Alpha4 subunit-containing GABAA receptors in the accumbens shell contribute to the reinforcing effects of alcohol.

paper Cited Public

Authors: Rewal, Mridula; Donahue, Rachel; Gill, T Michael; Nie, Hong; Ron, Dorit; Janak, Patricia H
Year: 2012
Journal: Addiction biology
PMID: 21507158
DOI: 10.1111/j.1369-1600.2011.00333.x
PMCID: PMC3191302

Figure 1

Viral-mediated GABAAR α4 subunit knockdown in NAc shell decreases instrumental responding for ethanol. Rats were infused in the NAc shell with Ad-shα4 (n = 12) or Ad-NSS (n = 12) bilaterally. For panels a–c, data for Ad-shα4-treated rats are expressed as a percentage of Ad-NSS-treated rats at the same timepoint. (a) Responding on the active lever is decreased 18 days after Ad-shα4 infusion. *P < 0.05, compared to baseline (B). (b) Inactive lever responding was not affected. (c) Estimated ethanol intake (g/kg) was decreased 18 days after Ad-shα4 infusion. *P < 0.05, compared to baseline. (d, e) Time course of active lever responses (d) and estimated ethanol intake (e) over days 5–30 after virus infusion depicts the decrease in responding after Ad-shα4, followed by a recovery of responding at day 24. For all panels, ‘B’ refers to baseline, the average of last 3 days prior to virus infusion. Values depict mean +/− SEM

Figure 2

Decreases in instrumental responding for ethanol after GABAAR α4 subunit knockdown in the NAc shell occurs after session initiation. Within-session responding during 30-minute sessions by the same subjects depicted in Fig. 1 during the final session prior to virus infusion (a; baseline) and during day 5 (b), day 18 (c) and day 30 (d). (c) Responding by Ad-shα4-treated rats was significantly decreased on day 18 at the 5–10 and 10–15 minutes intervals (*P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, Ad-shα4 versus Ad-NSS groups) but not during the first 5 minutes of the session. There were no group differences during the baseline session or days 5 and 30 (a, b, d). Values depict mean +/− SEM of active lever responses within 5-minute bins. Data are presented as mean +/− SEM. n = 12 rats per group

Figure 3

Decreases in instrumental responding for ethanol after GABAAR α4 subunit knockdown in the NAc shell depend upon the concurrent experience of ethanol consumption. Two cohorts of rats were trained to lever press for ethanol and were then infused in the NAc shell with Ad-shα4 or Ad-NSS. On day 18 after viral infusion, rats underwent a single test session in which responding was (a–c) or was not (d–f) reinforced by ethanol delivery. (a) Active lever responses were decreased on day 18 when responding was reinforced (Ad-shα4 versus Ad-NSS groups, *P < 0.001). Panels b and c depict within-session responding during the 30-minute sessions by the same subjects depicted in panel a during the final session prior to virus infusion (b; baseline) and during day 18 (c). (b) There were no group differences during the baseline session. (c)There was a significant decrease in responding by Ad-shα4-treated rats on day 18 at the 5–10 and 10–15 minutes intervals (*P < 0.05, Ad-shα4 versus Ad-NSS groups) but not during the first 5 minutes of the session. (d) When responding was not reinforced on day 18, Ad-shα4-infused rats did not decrease active lever responses. (e) There were no group differences in the pattern of responding during the 30-minute baseline session. (f)There were no group differences in the pattern of responding during the 30-minute session on day 18 when responding was not reinforced. Data are presented as mean +/− SEM. n = 8 rats per group

Figure 4

Viral-mediated GABAAR α4 subunit knockdown in the NAc core does not affect instrumental responding for ethanol. Rats were infused in the NAc core with Ad-shα4 (n = 12) or Ad-NSS (n = 12) bilaterally. For panels a–c, data for Ad-shα4-treated rats are expressed as a percentage of Ad-NSS-treated rats at the same timepoint. (a) Responding on the active lever was not altered after Ad-shα4 infusion. (b) Inactive lever responding was not altered. (c) Estimated ethanol intake (g/kg) was not altered.‘B’ refers to baseline, the average of 3 days prior to virus infusion. Data presented as mean +/− SEM

Figure 5

Viral-mediated GABAAR α4 subunit knockdown in NAc shell does not affect instrumental responding for sucrose. Rats were infused in the NAc shell with Ad-shα4 (n = 11) or Ad-NSS (n = 11) bilaterally. For panels a–c, data for Ad-shα4-treated rats are expressed as a percentage of Ad-NSS-treated rats at the same timepoint. (a) Responding on the active lever for 2% sucrose was not altered after Ad-shα4 infusion. (b) Inactive lever responding was not altered. (c) Estimated sucrose intake (g/kg) was not altered.‘B’ refers to baseline, the average of 3 days prior to virus infusion. Data presented as mean +/− SEM

