Genes encoding enzymes involved in ethanol metabolism.
paper
Primary
Public
- Authors
- Hurley, Thomas D; Edenberg, Howard J
- Year
- 2012
- Journal
- Alcohol research : current reviews
- PMID
- 23134050
- DOI
- 10.35946/arcr.v34.3.09
- PMCID
- PMC3756590
The effects of beverage alcohol (ethanol) on the body are determined largely by the rate at which it and its main breakdown product, acetaldehyde, are metabolized after consumption. The main metabolic pathway for ethanol involves the enzymes alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) and aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH). Seven different ADHs and three different ALDHs that metabolize ethanol have been identified. The genes encoding these enzymes exist in different variants (i.e., alleles), many of which differ by a single DNA building block (i.e., single nucleotide polymorphisms [SNPs]). Some of these SNPs result in enzymes with altered kinetic properties. For example, certain ADH1B and ADH1C variants that are commonly found in East Asian populations lead to more rapid ethanol breakdown and acetaldehyde accumulation in the body. Because acetaldehyde has harmful effects on the body, people carrying these alleles are less likely to drink and have a lower risk of alcohol dependence. Likewise, an ALDH2 variant with reduced activity results in acetaldehyde buildup and also has a protective effect against alcoholism. In addition to affecting drinking behaviors and risk for alcoholism, ADH and ALDH alleles impact the risk for esophageal cancer.
No figures extracted from this document.
1β20 of 20
No entities extracted from this document yet.
No uploaded files.
Not in any collection.
In this knowledge base
External
| Title | Authors | Journal | Year | Link |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Advances in identifying risk factors of metabolic dysfunction-associated alcohol-related liver disease. | Ye RQ et al. | β | 2025 | β |
| Novel haplotypes of genetic polymorphisms in alcohol metabolizing enzymes in Kampala, Uganda. | Okwasiimire R et al. | β | 2025 | β |
| Novel Haplotypes of genetic polymorphisms in alcohol metabolizing enzymes in Kampala, Uganda | Okwasiimire R et al. | β | 2025 | β |
| Reactive Oxygen Species as a Common Pathological Link Between Alcohol Use Disorder and Alzheimer's Disease with Therapeutic Implications. | Song H et al. | β | 2025 | β |
| The interaction between candidate SNPs and social factors significantly influences the prevalence of alcohol use disorder in Chinese young male adults. | Ju N et al. | β | 2025 | β |
| Unraveling time-dependent genetic components underlying alcohol response. | Hikino K et al. | β | 2025 | β |
| ADH1B, the adipocyte-enriched alcohol dehydrogenase, plays an essential, cell-autonomous role in human adipogenesis. | Gautheron J et al. | β | 2024 | β |
| The biochemistry of the carcinogenic alcohol metabolite acetaldehyde. | Thomas LA et al. | β | 2024 | β |
| Association of ADH1B rs1229984, ADH1C rs698, and ALDH2 rs671 with Alcohol abuse and Alcoholic Cirrhosis in People Living in Northeast Vietnam. | Hoang YTT et al. | β | 2023 | β |
| Ethanol Metabolism and Melanoma. | Zhai Z et al. | β | 2023 | β |
| Genetic Influences on Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder. | Sambo D et al. | β | 2023 | β |
| Inhibition of Abelson Tyrosine-Protein Kinase 2 Suppresses the Development of Alcohol-Associated Liver Disease by Decreasing PPARgamma Expression. | Malnassy G et al. | β | 2023 | β |
| Pathogenic mechanisms and regulatory factors involved in alcoholic liver disease. | Yan C et al. | β | 2023 | β |
| Relationship between esophageal squamous cell carcinoma risk and alcohol-related ALDH2 and ADH1B polymorphisms: Evidence from a meta-analysis and Mendelian randomization analysis. | Zhang B et al. | β | 2023 | β |
