Season of birth and dopamine receptor gene associations with impulsivity, sensation seeking and reproductive behaviors.

paper Cited Public

Authors: Eisenberg, Dan T A; Campbell, Benjamin; Mackillop, James; Lum, J Koji; Wilson, David S
Year: 2007
Journal: PloS one
PMID: 18030347
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0001216
PMCID: PMC2075470

BACKGROUND: Season of birth (SOB) has been associated with many physiological and psychological traits including novelty seeking and sensation seeking. Similar traits have been associated with genetic polymorphisms in the dopamine system. SOB and dopamine receptor genetic polymorphisms may independently and interactively influence similar behaviors through their common effects on the dopaminergic system. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Based on a sample of 195 subjects, we examined whether SOB was associated with impulsivity, sensation seeking and reproductive behaviors. Additionally we examined potential interactions of dopamine receptor genes with SOB for the same set of traits. Phenotypes were evaluated using the Sociosexual Orientation Inventory, the Barratt Impulsivity Scale, the Eysenck Impulsivity Questionnaire, the Sensation Seeking Scale, and the Delay Discounting Task. Subjects were also asked about their age at first sex as well as their desired age at the birth of their first child. The dopamine gene polymorphisms examined were Dopamine Receptor D2 (DRD2) TaqI A and D4 (DRD4) 48 bp VNTR. Primary analyses included factorial genderxSOB ANOVAs or binary logistic regression models for each dependent trait. Secondary analysis extended the factorial models by also including DRD2 and DRD4 genotypes as independent variables. Winter-born males were more sensation seeking than non-winter born males. In factorial models including both genotype and season of birth as variables, two previously unobserved effects were discovered: (1) a SOBxDRD4 interaction effect on venturesomeness and (2) a DRD2xDRD4 interaction effect on sensation seeking. CONCLUSION: These results are consistent with past findings that SOB is related to sensation seeking. Additionally, these results provide tentative support for the hypothesis that SOB modifies the behavioral expression of dopaminergic genetic polymorphism. These findings suggest that SOB should be included in future studies of risky behaviors and behavioral genetic studies of the dopamine system.

#	Section	Preview
0	Introduction	Season of birth (SOB) has been associated with such diverse physiological and psychological human…
1	Introduction	Suggested explanations for the associations between SOB and this wide array of psychological and…
2	Introduction	Consistent with the dopamine-melatonin hypothesis, traits associated with SOB have also been linked…
3	Introduction	This paper focuses on SOB and its interaction with dopamine receptor genes and gender. It is part of…
4	Introduction	We examined two dopaminergic genetic polymorphisms: DRD2 TaqI A and DRD4 48 bp VNTR. The DRD2 TaqI A…
5	Introduction	a nearby kinase gene, the Ankyrin Repeat and Kinase Domain Containing 1 (ANKK1) gene, where it…
6	Introduction	The DRD4 48-bp VNTR polymorphism is in exon 3 of the gene coding for the dopamine receptor D4. The…
7	Introduction	Based on the existing literature, we predicted that winter-borns would exhibit increased sensation…
8	Methods — Participants and procedures	Between February and April 2005 a total of 195 subjects were recruited for participation from the…
9	Methods — Phenotype Assessment — Sociosexual Orientation Inventory (SOI)	The SOI measures restriction of sexual and pair-bonding behaviors. It has been validated on student…
10	Methods — Phenotype Assessment — Barratt Impulsivity Scale, Version 11 (BIS-11)	The BIS-11 provides a general measure of impulsivity and three subscores: Attentional Impulsiveness…
11	Methods — Phenotype Assessment — Eysenck Impulsivity Questionnaire (EIQ)	The EIQ is a self-report measure of impulsivity that generates three subscales, of which two were…
12	Methods — Phenotype Assessment — Sensation Seeking Scale–Form A (SSS)	Sensation seeking is a related construct to impulsivity, and has both been shown to exhibit moderate…
13	Methods — Phenotype Assessment — Delay Discounting Task (DDT)	To capture discounting of delayed rewards empirically, the DDT poses participants with repeated…
14	Methods — Phenotype Assessment — Additional Self-Report Questions	Subjects were asked their desired age to have their first child, or whether they did not want to…
15	Methods — Phenotype Assessment — Season of birth	Subjects were asked their year, month and country of birth. For SOB analyses, only those born under…
16	Methods — Phenotype Assessment — Season of birth	Consistent with past associations of SOB with sensation and novelty seeking [26]–[28], October to…
17	Methods — Genotyping	DNA was collected with QuickExtract buccal swabs and extracted with BuccalAmp solution as directed…
18	Methods — Data Analysis	All data were examined for outlying data points, distribution normality, and missing values. To…
19	Methods — Data Analysis	Based on previous association studies of the DRD2 TaqI A polymorphism, individuals with at least one…

