumption on CHD. | Hines LM | — | 2004 | → |
| Genetic polymorphism in ethanol metabolism: acetaldehyde contribution to alcohol abuse and alcoholism. | Quertemont E | — | 2004 | → |
| Genetic polymorphisms of ADH2, ADH3, CYP4502E1 Dra-I and Pst-I, and ALDH2 in Spanish men: lack of association with alcoholism and alcoholic liver disease. | Vidal F et al. | — | 2004 | → |
| Genetics of major mood disorders. | Berrettini W | — | 2004 | → |
| Influence of genetic variations of ethanol-metabolizing enzymes on phenotypes of alcohol-related disorders. | Higuchi S et al. | — | 2004 | → |
| Mouse striatal transcriptome analysis: effects of oral self-administration of alcohol. | Saito M et al. | — | 2004 | → |
| Overview of the role of alcohol dehydrogenase and aldehyde dehydrogenase and their variants in the genesis of alcohol-related pathology. | Crabb DW et al. | — | 2004 | → |
| Possible interaction of alcohol dehydrogenase and aldehyde dehydrogenase genes with the dopamine D2 receptor gene in anxiety-depressive alcohol dependence. | Huang SY et al. | — | 2004 | → |
| Relation of genotypes of alcohol metabolizing enzymes and mortality of liver diseases in patients with alcohol dependence. | Chen CC et al. | — | 2004 | → |
| The University of California, San Francisco Family Alcoholism Study. I. Design, methods, and demographics. | Vieten C et al. | — | 2004 | → |
| Aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 and beta3-adrenergic receptor gene polymorphisms: their association with elevated liver enzymes and metabolic syndrome. | Murata C et al. | — | 2003 | → |
| Aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 genotypes, alcohol flushing symptoms and drinking patterns in Thai men. | Assanangkornchai S et al. | — | 2003 | → |
| Allelic variation at alcohol metabolism genes ( ADH1B, ADH1C, ALDH2) and alcohol dependence in an American Indian population. | Mulligan CJ et al. | — | 2003 | → |
| alpha-Synuclein maps to a quantitative trait locus for alcohol preference and is differentially expressed in alcohol-preferring and -nonpreferring rats. | Liang T et al. | — | 2003 | → |
| Candidate genes for alcohol dependence: a review of genetic evidence from human studies. | Dick DM et al. | — | 2003 | → |
| Different data from different labs: lessons from studies of gene-environment interaction. | Wahlsten D et al. | — | 2003 | → |
| Genetic and environmental influences on human psychological differences. | Bouchard TJ et al. | — | 2003 | → |
| Genetics and genomics of behavioral and psychiatric disorders. | Inoue K et al. | — | 2003 | → |
| Investigation of alcohol metabolizing enzyme genes in Chinese alcoholics with avascular necrosis of hip joint, pancreatitis and cirrhosis of the liver. | Chao YC et al. | — | 2003 | → |
| Investigation of DUSP8 and CALCA in alcohol dependence. | Hink RL et al. | — | 2003 | → |
| Neither antisocial personality disorder nor antisocial alcoholism is associated with the MAO-A gene in Han Chinese males. | Lu RB et al. | — | 2003 | → |
| NPY Leu7Pro and alcohol dependence in Finnish and Swedish populations. | Zhu G et al. | — | 2003 | → |
| Pharmacogenomics of alcohol response and addiction. | Enoch MA | — | 2003 | → |
| Prenatal alcohol exposure: advancing knowledge through international collaborations. | Riley EP et al. | — | 2003 | → |
| The complexity of complex diseases. | Conneally PM | — | 2003 | → |
| The role of GABAA receptors in mediating the effects of alcohol in the central nervous system. | Davies M | — | 2003 | → |
| Use of an "acetaldehyde clamp" in the determination of low-KM aldehyde dehydrogenase activity in H4-II-E-C3 rat hepatoma cells. | Moncada C et al. | — | 2003 | → |