| Alcohol-Induced Oxidative Stress and the Role of Antioxidants in Alcohol Use Disorder: A Systematic Review. | Tsermpini EE et al. | β | 2022 | β |
| Dermatokinetics: Advances and Experimental Models, Focus on Skin Metabolism. | Quantin P et al. | β | 2022 | β |
| Ethanol Metabolism in the Liver, the Induction of Oxidant Stress, and the Antioxidant Defense System. | Contreras-Zentella ML et al. | β | 2022 | β |
| Signatures of Convergent Evolution and Natural Selection at the Alcohol Dehydrogenase Gene Region are Correlated with Agriculture in Ethnically Diverse Africans. | McQuillan MA et al. | β | 2022 | β |
| Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms of ADH1B, ADH1C and ALDH2 Genes in 235 People Living in Thai Nguyen Province of Vietnam. | Hoang YTT et al. | β | 2022 | β |
| A novel mechanism underlying alcohol dehydrogenase expression: hsa-miR-148a-3p promotes ADH4 expression via an AGO1-dependent manner in control and ethanol-exposed hepatic cells. | Luo J et al. | β | 2021 | β |
| Associations of Alcohol Dehydrogenase and Aldehyde Dehydrogenase Polymorphism With Cognitive Impairment Among the Oldest-Old in China. | Jin X et al. | β | 2021 | β |
| A systems omics-based approach to decode substance use disorders and neuroadaptations. | Veerappa A et al. | β | 2021 | β |
| Factors modulating the incubation of drug and non-drug craving and their clinical implications. | Venniro M et al. | β | 2021 | β |
| Genetic Variants of Alcohol Metabolizing Enzymes and Alcohol-Related Liver Cirrhosis Risk. | Ayuso P et al. | β | 2021 | β |
| Maternal and offspring genetic risk score analyses of fetal alcohol exposure and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder risk in offspring. | Haan E et al. | β | 2021 | β |
| Pathway analysis for genome-wide genetic variation data: Analytic principles, latest developments, and new opportunities. | Silberstein M et al. | β | 2021 | β |
| Cortisol as a Biomarker of Alcohol Use in Combat Veterans: A Literature Review and Framework for Future Research. | Szabo YZ et al. | β | 2020 | β |
| Genetic evidence of widespread variation in ethanol metabolism among mammals: revisiting the 'myth' of natural intoxication. | Janiak MC et al. | β | 2020 | β |
| Genetic variation in alcohol dehydrogenase is associated with neurocognition in men with HIV and history of alcohol use disorder: preliminary findings. | Saloner R et al. | β | 2020 | β |
| Genomics in Personalized Nutrition: Can You "Eat for Your Genes"? | Mullins VA et al. | β | 2020 | β |
| Molecular mechanisms of ethanol biotransformation: enzymes of oxidative and nonoxidative metabolic pathways in human. | Kubiak-Tomaszewska G et al. | β | 2020 | β |
| Molecular mechanisms of psychiatric diseases. | Blokhin IO et al. | β | 2020 | β |
| The Role of Alcohol Metabolism in the Pathology of Alcohol Hangover. | Mackus M et al. | β | 2020 | β |
| Does Alcohol Use Affect Cancer Risk? | Rehm J et al. | β | 2019 | β |
| Ethanol promotes alcohol-related colorectal cancer metastasis via the TGF-Ξ²/RUNX3/Snail axis by inducing TGF-Ξ²1 upregulation and RUNX3 cytoplasmic mislocalization. | Zheng K et al. | β | 2019 | β |
| Genome-Wide Association Study Meta-Analysis of the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) in Two Population-Based Cohorts. | Sanchez-Roige S et al. | β | 2019 | β |
| Alcohol Dehydrogenases, Aldehyde Dehydrogenases, and Alcohol Use Disorders: A Critical Review. | Edenberg HJ et al. | β | 2018 | β |
| Alcohol drinking, ADH1B and ADH1C genotypes and the risk of postmenopausal breast cancer by hormone receptor status: the Netherlands Cohort Study on diet and cancer. | Hahn M et al. | β | 2018 | β |
