Review: Prevalence and co-occurrence of addictions in US ethnic/racial groups: Implications for genetic research.
- Authors
- Luczak, Susan E; Khoddam, Rubin; Yu, Sheila; Wall, Tamara L; Schwartz, Anna; Sussman, Steve
- Year
- 2017
- Journal
- The American journal on addictions
- PMID
- 27759944
- DOI
- 10.1111/ajad.12464
- PMCID
- PMC5397372
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: We conducted a review of the prevalence and co-occurrence of 12 types of addictions in US ethnic/racial groups and discuss the implications of the results for genetic research on addictions. METHODS: We utilized MEDLINE and PsycINFO databases to review the literature on alcohol, tobacco, marijuana, illicit drugs, gambling, eating/food, internet, sex, love, exercise, work, and shopping. We present results for each addiction based on total US prevalence, prevalence within ethnic groups, and co-occurrence of addictions among ethnic groups when available. RESULTS: This review indicates very little research has examined the interrelationships of addictive behaviors among US ethnic groups. The studies that exist have focused nearly exclusively on comorbidity of substances and gambling behaviors. Overall findings suggest differences among US ethnic groups in prevalence of addictions and in prevalence of addiction among those who use substances or engage in gambling. Almost no ethnic group comparisons of other addictive behaviors including eating/food, internet, love, sex, exercise, work, and shopping were identified in the literature. CONCLUSIONS: Despite large-scale research efforts to examine alcohol and substance use disorders in the United States, few studies have been published that examine these addictive behaviors among ethnic groups, and even fewer examine co-occurrence and comorbidity with other addictions. SCIENTIFIC SIGNIFICANCE: Even with the limited studies, these findings have implications for genetic research on addictive behaviors. We include a discussion of these implications, including issues of population stratification, disaggregation, admixture, and the interplay between genetic and environmental factors in understanding the etiology and treatment of addictions. (Am J Addict 2017;26:424-436).
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| Name | Type |
|---|---|
| 1991–1993 NHSDA local | cohort |
| 2005–2007 NSDUH surveys local | cohort |
| 2008 NSDUH sample local | cohort |
| addiction | phenotype |
| admixture local | drug |
| adults | cohort |
| Adult substance users local | cohort |
| African American | cohort |
| alcohol | phenotype |
| alcohol dependence | phenotype |
| alcoholism | phenotype |
| Alcohol Use Disorder | phenotype |
| amphetamine | drug |
| anxiety | phenotype |
| any substance use disorder | phenotype |
| Asian | cohort |
| Asian American local | cohort |
| Asians local | phenotype |
| AUD | phenotype |
| Behavioral addictions | phenotype |
| Binge eating disorder local | phenotype |
| Binge Eating Disorder local | phenotype |
| Black | phenotype |
| Black American adults local | cohort |
| blacks | cohort |
| cannabis dependence | phenotype |
| cannabis use | phenotype |
| cannabis use disorder | phenotype |
| Caribbean Black local | cohort |
| Caribbean Black American adults local | cohort |
| Caucasian | cohort |
| Chinese | cohort |
| Chinese American | cohort |
| Chinese college students local | cohort |
| Chinese men | cohort |
| Club drug local | drug |
| cocaine | phenotype |
| College men local | cohort |
| college students | cohort |
| college student sample local | cohort |
| Compulsive buying local | phenotype |
| Compulsive gambling local | phenotype |
| Compulsive sexual behavior local | phenotype |
| Co-occurring Cannabis Use Disorder and Alcohol Use Disorder local | phenotype |
| Cuban local | cohort |
| Cuban American local | cohort |
| Disordered gambling local | phenotype |
| drug | drug |
| drug dependence | phenotype |
| DSM-5 lifetime AUD local | phenotype |