Name	Type
2R allele local	variant
4R allele local	variant
5-Hydroxyindoleacetic acid local	drug
A2 allele local	variant
age at first sexual intercourse	phenotype
age at menopause	phenotype
age of menarche	phenotype
AgeSex local	phenotype
alcoholism	phenotype
Altered behavior local	phenotype
Altered physiology local	phenotype
ANKK1	gene
autism	phenotype
Barrett Impulsivity Scale local	phenotype
behavior	phenotype
Birth climate local	phenotype
birth environment local	phenotype
Birth environment local	phenotype
birth weight	phenotype
bisexual local	phenotype
blood pressure	phenotype
BMI	phenotype
body-mass index	phenotype
boredom susceptibility local	phenotype
BuccalAmp solution local	drug
children	cohort
Circadian rhythms	phenotype
cold phases local	phenotype
college population	cohort
D4 receptor responsiveness local	phenotype
DDT local	drug
decreased harvests local	phenotype
decreasing population local	phenotype
delay discounting	phenotype
delay discounting task local	phenotype
Delay Discounting Task local	phenotype
desired age at first birth local	phenotype
Desired age for first child local	phenotype
Desire for children local	phenotype
desire for children earlier local	phenotype
Developing human brains local	cohort
disinhibition	phenotype
dopamine	drug
dopamine receptor alleles local	variant
Dopaminergic system	drug
DRD1	gene
DRD2	gene
DRD2 TaqI A local	variant
DRD2 TaqIA	variant
DRD2 TaqI A polymorphism local	variant
DRD4	gene
DRD4 48-bp VNTR local	variant
DRD4 48-bp VNTR polymorphism local	variant
DRD4 48bp VNTR polymorphism local	variant
DRD4 7-repeat allele	variant
DRD4 L local	variant
DRD4 VNTR	variant
DRD4 VNTR locus local	variant
DRD5	gene
dynastic changes local	phenotype
early humans local	cohort
Early photoperiod local	phenotype
eating disorders	phenotype
EIQ local	phenotype
EIQ-V local	phenotype
Environmental quality local	phenotype
Eysenck Impulsivity Questionnaire local	phenotype
Fecundability local	phenotype
fertility	phenotype
Glu→Lys substitution local	variant
Handedness	phenotype
height	phenotype
heterosexual activity local	phenotype
homosexual activity local	phenotype
homovanillic acid	drug
Human Subject Research Pool at the State University of New York at Binghamton local	cohort
impulsivity	phenotype
Impulsivity/risk-taking local	phenotype
increased warfare local	phenotype
Infectious disease load local	phenotype
kids	phenotype
k value local	phenotype
lab animals local	cohort
life expectancy	phenotype
Long allele (DRD4 VNTR) local	variant
Long DRD4 allele local	variant
Lower amine activity local	phenotype
mammalian species complex local	cohort
melatonin	drug
mice	cohort
monkeys	cohort
Morning versus evening preference local	phenotype
neuroendocrine control local	phenotype
Non-planning impulsivity	phenotype
Northern Hemisphere sample local	cohort
Not-winter-borns local	cohort
novelty seeking	phenotype
nutrition	phenotype
October to March borns local	cohort
overall survival	phenotype
pair bonding	phenotype
Paleo-climate local	phenotype
panic disorder	phenotype
participants	cohort
pathological gambling	phenotype
phenotypic scales local	phenotype
photoperiod local	phenotype
Photoperiod local	phenotype
physiological and behavioral plasticity local	phenotype
pregnant women	cohort
promiscuous sexual behavior local	phenotype
psychiatric disorders	phenotype
QuickExtract buccal swabs local	drug
rats	cohort
reproductive behaviors local	phenotype
reproductive physiology local	phenotype
retina	anatomy
risk-associated behaviors local	phenotype
risk-taking behavior	phenotype
schizophrenia	phenotype
seasonal affective disorder local	phenotype
Seasonal rhythms local	phenotype
season of birth local	cohort
season of birth local	phenotype
Season of birth local	phenotype
Season of Birth local	phenotype
self-reported impulsivity	phenotype
self-reported virginity status local	phenotype
self-report measures local	phenotype
Sensation local	phenotype
sensation seeking (SSS-Total) local	phenotype
Sensitivity to light later in life local	phenotype
serotonin	drug
sex	phenotype
Sex-ratio of offspring local	phenotype
sexual behavior	phenotype
sexual promiscuity local	phenotype
Short allele (DRD4 VNTR) local	variant
SOB local	drug
SOB local	phenotype
SOI local	phenotype
SSS-BS local	phenotype
SSS-ES local	phenotype
SSS-TAS local	phenotype
SSS-Total local	phenotype
Stressed pregnant rats local	cohort
student populations local	cohort
subjects	cohort
substance abuse	phenotype
suicide	phenotype
Swedish general population local	cohort
Swedish high school sample local	cohort
TaqI A local	variant
total sensation seeking local	phenotype
tropical environment local	phenotype
UK university distance learning students local	cohort
United States college students local	cohort
University grades local	phenotype
Venturesomeness local	phenotype
venturesomeness (EIQ-V) local	phenotype
Virginity local	phenotype
virginity status local	phenotype
Virgin status local	phenotype
winter-born local	phenotype
winter-borns local	cohort
Winter-borns local	phenotype
Women with seasonal affective disorder local	cohort