| A global perspective on genetic variation at the ADH genes reveals unusual patterns of linkage disequilibrium and diversity. | Osier MV et al. | — | 2002 | → |
| A proline-threonine substitution in codon 351 of ADH1C is common in Native Americans. | Osier MV et al. | — | 2002 | → |
| Association study of alcoholism subtypes with a functional promoter polymorphism in the serotonin transporter protein gene. | Kranzler H et al. | — | 2002 | → |
| Contribution of genetic polymorphisms in ethanol-metabolizing enzymes to problem drinking behavior in middle-aged Japanese men. | Sun F et al. | — | 2002 | → |
| Endocannabinoids and cannabinoid receptor genetics. | Onaivi ES et al. | — | 2002 | → |
| Influence of ADH1B polymorphism on alcohol use and its subjective effects in a Jewish population. | Carr LG et al. | — | 2002 | → |
| Lifestyle habits and genetic susceptibility and the risk of esophageal cancer in the Thai population. | Boonyaphiphat P et al. | — | 2002 | → |
| No association of the MAOA gene with alcoholism among Han Chinese males in Taiwan. | Lu RB et al. | — | 2002 | → |
| Polymorphism in alcohol-metabolizing enzymes, glutathione S-transferases and apolipoprotein E and susceptibility to alcohol-induced cirrhosis and chronic pancreatitis. | Frenzer A et al. | — | 2002 | → |
| The genetics of alcoholism in Polynesians: alcohol and aldehyde dehydrogenase genotypes in young men. | Chambers GK et al. | — | 2002 | → |
| Alcoholism, ALDH2*2 allele and the A1 allele of the dopamine D2 receptor gene: an association study. | Matsushita S et al. | — | 2001 | → |
| Association of the ADH2*3 allele with a negative family history of alcoholism in African American young adults. | Ehlers CL et al. | — | 2001 | → |
| Association of the ADH2 genotypes with skin responses after ethanol exposure in Japanese male university students. | Takeshita T et al. | — | 2001 | → |
| Current concepts in the pathogenesis of alcoholic liver injury. | Tsukamoto H et al. | — | 2001 | → |
| Dopamine D2 receptor gene (DRD2) is associated with alcoholism with conduct disorder. | Lu RB et al. | — | 2001 | → |
| Eliciting the low-activity aldehyde dehydrogenase Asian phenotype by an antisense mechanism results in an aversion to ethanol. | Garver E et al. | — | 2001 | → |
| Functional polymorphism in the alcohol dehydrogenase 3 (ADH3) promoter. | Hedberg JJ et al. | — | 2001 | → |
| Functional relevance of human adh polymorphism. | Eriksson CJ et al. | — | 2001 | → |
| Genetic and environmental influences on alcohol metabolism in humans. | Li TK et al. | — | 2001 | → |
| Genetic determinants of ethanol-induced liver damage. | Monzoni A et al. | — | 2001 | → |
| Metabolic and ethnic determinants of alcohol drinking habits and vulnerability to alcohol-related disorder. | Harada S et al. | — | 2001 | → |
| Multipoint development of the weighted pairwise correlation (WPC) linkage method for pedigrees of arbitrary size and application to the analysis of breast cancer and alcoholism familial data. | Zinn-Justin A et al. | — | 2001 | → |
| Research advances in ethanol metabolism. | Ramchandani VA et al. | — | 2001 | → |
| The genetics of alcoholism and alcohol abuse. | Enoch MA et al. | — | 2001 | → |
| The role of acetaldehyde in the actions of alcohol (update 2000). | Eriksson CJ | — | 2001 | → |
| Towards a molecular epidemiology of alcohol dependence: analysing the interplay of genetic and environmental risk factors. | Heath AC et al. | — | 2001 | → |
| Variation in alcohol pharmacokinetics as a risk factor for alcohol dependence. | Whitfield JB et al. | — | 2001 | → |
| Accumulation of hemoglobin-associated acetaldehyde with habitual alcohol drinking in the atypical ALDH2 genotype. | Takeshita T et al. | — | 2000 | → |