| Alcohol intake, ADH1B and ADH1C genotypes, and the risk of colorectal cancer by sex and subsite in the Netherlands Cohort Study. | Offermans NSM et al. | β | 2018 | β |
| Alcohol Metabolizing Polygenic Risk for Alcohol Consumption in European American College Students. | Thomas NS et al. | β | 2018 | β |
| Competition between ethanol clearance and retinoic acid biosynthesis in the induction of fetal alcohol syndrome. | Shabtai Y et al. | β | 2018 | β |
| Genetics of alcoholic liver disease and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. | Scott E et al. | β | 2018 | β |
| Genome-wide association study identifies inversion in the <i>CTRB1-CTRB2</i> locus to modify risk for alcoholic and non-alcoholic chronic pancreatitis. | Rosendahl J et al. | β | 2018 | β |
| Polymorphisms in alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH1) and cytochrome p450 2E1 (CYP2E1) genes in patients with cirrhosis and/or hepatocellular carcinoma | Gaviria-Calle M et al. | β | 2018 | β |
| Reproduction in the Baka pygmies and drop in their fertility with the arrival of alcohol. | Ramirez Rozzi FV | β | 2018 | β |
| Transancestral GWAS of alcohol dependence reveals common genetic underpinnings with psychiatric disorders. | Walters RK et al. | β | 2018 | β |
| Xenopus embryos to study fetal alcohol syndrome, a model for environmental teratogenesis. | Fainsod A et al. | β | 2018 | β |
| Analysis of the Association of Nonsynonymous Polymorphisms in ADH Genes with Hazardous Drinking in HIV-1-Positive Individuals. | Wolf JM et al. | β | 2017 | β |
| Association of drinking pattern with risk of coronary heart disease incidence in the middle-aged and older Chinese men: Results from the Dongfeng-Tongji cohort. | Zhang Y et al. | β | 2017 | β |
| Genetic and Epigenetic Profile of Patients With Alcoholic Liver Disease. | Boccuto L et al. | β | 2017 | β |
| Genetic Contribution to Alcohol Dependence: Investigation of a Heterogeneous German Sample of Individuals with Alcohol Dependence, Chronic Alcoholic Pancreatitis, and Alcohol-Related Cirrhosis. | Treutlein J et al. | β | 2017 | β |
| Genetic variants in ALDH1B1 and alcohol dependence risk in a British and Irish population: A bioinformatic and genetic study. | Way MJ et al. | β | 2017 | β |
| Molecular Basis of Alcohol-Related Gastric and Colon Cancer. | Na HK et al. | β | 2017 | β |
| Review: Environmental influences on alcohol use: Informing research on the joint effects of genes and the environment in diverse U.S. populations. | Chartier KG et al. | β | 2017 | β |
| Review: Use of Asian samples in genetic research of alcohol use disorders: Genetic variation of alcohol metabolizing enzymes and the effects of acetaldehyde. | Matsushita S et al. | β | 2017 | β |
| The genetics of alcohol dependence and alcohol-related liver disease. | Stickel F et al. | β | 2017 | β |
| The role of S-nitrosoglutathione reductase (GSNOR) in human disease and therapy. | Barnett SD et al. | β | 2017 | β |
| ADH1B and CDH1 polymorphisms predict prognosis in male patients with non-metastatic laryngeal cancer. | Li D et al. | β | 2016 | β |
| Association Study of Gene Polymorphisms in GABA, Serotonin, Dopamine, and Alcohol Metabolism Pathways with Alcohol Dependence in Taiwanese Han Men. | Wu LS et al. | β | 2016 | β |
| Causal Role of Alcohol Consumption in an Improved Lipid Profile: The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study. | Vu KN et al. | β | 2016 | β |
| Endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition in lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury drives a progenitor cell-like phenotype. | Suzuki T et al. | β | 2016 | β |
| Genetics of Substance Use Disorders. | Yu C et al. | β | 2016 | β |
| High alcohol consumption causes high IgE levels but not high risk of allergic disease. | Lomholt FK et al. | β | 2016 | β |