Figure 6

Viral-mediated GABAAR α4 subunit knockdown in NAc shell does not affect motor activity. Rats were infused in the NAc shell with Ad-shα4 (n = 10) or Ad-NSS (n = 10) bilaterally. (a) Distance traveled in an open field for Ad-shα4 and Ad-NSS-treated rats prior to viral infusion (baseline) and on day 18 after viral infusion. (b) Latency to fall from the rotarod for Ad-shα4 and Ad-NSS-treated rats prior to viral infusion (baseline) and on day 18 after viral infusion. Data presented as mean +/− SEM

#	Section	Preview
40	DISCUSSION	Why might the NAc shell and core play distinct roles in ethanol self-administration? Although both…
41	DISCUSSION	input from more dorsal areas of the medial prefrontal cortex, while the shell receives input from…
42	DISCUSSION	The observation that the maximum effect of the virus infusion on the behavior occurs on 18th day of…
43	DISCUSSION	In conclusion, we found that transient reductions in the expression of the GABAAR α4 subunit in the…

Name	Type
active lever presses local	phenotype
active lever responding local	phenotype
Active lever responding local	phenotype
active lever responses local	phenotype
adenovirus local	drug
Adeno-X Virus Purification Kit local	drug
Ad-NSS local	cohort
Ad-NSS local	drug
Ad-NSS group local	cohort
Ad-NSS virus local	drug
Ad-sh4-1 virus local	drug
Ad-shα4 local	drug
Ad-shα4-1 local	cohort
Ad-shα4-1 local	drug
Ad-shα4-1 group local	cohort
Ad-shα4-1 virus local	drug
Ad-shα4 virus local	drug
alcohol	phenotype
Alcohol seeking	phenotype
alcohol self-administration	phenotype
amphetamine	drug
baseline operant responding local	phenotype
bicuculline	drug
blood ethanol concentration	phenotype
Blood ethanol level	phenotype
Chow intake local	phenotype
Clontech	drug
cocaine	phenotype
Conditioned Reinforcing Properties of Ethanol local	phenotype
control group	cohort
control rats	cohort
control virus	drug
control virus group local	cohort
coordination	phenotype
core	anatomy
dorsal medial prefrontal cortex	anatomy
Estimated g/kg ethanol dose local	phenotype
ethanol consumption	phenotype
ethanol preference	phenotype
Ethanol-reinforced cohort local	cohort
ethanol reinforcement	phenotype
Ethanol reinforcing and rewarding effects local	phenotype
EtOH	drug
experimental group	cohort
GABA	phenotype
GABAA receptor	drug
Gabra1	gene
GABRA2	gene
GABRA3	gene
Gabra4	gene
GABRA5	gene
GABRA6	gene
GABRB	gene
GABRB1	gene
Gabrb2	gene
Gabrb3	gene
Gabrd	gene
GABRE	gene
Gabrg1	gene
Gabrg2	gene
Gabrg3	gene
GABRP	gene
GABRQ	gene
Gamma-aminobutyric acid A receptor local	drug
glutamate	drug
HEK293 cells local	drug
hippocampus	anatomy
Home cage ethanol intake local	phenotype
inactive lever responding local	phenotype
Inactive lever responding local	phenotype
inactive lever responses local	phenotype
Instrumental responding for oral ethanol local	phenotype
Invitrogen	drug
isoflurane	drug
Latency to fall	phenotype
lateral hypothalamus	anatomy
Lever-press responding for ethanol local	phenotype
Lipofectamine 2000	drug
locomotor activity	phenotype
Long Evans rats local	cohort
medial prefrontal cortex	anatomy
mice	cohort
motor activity	phenotype
muscimol	drug
NAc core	anatomy
NAc shell	anatomy
negative siRNA control local	drug
non-reinforced group local	cohort
nucleus accumbens	anatomy
nucleus accumbens core	anatomy
nucleus accumbens shell	anatomy
Open field test	phenotype
percent change measure local	phenotype
rats	cohort
Rats with GABRA4 reduction local	cohort
reinforced group local	cohort
Rewarding properties of ethanol	phenotype
Rotarod performance	phenotype
Satiation local	phenotype
self-administration sessions local	phenotype
serotonin	drug
shell	anatomy
shRNA	drug
siRNA	drug
SR 95531 local	drug
standard rat chow local	drug
sucrose	drug
Sucrose intake	phenotype
Sucrose-reinforced responding local	phenotype
target mRNAs local	gene
taste reactivity	phenotype
Taste Reactivity to Ethanol local	phenotype
transient behavioral effects local	phenotype
Treatment virus local	drug
treatment virus group local	cohort
trichloroacetic acid	drug
Unreinforced cohort local	cohort
unreinforced responding for ethanol local	phenotype
ventral medial prefrontal cortex	anatomy
ventral pallidum	anatomy
viral infusion local	drug
Viral infusion local	drug
Virus local	drug
virus infusion local	drug
Virus infusion local	drug
virus treatment local	drug
voluntary alcohol consumption	phenotype
water	drug
α4-1 siRNA local	drug
α4βδ GABAAR local	drug
α4βδ GABA_A receptor local	drug
Δ9THC local	drug

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