| A genome screen of maximum number of drinks as an alcoholism phenotype. | Saccone NL et al. | — | 2000 | → |
| Alcohol and aldehyde dehydrogenase genotypes in Korsakoff syndrome. | Matsushita S et al. | — | 2000 | → |
| Alcohol and aldehyde dehydrogenase polymorphisms in Japanese patients with alcohol-induced chronic pancreatitis. | Kimura S et al. | — | 2000 | → |
| Alcoholism susceptibility loci: confirmation studies in a replicate sample and further mapping. | Foroud T et al. | — | 2000 | → |
| Association of D2 dopamine receptor and alcohol dehydrogenase 2 genes with Polynesian alcoholics. | Amadéo S et al. | — | 2000 | → |
| Characteristics of Japanese alcoholics with inactive aldehyde dehydrogenase: clinical features of alcoholics with ALDH2*2. | Nakamura K et al. | — | 2000 | → |
| Chinese alcoholic patients with esophageal cancer are genetically different from alcoholics with acute pancreatitis and liver cirrhosis. | Chao YC et al. | — | 2000 | → |
| Deficiency in mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase increases the risk for late-onset Alzheimer's disease in the Japanese population. | Kamino K et al. | — | 2000 | → |
| Fatal acute alcohol intoxication in an ALDH2 heterozygote: a case report. | Yamamoto H et al. | — | 2000 | → |
| Genes and addiction. | Nestler EJ | — | 2000 | → |
| Genetic polymorphism of alcohol dehydrogenase in europeans: the ADH2*2 allele decreases the risk for alcoholism and is associated with ADH3*1. | Borràs E et al. | — | 2000 | → |
| Regulation of the mammalian alcohol dehydrogenase genes. | Edenberg HJ | — | 2000 | → |
| Relationship between alcohol drinking, ADH2 and ALDH2 genotypes, and risk for hepatocellular carcinoma in Japanese. | Takeshita T et al. | — | 2000 | → |
| Alcohol and aldehyde dehydrogenase gene polymorphisms influence susceptibility to esophageal cancer in Japanese alcoholics. | Yokoyama A et al. | — | 1999 | → |
| Alcohol metabolism and cardiovascular response in an alcoholic patient homozygous for the ALDH2*2 variant gene allele. | Chen YC et al. | — | 1999 | → |
| A novel polymorphism (-357 G/A) of the ALDH2 gene: linkage disequilibrium and an association with alcoholism. | Harada S et al. | — | 1999 | → |
| Effects of alcohol intake and low Km aldehyde dehydrogenase on hepatic function in a high hepatitis C virus-prevalent Japanese island population. | Yang X et al. | — | 1999 | → |
| Genetic studies of alcoholism and substance dependence. | Reich T et al. | — | 1999 | → |
| Genome search for alcohol dependence using the weighted pairwise correlation linkage method: interesting findings on chromosome 4. | Zinn-Justin A et al. | — | 1999 | → |
| Genotypes of alcohol-metabolizing enzymes in relation to alcoholic chronic pancreatitis in Japan. | Maruyama K et al. | — | 1999 | → |
| Interaction between the functional polymorphisms of the alcohol-metabolism genes in protection against alcoholism. | Chen CC et al. | — | 1999 | → |
| Joint multipoint linkage analysis of multivariate qualitative and quantitative traits. II. Alcoholism and event-related potentials. | Williams JT et al. | — | 1999 | → |
| Linkage disequilibrium at the ADH2 and ADH3 loci and risk of alcoholism. | Osier M et al. | — | 1999 | → |
| No association between DRD2 locus and alcoholism after controlling the ADH and ALDH genotypes in Chinese Han population. | Lee JF et al. | — | 1999 | → |
| Relationship between serum levels of anti-low-density lipoprotein-acetaldehyde-adduct antibody and aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 heterozygotes in patients with alcoholic liver injury. | Nagata N et al. | — | 1999 | → |
| Association of polymorphism in the alcohol dehydrogenase 2 gene with alcohol-related organ injuries, especially liver cirrhosis. | Yamauchi M | — | 1998 | → |