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In this knowledge base

Title	Year	PMID
Predicting sensation seeking from dopamine genes. A candidate-system approach.	2010	20732903

External

Title	Authors	Journal	Year	Link
Manifestations of dark personality traits in work contexts: a comparison of sociodemographic variables between Spain and Chile.	Bueno de la Fuente C et al.	—	2025	→
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Potential Relationship between Season of Birth and Clinical Characteristics in Major Depressive Disorder in Koreans: Results from the CRESCEND Study.	Park SC et al.	—	2016	→
Delay discounting for sucrose in alcohol-preferring and nonpreferring rats using a sipper tube within-sessions task.	Perkel JK et al.	—	2015	→
Differences according to Sex in Sociosexuality and Infidelity after Traumatic Brain Injury.	Moreno JA et al.	—	2015	→
Sensation-seeking: Dopaminergic modulation and risk for psychopathology.	Norbury A et al.	—	2015	→
The Molecular Neurobiology of Twelve Steps Program & Fellowship: Connecting the Dots for Recovery.	Blum K et al.	—	2015	→
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Dopamine DRD2/ANKK1 Taq1A and DAT1 VNTR polymorphisms are associated with a cognitive flexibility profile in pathological gamblers.	Fagundo AB et al.	—	2014	→
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Epistatic interactions implicating dopaminergic genes in bulimia nervosa (BN): relationships to eating- and personality-related psychopathology.	Thaler L et al.	—	2012	→
Imaging of seasonal affective disorder and seasonality effects on serotonin and dopamine function in the human brain.	Praschak-Rieder N et al.	—	2012	→
Neurogenetic Impairments of Brain Reward Circuitry Links to Reward Deficiency Syndrome (RDS): Potential Nutrigenomic Induced Dopaminergic Activation.	Blum K et al.	—	2012	→
Neuropsychiatric Genetics of Happiness, Friendships, and Politics: Hypothesizing Homophily ("Birds of a Feather Flock Together") as a Function of Reward Gene Polymorphisms.	Blum K et al.	—	2012	→
Seasonality of striatal dopamine synthesis capacity in Parkinson's disease.	Kaasinen V et al.	—	2012	→
Season of sampling and season of birth influence serotonin metabolite levels in human cerebrospinal fluid.	Luykx JJ et al.	—	2012	→
Solar cycle predicts folate-sensitive neonatal genotypes at discrete phases of the first trimester of pregnancy: a novel folate-related human embryo loss hypothesis.	Lucock M et al.	—	2012	→
The role of emotional promiscuity in unprotected sex.	Jones DN et al.	—	2012	→
Generational association studies of dopaminergic genes in reward deficiency syndrome (RDS) subjects: selecting appropriate phenotypes for reward dependence behaviors.	Blum K et al.	—	2011	→
Perinatal winter conditions affect later reproductive performance in Romanian women: intra and intergenerational effects.	Huber S et al.	—	2011	→
Season of birth and exceptional longevity: comparative study of american centenarians, their siblings, and spouses.	Gavrilov LA et al.	—	2011	→
The genetic basis of delay discounting and its genetic relationship to alcohol dependence.	Mitchell SH	—	2011	→
The role of dopamine transporter (SLC6A3) and dopamine D2 receptor/ankyrin repeat and kinase domain containing 1 (DRD2/ANKK1) gene polymorphisms in personality traits.	Kazantseva A et al.	—	2011	→
Association between dopaminergic polymorphisms and borderline personality traits among at-risk young adults and psychiatric inpatients.	Nemoda Z et al.	—	2010	→
Cognitive and emotional processing associated with the Season of Birth and dopamine D4 receptor gene.	Roussos P et al.	—	2010	→
Dopamine D4 receptor gene associated with fairness preference in ultimatum game.	Zhong S et al.	—	2010	→
Haplotypes of dopamine and serotonin transporter genes are associated with antisocial personality disorder in alcoholics.	Reese J et al.	—	2010	→
Predicting sensation seeking from dopamine genes. A candidate-system approach.	Derringer J et al.	—	2010	→
Testosterone exposure, dopaminergic reward, and sensation-seeking in young men.	Campbell BC et al.	—	2010	→
Gender Role Conflict, Interest in Casual Sex, and Relationship Satisfaction Among Gay Men.	Sanchez FJ et al.	—	2009	→
Neurogenetics of dopaminergic receptor supersensitivity in activation of brain reward circuitry and relapse: proposing "deprivation-amplification relapse therapy" (DART).	Blum K et al.	—	2009	→
The effects of memantine on prepulse inhibition.	Swerdlow NR et al.	—	2009	→