Human aggression across the lifespan: genetic propensities and environmental moderators.

paper Cited Public

Authors: Tuvblad, Catherine; Baker, Laura A
Year: 2011
Journal: Advances in genetics
PMID: 22078481
DOI: 10.1016/B978-0-12-380858-5.00007-1
PMCID: PMC3696520

#	Section	Preview
80	IV. Conclusions	Although we are unaware of any twin or adoption studies of aggression induced in authoritative…
81	IV. Conclusions	Today, we have the potential to identify genetic risks at the level of specific genes, and identify…

Name	Type
5-HTTLPR	variant
5HTTLPR low activity VNTR allele local	variant
academic performance	phenotype
ADHD	phenotype
adolescent antisocial behavior	phenotype
adolescent drinking	phenotype
adolescents	cohort
adolescent sample	cohort
adopted children	cohort
Adoptees	cohort
adoption samples local	cohort
adoption studies	cohort
adoptive parents	cohort
Adoptive siblings local	cohort
adulthood	cohort
adults	cohort
adult sample	cohort
adverse childhood experiences	phenotype
Adverse rearing environment local	phenotype
African American	cohort
age of first police contact local	phenotype
aggression	phenotype
Aggressive affect local	phenotype
Aggressive cognition local	phenotype
Aggressive impulsivity local	phenotype
Aggressive parents local	phenotype
Aggressive reactions to provocation local	phenotype
Aggressive symptoms of conduct disorder local	phenotype
alcohol	phenotype
alcohol abuse	phenotype
Alcohol Use	phenotype
Antisocial outcomes local	phenotype
antisocial personality disorder	phenotype
anxiety	phenotype
argumentativeness local	phenotype
Argumentativeness local	phenotype
arson	phenotype
attempted rape	phenotype
BDHI local	phenotype
behavior	phenotype
Behavioral and emotional problems local	phenotype
Benign environments local	phenotype
better-off neighborhoods local	cohort
Biological parents	cohort
Biological siblings local	cohort
birth parents	cohort
birth weight	phenotype
bullying	phenotype
child aggression local	phenotype
childhood	cohort
Childhood samples local	cohort
children	cohort
Cloninger et al., 1982 local	cohort
Cloninger et al. 1985 local	cohort
cognitive ability	phenotype
COMT	gene
conduct disorder	phenotype
controls	cohort
crime	phenotype
Criminal offending local	phenotype
cruelty toward others local	phenotype
Cruelty toward others local	phenotype
Deater-Deckard and Plomin 1999 study local	cohort
Defensive reactions local	phenotype
defiance	phenotype
delinquency	phenotype
development	phenotype
direct physical aggression local	phenotype
Direct physical aggression local	phenotype
Disadvantaged environments local	phenotype
disinhibition	phenotype
Disinhibitory spectrum local	phenotype
dopamine	drug
DRD2	gene
DRD3	gene
DRD4	gene
drug	drug
drug dependence	phenotype
Dunedin sample local	cohort
Dutch family local	cohort
DZ male-female twins local	cohort
Early adverse environment local	phenotype
eating behavior	phenotype
empathy	phenotype
environment	drug
environmental factors	drug
Environmental Risk Longitudinal Twin Study local	cohort
environmental vulnerability local	phenotype
Epinephrine local	drug
E-risk study local	cohort
European ancestry	cohort
exhibitionism	phenotype
exposure to media violence local	drug
externalizing behavior	phenotype
externalizing disorders	phenotype
families of boys local	cohort
families of girls local	cohort
Families of girls local	cohort
family dysfunction	phenotype
Family warmth local	phenotype
gene effect (mean levels) local	phenotype
generalized anxiety disorder	phenotype
gene relative variance (heritability) local	phenotype
genes	gene
genetic liability for conduct disorder local	phenotype
genetic risk	cohort
genetic risk factors local	drug
Gestation length local	phenotype
harsh discipline	phenotype
heritability	phenotype
high-activity MAOA genotype local	variant
High socioeconomic status local	phenotype
high socioeconomic status (SES) local	phenotype
identical twins (MZ) females local	cohort
identical twins (MZ) males local	cohort
impulsivity	phenotype
indirect hostility local	phenotype
Indirect hostility local	phenotype
indirect relational aggression local	phenotype
Indirect relational aggression local	phenotype
intellectual disability	phenotype
Language development local	phenotype
Large population-based twin studies local	cohort
leadership local	phenotype
less advantaged neighborhoods local	cohort
Lewis et al. 2001 local	cohort
low-activity MAOA genotype local	variant
low socioeconomic status (SES) local	phenotype
major depressive disorder	phenotype
maltreated boys local	cohort
MAOA	gene
MAOA high-activity allele local	variant
MAOA low-activity allele	variant
MAOA mutation local	variant
maternal control local	phenotype
maternal negativity	phenotype
Maternal rejection local	phenotype
Media violence local	drug
MF local	phenotype
Minnesota Study of Twins and Families local	cohort
molecular genetic studies local	cohort
mood disorders	phenotype
Mother's control local	phenotype
Mother's monitoring local	phenotype
Mother's negativity local	phenotype
Mother's positivity local	phenotype
National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (Ad-Health) local	cohort
negative affect	phenotype
negative parenting	phenotype
Nonadopted children local	cohort
Nonadoptees local	cohort
nonidentical twins (DZ) females local	cohort
nonidentical twins (DZ) males local	cohort
norepinephrine	drug
Northern America local	cohort
novelty seeking	phenotype
opposite-sex twins local	cohort
oppositional defiant disorder	phenotype
Overt physical aggression local	phenotype
parental criticism	phenotype
parental divorce/separation	phenotype
parents of twins local	cohort
personality traits	phenotype
phobic anxiety	phenotype
physical abuse	phenotype
physical activity	phenotype
physical health	phenotype
physical maltreatment local	drug
Planned proactive aggression local	phenotype
PNMT local	gene
Poor parenting local	phenotype
poverty	phenotype
pregnancy complications	phenotype
Preschool children local	cohort
prosocial behavior	phenotype
psychiatric disorders	phenotype
psychological function	phenotype
psychopathology	phenotype
psychopathy	phenotype
relationships	phenotype
religiosity	phenotype
RFAB study local	cohort
Rhee and Waldman 2002 local	cohort
Rutter 2006 local	cohort
serotonin	drug
sex	phenotype
Sexual jealousy local	phenotype
shared environment local	cohort
shared environmental influence	phenotype
sibling adoption design local	cohort
Sibling adoption studies local	cohort
singletons	cohort
SLC6A3	gene
SNPs of epinephrine local	variant
SNPs of norepinephrine local	variant
SNPs of PNMT local	variant
social disadvantage	phenotype
socioeconomically advantaged environment local	cohort
socioeconomically disadvantaged environment local	cohort
socioeconomic status	phenotype
substance abuse	phenotype
substance use	phenotype
Swedish 16–17-year-old twins local	cohort
Swedish male adoptees cohort local	cohort
Threats to resources local	phenotype
Twin cohort	cohort
twin cohort (age 7-12) local	cohort
twin cohort (age 9-10, boys) local	cohort
twins aged 7–12 years local	cohort
Twins raised apart local	cohort
Twins raised together local	cohort
University of Southern California Twin Study of Risk Factors for Antisocial Behavior local	cohort
van den Oord et al. (1994) local	cohort
van der Valk 1998 study local	cohort
van der Valk et al. (1998) local	cohort
Verbal aggression local	phenotype
verbal hostility local	phenotype
Verbal hostility local	phenotype
violence	phenotype
violent behavior	phenotype
violent video games local	drug
Violent video games local	drug
vulnerability to environmental stress local	phenotype
young adults	cohort