| Binding and activation of the human aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 promoter by hepatocyte nuclear factor 4. | Stewart MJ et al. | — | 1998 | → |
| Clinical characteristics and disease course of alcoholics with inactive aldehyde dehydrogenase-2. | Murayama M et al. | — | 1998 | → |
| Development of a questionnaire method to discriminate between typical and atypical genotypes of low Km aldehyde dehydrogenase in a Japanese population. | Takeshita T et al. | — | 1998 | → |
| Drinking and drinking-related problems among Alaska natives. | Segal B | — | 1998 | → |
| Genetic and environmental influences on human behavioral differences. | McGue M et al. | — | 1998 | → |
| Linkage of an alcoholism-related severity phenotype to chromosome 16. | Foroud T et al. | — | 1998 | → |
| Relevance of both daily hassles and the ALDH2 genotype to problem drinking among Japanese male workers. | Takeshita T et al. | — | 1998 | → |
| Self-reported flushing and genotypes of ALDH2, ADH2, and ADH3 among Taiwanese Han. | Chen WJ et al. | — | 1998 | → |
| Studies on the enzymology of aldehyde dehydrogenase-2 in genetically modified HeLa cells. | Crabb D et al. | — | 1998 | → |
| The genetics of alcoholism. | Goate AM et al. | — | 1998 | → |
| The inheritance of alcoholic liver disease. | Bassendine MF et al. | — | 1998 | → |
| Alcohol dehydrogenase and aldehyde dehydrogenase genotypes and alcoholism among Taiwanese aborigines. | Chen WJ et al. | — | 1997 | → |
| Allele frequency of ADH2 and ALDH2 among Brazilians of different ethnic groups. | Santos BR et al. | — | 1997 | → |
| Genetic markers of alcohol abuse. | Ferguson RA et al. | — | 1997 | → |
| Polymorphism of ADH and ALDH genes among four ethnic groups in China and effects upon the risk for alcoholism. | Shen YC et al. | — | 1997 | → |
| Polymorphism of alcohol-metabolizing genes affects drinking behavior and alcoholic liver disease in Japanese men. | Tanaka F et al. | — | 1997 | → |
| The dopamine D4 receptor gene (DRD4) is not associated with alcoholism in three Taiwanese populations: six polymorphisms tested separately and as haplotypes. | Chang FM et al. | — | 1997 | → |
| The role of non-P450 enzymes in drug oxidation. | Beedham C | — | 1997 | → |
| Alcohol and aldehyde dehydrogenase genotypes and drinking behavior in Japanese. | Higuchi S et al. | — | 1996 | → |
| Alcohol-metabolising genes and alcoholism among Taiwanese Han men: independent effect of ADH2, ADH3 and ALDH2. | Chen WJ et al. | — | 1996 | → |
| Association between alcoholism and the dopamine D4 receptor gene. | Muramatsu T et al. | — | 1996 | → |
| Characteristics of Japanese alcoholics with the atypical aldehyde dehydrogenase 2*2. I. A comparison of the genotypes of ALDH2, ADH2, ADH3, and cytochrome P-4502E1 between alcoholics and nonalcoholics. | Nakamura K et al. | — | 1996 | → |
| Cytochrome P4502E1 genotypes, alcoholism, and alcoholic cirrhosis in Han Chinese and Atayal Natives of Taiwan. | Carr LG et al. | — | 1996 | → |
| Effects of genetic polymorphisms in alcohol-metabolizing enzymes on alcohol hypersensitivity and alcohol-related health problems in orientals. | Takeshita T et al. | — | 1996 | → |
| Gene regulation of alcohol metabolizing enzymes. | Crabb DW et al. | — | 1996 | → |
| Genetics of alcoholism: an international perspective. | Grau C | — | 1996 | → |
| Genotypes of alcohol-metabolizing enzymes and the risk for alcoholic chronic pancreatitis in Japanese alcoholics. | Matsumoto M et al. | — | 1996 | → |
| Identification of sex-specific quantitative trait loci controlling alcohol preference in C57BL/ 6 mice. | Melo JA et al. | — | 1996 | → |