| Interactions Between Alcohol Metabolism Genes and Religious Involvement in Association With Maximum Drinks and Alcohol Dependence Symptoms. | Chartier KG et al. | β | 2016 | β |
| MicroRNAs and Drinking: Association between the Pre-miR-27a rs895819 Polymorphism and Alcohol Consumption in a Mediterranean Population. | BarragΓ‘n R et al. | β | 2016 | β |
| Overview of the Genetics of Alcohol Use Disorder. | Tawa EA et al. | β | 2016 | β |
| Childhood adversity moderates the effect of ADH1B on risk for alcohol-related phenotypes in Jewish Israeli drinkers. | Meyers JL et al. | β | 2015 | β |
| Common single nucleotide variants underlying drug addiction: more than a decade of research. | BΓΌhler KM et al. | β | 2015 | β |
| Effects of ALDH2 genotype, PPI treatment and L-cysteine on carcinogenic acetaldehyde in gastric juice and saliva after intragastric alcohol administration. | Maejima R et al. | β | 2015 | β |
| Epidemiology of DSM-5 Alcohol Use Disorder: Results From the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions III. | Grant BF et al. | β | 2015 | β |
| Genetic variants in or near ADH1B and ADH1C affect susceptibility to alcohol dependence in a British and Irish population. | Way M et al. | β | 2015 | β |
| Vascular Repair by Tissue-Resident Endothelial Progenitor Cells in Endotoxin-Induced Lung Injury. | Kawasaki T et al. | β | 2015 | β |
| Alcohol consumption mediates the relationship between ADH1B and DSM-IV alcohol use disorder and criteria. | Kilcoyne B et al. | β | 2014 | β |
| ALDH2 Glu504Lys polymorphism and susceptibility to coronary artery disease and myocardial infarction in East Asians: a meta-analysis. | Gu JY et al. | β | 2014 | β |
| An ADH1B variant and peer drinking in progression to adolescent drinking milestones: evidence of a gene-by-environment interaction. | Olfson E et al. | β | 2014 | β |
| An enhancer-blocking element regulates the cell-specific expression of alcohol dehydrogenase 7. | Jairam S et al. | β | 2014 | β |
| Framing ethnic variations in alcohol outcomes from biological pathways to neighborhood context. | Chartier KG et al. | β | 2014 | β |
| Genetic and environmental interplay in risky drinking in adolescents: a literature review. | Guerrini I et al. | β | 2014 | β |
| Genetic influences on response to alcohol and response to pharmacotherapies for alcoholism. | Enoch MA | β | 2014 | β |
| Genetics and genomics of alcohol sensitivity. | Morozova TV et al. | β | 2014 | β |
| Single-nucleotide polymorphisms interact to affect ADH7 transcription. | Jairam S et al. | β | 2014 | β |
| The association of alcohol intake with Ξ³-glutamyl transferase (GGT) levels: evidence for correlated genetic effects. | van Beek JHDA et al. | β | 2014 | β |
| The joint effects of ADH1B variants and childhood adversity on alcohol related phenotypes in African-American and European-American women and men. | Sartor CE et al. | β | 2014 | β |
| ALDH2 rs671 Polymorphism and coronary heart disease risk among Asian populations: a meta-analysis and meta-regression. | Wang Q et al. | β | 2013 | β |
| A meta-analysis of two genome-wide association studies to identify novel loci for maximum number of alcoholic drinks. | Kapoor M et al. | β | 2013 | β |
| Association of genetic polymorphisms in ADH and ALDH2 with risk of coronary artery disease and myocardial infarction: a meta-analysis. | Han H et al. | β | 2013 | β |
| Elucidating the biological basis for the reinforcing actions of alcohol in the mesolimbic dopamine system: the role of active metabolites of alcohol. | Deehan GA et al. | β | 2013 | β |
| Genetic influences on the development of alcoholism. | Enoch MA | β | 2013 | β |
| Genetics and alcoholism. | Edenberg HJ et al. | β | 2013 | β |