| DSM-5 past-year AUD local | phenotype |
| DSM-IV | phenotype |
| DSM-IV cocaine disorders local | phenotype |
| DSM-IV DUD local | phenotype |
| DSM-IV DUDs local | phenotype |
| DSM-IV lifetime AUD local | phenotype |
| DSM-IV past-year AUD local | phenotype |
| DUD | phenotype |
| DUDs local | phenotype |
| East Asian | cohort |
| Eating addiction local | phenotype |
| Eating Addiction local | phenotype |
| eating disorder | phenotype |
| eating disorders | phenotype |
| ethnic groups | cohort |
| ethnic minority groups local | cohort |
| exercise addiction local | phenotype |
| Exercise addiction local | phenotype |
| Exercise Addiction local | phenotype |
| Feeding disorder local | phenotype |
| Filipino | cohort |
| Food addiction local | phenotype |
| food intake | phenotype |
| Gambling addiction local | phenotype |
| Gambling Problem local | phenotype |
| HABLAS local | cohort |
| Hallucinogen sedative/tranquilizer local | drug |
| heavy drinking | phenotype |
| Hispanic | phenotype |
| Hispanic veterans local | cohort |
| illicit drugs | phenotype |
| illicit drug use | phenotype |
| Illicit drug use disorder (lifetime) local | phenotype |
| Illicit drug use disorder (past-year) local | phenotype |
| Indian | cohort |
| Inhalants/solvent local | drug |
| Internet local | drug |
| Internet addiction local | phenotype |
| Internet Addiction local | phenotype |
| Japanese | cohort |
| Japanese American | cohort |
| Korean college students local | cohort |
| Korean men | cohort |
| Koreans | cohort |
| lifetime cannabis use disorder local | phenotype |
| Lifetime cannabis use disorder local | phenotype |
| lifetime cigarette users local | cohort |
| lifetime DSM-IV alcohol and drug dependence combined local | phenotype |
| Lifetime DSM-IV alcohol and drug dependence combined local | phenotype |
| Lifetime DSM-IV AUD local | phenotype |
| Lifetime DSM-IV cannabis dependence local | phenotype |
| lifetime DSM-IV dependence local | phenotype |
| lifetime DSM-IV drug dependence local | phenotype |
| Lifetime DSM-IV drug use disorder local | phenotype |
| lifetime substance use disorders local | phenotype |
| Love local | drug |
| love addiction local | phenotype |
| Love addiction local | phenotype |
| love/sex addiction local | phenotype |
| Love/Sex Addiction local | phenotype |
| marijuana | phenotype |
| marijuana abuse | phenotype |
| marijuana dependence | phenotype |
| marijuana use disorder | phenotype |
| Mexican American | cohort |
| Mixed ethnicity local | cohort |
| mood disorders | phenotype |
| Multiple Addictions local | phenotype |
| National Household Survey 2004 local | cohort |
| National Latino and Asian American Study (NLAAS) local | cohort |
| National Survey of American Life local | cohort |
| Native Americans | cohort |
| Native American subgroups local | cohort |
| Native American veterans local | cohort |
| Native Hawaiian local | cohort |
| Native Hawaiian and Pacific Islanders local | cohort |
| Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander local | cohort |
| Native Hawaiians | cohort |
| NCS-R local | cohort |
| NCS-R 2001-2003 local | cohort |
| NESARC | cohort |
| NESARC-I local | cohort |
| NESARC-II local | cohort |
| NESARC-III | cohort |
| NHSDA 2001 survey local | cohort |
| nicotine | drug |
| nicotine addiction | phenotype |
| nicotine dependence | phenotype |
| nicotine use disorder | phenotype |
| NIMH Collaborative Psychiatric Epidemiology Surveys local | cohort |
| NIMH CPES local | cohort |
| NLAAS local | cohort |
| NLAES | cohort |
| non-Asians local | cohort |
| non-Hispanic whites | cohort |
| Non-medical opioid use disorder local | phenotype |
| non-Native Americans local | cohort |
| North Carolina local | cohort |
| Northern Plains Indians local | cohort |
| Northern Plains Native Americans local | cohort |
| Northern Plains tribes local | cohort |
| NSDUH | cohort |
| NSDUH 2002 local | cohort |
| NSDUH 2003 local | cohort |
