EEG microstate analysis in drug-naive patients with panic disorder.
paper
Cited
Public
- Authors
- Kikuchi, Mitsuru; Koenig, Thomas; Munesue, Toshio; Hanaoka, Akira; Strik, Werner; Dierks, Thomas; Koshino, Yoshifumi; Minabe, Yoshio
- Year
- 2011
- Journal
- PloS one
- PMID
- 21829554
- DOI
- 10.1371/journal.pone.0022912
- PMCID
- PMC3146502
Patients with panic disorder (PD) have a bias to respond to normal stimuli in a fearful way. This may be due to the preactivation of fear-associated networks prior to stimulus perception. Based on EEG, we investigated the difference between patients with PD and normal controls in resting state activity using features of transiently stable brain states (microstates). EEGs from 18 drug-naive patients and 18 healthy controls were analyzed. Microstate analysis showed that one class of microstates (with a right-anterior to left-posterior orientation of the mapped field) displayed longer durations and covered more of the total time in the patients than controls. Another microstate class (with a symmetric, anterior-posterior orientation) was observed less frequently in the patients compared to controls. The observation that selected microstate classes differ between patients with PD and controls suggests that specific brain functions are altered already during resting condition. The altered resting state may be the starting point of the observed dysfunctional processing of phobic stimuli.
Microstate classes of patients and controls.Mean normalized equipotential maps of the four microstate classes (AβD) of patients and controls. Using a linear scale, the map areas of opposite polarity are arbitrarily coded in black and white.
Microstate statistics.Duration (I), occurrence/second (II), and percent total time covered (III), of the 4 microstate classes (AβD) of controls (n = 18; open circle) and drug naΓ―ve patients with panic disorder (n = 18; closed circle). Values indicate means Β± S.E. * p<.05: comparison between patients (n = 18) and controls (n = 18) using double-ended t-test.
Microstate syntax.(A) T values (unpaired t-test) between healthy controls and drug naΓ―ve patients for each doublet sequence of microstate. Positive value indicates higher occurrence ratio in patients than controls. No significance was demonstrated using double-ended t-tests. (B) T values for each triplet sequence of microstate. Positive value indicates higher occurrence ratio in patients than controls. Dashed lines indicate significance level (p = .05) of the 2-tailed t-test. * p<.05 using double-ended t-test.
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