| No association between alcoholism and multiple polymorphisms at the dopamine D2 receptor gene (DRD2) in three distinct Taiwanese populations. | Lu RB et al. | — | 1996 | → |
| Pharmacokinetic changes in the elderly. Do they contribute to drug abuse and dependence? | Ozdemir V et al. | — | 1996 | → |
| Polymorphisms of ethanol-oxidizing enzymes in alcoholics with inactive ALDH2. | Higuchi S et al. | — | 1996 | → |
| The contribution of polymorphism in the alcohol dehydrogenase beta subunit to alcohol sensitivity in a Japanese population. | Takeshita T et al. | — | 1996 | → |
| The mutation in the mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH2) gene responsible for alcohol-induced flushing increases turnover of the enzyme tetramers in a dominant fashion. | Xiao Q et al. | — | 1996 | → |
| Alcohol and aldehyde dehydrogenase genotypes and drinking behavior of Chinese living in Shanghai. | Muramatsu T et al. | — | 1995 | → |
| Alcohol and aldehyde dehydrogenase polymorphisms and the risk for alcoholism. | Higuchi S et al. | — | 1995 | → |
| Alcohol and the mystique of flushing. | Chao HM | — | 1995 | → |
| Alcohol consumption by orientals in North America is predicted largely by a single gene. | Tu GC et al. | — | 1995 | → |
| Alcoholism among four aboriginal groups in Taiwan: high prevalences and their implications. | Cheng AT et al. | — | 1995 | → |
| Alcohol schema acquisition in preschoolers: differences between children of alcoholics and children of nonalcoholics. | Zucker RA et al. | — | 1995 | → |
| Aldehyde Dehydrogenase Deficiency as Cause of Facial Flushing Reaction to Alcohol in Japanese. | Goldman D | — | 1995 | → |
| An investigation of whether polymorphisms of cytochrome P4502E1 are genetic markers of susceptibility to alcoholic end-stage organ damage in a Chinese population. | Chao YC et al. | — | 1995 | → |
| Association of a restriction fragment length polymorphism in the alcohol dehydrogenase 2 gene with Japanese alcoholic liver cirrhosis. | Yamauchi M et al. | — | 1995 | → |
| CYP2E1 and ALDH2 genotypes and alcohol dependence in Japanese. | Iwahashi K et al. | — | 1995 | → |
| Exclusion of linkage between alcoholism and the MNS blood group region on chromosome 4q in multiplex families. | Neiswanger K et al. | — | 1995 | → |
| Genetic Influences Affecting Alcohol Use Among Asians. | Wall TL et al. | — | 1995 | → |
| Genetics of bipolar affective disorder: time for another reinvention? | Gelernter J | — | 1995 | → |
| Hormonal and chemical influences on the expression of class 2 aldehyde dehydrogenases in rat H4IIEC3 and human HuH7 hepatoma cells. | Crabb DW et al. | — | 1995 | → |
| Inhibition of gene expression by triple helix formation in hepatoma cells. | Tu GC et al. | — | 1995 | → |
| Is alcohol-related flushing a protective factor for alcoholism in Caucasians? | Slutske WS et al. | — | 1995 | → |
| Mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase polymorphism in Asian and American Indian populations: detection of new ALDH2 alleles. | Novoradovsky A et al. | — | 1995 | → |
| Molecular biological aspects of alcohol-induced liver disease. | Arnon R et al. | — | 1995 | → |
| Personality disorder in alcohol dependents. | Iwahashi K et al. | — | 1995 | → |
| Polymorphism at the P450IIE1 locus is not associated with alcoholic liver disease in Caucasian men. | Carr LG et al. | — | 1995 | → |
| Rat mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase polymorphism and major histocompatibility complex RT1.A phenotypes are not associated with alcohol drinking in P and NP rats. | Carr LG et al. | — | 1995 | → |
| Substrate binding pocket structure of human aldehyde dehydrogenases. A substrate specificity approach. | Yin SJ et al. | — | 1995 | → |