| NSDUH 2004 local | cohort |
| NSDUH (2005–2007) local | cohort |
| NSDUH 2005-2007 local | cohort |
| NSDUH 2005-2007 surveys local | cohort |
| NSDUH 2008 survey local | cohort |
| Nurses’ Health Study II local | cohort |
| Online sexual addiction local | phenotype |
| other addictions | phenotype |
| Other Asian local | cohort |
| Other opioids local | drug |
| Others local | cohort |
| Overeating addiction local | phenotype |
| Overeating dependence local | phenotype |
| Pacific Islander local | cohort |
| past-month smokers local | cohort |
| Past-year adult marijuana users local | cohort |
| past-year AUD | phenotype |
| past-year cannabis use disorder local | phenotype |
| past-year comorbid AUD and DUD local | phenotype |
| past-year dependence local | phenotype |
| Past-year DSM-IV AUD local | phenotype |
| Past-year DSM-IV cannabis dependence local | phenotype |
| Past-year DSM-IV cannabis use disorder local | phenotype |
| past-year DSM-IV dependence local | phenotype |
| past-year DSM-IV illicit drug dependence local | phenotype |
| past-year DUD local | phenotype |
| past-year tobacco users local | cohort |
| pathological gambling | phenotype |
| Pathological internet use local | phenotype |
| Pathological love local | phenotype |
| Probable pathological gambling local | phenotype |
| Puerto Rican American | cohort |
| race/ethnicity | phenotype |
| Series of Addictions local | phenotype |
| sex addiction local | phenotype |
| Sex addiction local | phenotype |
| Sexual addictions local | phenotype |
| Sexual dependency local | phenotype |
| Shopping addiction local | phenotype |
| Shopping Addiction local | phenotype |
| Shopping/buying addiction local | phenotype |
| Smith et al. biracial epidemiologic study local | cohort |
| South/Central American local | cohort |
| Southwest local | cohort |
| Southwest California Indians | cohort |
| Southwest tribes local | cohort |
| St. Louis community sample local | cohort |
| Study 18 local | cohort |
| Study 56 local | cohort |
| Study 57 local | cohort |
| substance | phenotype |
| substances | phenotype |
| substance use | phenotype |
| subsyndromal gambling local | phenotype |
| Ten Tribes study local | cohort |
| tobacco dependence | phenotype |
| tobacco use | phenotype |
| United States | cohort |
| US ethnic groups local | cohort |
| US ethnic/racial categories local | cohort |
| Video game addiction local | phenotype |
| Vietnamese local | cohort |
| Web addiction local | phenotype |
| White | phenotype |
| White college students local | cohort |
| White men | cohort |
| whites | cohort |
| work addiction local | phenotype |
| Work addiction local | phenotype |
| Workaholism local | phenotype |
| Working Addiction local | phenotype |
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| Delayed circadian rhythms and substance abuse: dopamine transmission's time has come. | Hasler BP et al. | — | 2021 | → |
| Profiles of potential behavioral addictions' severity and their associations with gender, personality, and well-being: A person-centered approach. | Charzyńska E et al. | — | 2021 | → |
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| Neurobiological Risk Factors for the Development of Internet Addiction in Adolescents. | Tereshchenko S et al. | — | 2019 | → |
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| Commentary: Perspectives on alcohol-related gene and environment interplay in diverse populations. | Scott MS | — | 2017 | → |
| Conclusion: Special issue on genetic and alcohol use disorder research with diverse racial/ethnic groups: Key findings and potential next steps. | Chartier KG et al. | — | 2017 | → |
| Gender Differences and Psychopathological Features Associated With Addictive Behaviors in Adolescents. | Di Nicola M et al. | — | 2017 | → |
| Introduction: Special issue on genetic research of alcohol use disorder in diverse racial/ethnic populations. | Chartier KG et al. | — | 2017 | → |