| Allele frequencies of the preproenkephalin A (PENK) gene CA repeat in Asians, African-Americans, and Caucasians: lack of evidence for different allele frequencies in alcoholics. | Chan RJ et al. | — | 1994 | → |
| Characterization of the three genotypes of low Km aldehyde dehydrogenase in a Japanese population. | Takeshita T et al. | — | 1994 | → |
| Gene frequencies of alcohol dehydrogenase2 (ADH2) and aldehyde dehydrogenase2 (ALDH2) in five Chinese minorities. | Chen SH et al. | — | 1994 | → |
| Genetic aspects and risk factors in alcoholism and alcoholic liver disease. | Lumeng L et al. | — | 1994 | → |
| Genetic polymorphism and activities of human colon alcohol and aldehyde dehydrogenases: no gender and age differences. | Yin SJ et al. | — | 1994 | → |
| Genetic studies in alcohol research. | Karp RW | — | 1994 | → |
| Influence of genetic variation in alcohol and aldehyde dehydrogenase on serotonin metabolism. | Helander A et al. | — | 1994 | → |
| Low frequency of the ADH2*2 allele among Atayal natives of Taiwan with alcohol use disorders. | Thomasson HR et al. | — | 1994 | → |
| Polymorphism of alcohol and aldehyde dehydrogenase genes and alcoholic cirrhosis in Chinese patients. | Chao YC et al. | — | 1994 | → |
| Alcohol and aldehyde dehydrogenase polymorphisms and alcoholism. | Thomasson HR et al. | — | 1993 | → |
| Alcohol and aldehyde dehydrogenases in human esophagus: comparison with the stomach enzyme activities. | Yin SJ et al. | — | 1993 | → |
| An experimental approach to understanding the genetic and neurobiological basis of alcoholism. | Li TK et al. | — | 1993 | → |
| Atypical liver alcohol dehydrogenase in the Spanish population: its relation with the development of alcoholic liver disease. | Vidal F et al. | — | 1993 | → |
| Aversive reactions and alcohol use in Europeans. | Whitfield JB et al. | — | 1993 | → |
| D2 dopamine receptor gene and alcoholism. | Amadéo S et al. | — | 1993 | → |
| DRD2 dopamine receptor genotype, linkage disequilibrium, and alcoholism in American Indians and other populations. | Goldman D et al. | — | 1993 | → |
| Human high-Km aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH3): molecular, kinetic and structural features. | Yin SJ et al. | — | 1993 | → |
| Selective breeding for alcohol preference and associated responses. | Li TK et al. | — | 1993 | → |
| Why there is no gene for alcoholism. | Devor EJ | — | 1993 | → |
| ADH1, 2 and 3: genes whose times have come. | Crabb DW | — | 1992 | → |
| Alcohol dehydrogenase genes: restriction fragment length polymorphisms for ADH4 (pi-ADH) and ADH5 (chi-ADH) and construction of haplotypes among different ADH classes. | Edman K et al. | — | 1992 | → |
| Distribution of ADH2 and ALDH2 genotypes in different populations. | Goedde HW et al. | — | 1992 | → |
| Ethanol elimination among different racial groups. | Segal B et al. | — | 1992 | → |
| Gene frequencies of alcohol dehydrogenase2 and aldehyde dehydrogenase2 in Northwest Coast Amerindians. | Chen SH et al. | — | 1992 | → |
| Genetic polymorphism and activities of human lung alcohol and aldehyde dehydrogenases: implications for ethanol metabolism and cytotoxicity. | Yin SJ et al. | — | 1992 | → |
| Genetic predisposition to alcoholic liver disease. | Day CP et al. | — | 1992 | → |
| Medicobiological and genetic studies on alcoholism. Role of metabolic variation and ethnicity on drinking habits, alcohol abuse and alcohol-related mortality. | Agarwal DP et al. | — | 1992 | → |
| Investigation of the role of polymorphisms at the alcohol and aldehyde dehydrogenase loci in genetic predisposition to alcohol-related end-organ damage. | Day CP et al. | — | 1991 | → |
| Polymorphism of the rat liver mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase cDNA. | Carr LG et al. | — | 1991 | → |