Citation	PMID	DOI	Status
Achenbach, TM, Manual for Teacher's Report form and 1991 Profile	—	—	—
Achenbach, TM, Manual for the Child Behavior Checklist/4-18 and 1991 Profile	—	—	—
Achenbach, TM, Manual for the Youth Self-Report and 1991 Profile	—	—	—
Anderson, CA et al., Psychol Bull, 2010, Violent video game effects on aggression, empathy, and prosocial behavior in eastern and western countries: A meta-analytic review	20192553	10.1037/a0018251	Cited
Baker, LA et al., J Abnorm Child Psychol, 2008, Differential genetic and environmental influences on reactive and proactive aggression in children	18615267	10.1007/s10802-008-9249-1	Cited
Baker, LA et al., J Abnorm Psychol, 2007, Genetic and environmental bases of childhood antisocial behavior: A multi-informant twin study	17516756	10.1037/0021-843X.116.2.219	Cited
Baker, LA et al., Twin Res Hum Genet, 2006, The southern California twin register at the university of southern California: II	17254433	10.1375/183242706779462912	Cited
Bandura, A, Aggression: A Social Learning Theory Analysis, 1973	—	—	—
Bartels, M et al., Behav Genet, 2002, Genetic and Environmental Influences on the Development of Intelligence	12211623	10.1023/a:1019772628912	Cited
Bartels, M et al., Behav Genet, 2003, Co-occurrence of aggressive behavior and rule-breaking behavior at age 12: Multi-rater analyses	14574136	10.1023/a:1025787019702	Cited
Brunner, H et al., Science, 1993, Abnormal behavior associated with a point mutation in the structural gene for monoamine oxidase A	8211186	10.1126/science.8211186	Cited
Burt, AS, Clin Psychol Rev, 2009, Are there meaningful etiological differences within antisocial behavior? Results of a meta-analysis	19193479	10.1016/j.cpr.2008.12.004	Cited
Bushman, BJ et al., Psychol Bull, 1990, Effects of alcohol on human aggression: An integrative research interview	2140902	10.1037/0033-2909.107.3.341	Cited
Buss, AH et al., J Consult Clin Psychol, 1957, An inventory for assessing different kinds of hostility	13463189	10.1037/h0046900	Cited
Buss, AH et al., J Pers Soc Psychol, 1992, The aggression questionnaire	1403624	10.1037//0022-3514.63.3.452	Cited
Button, TMM et al., Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet, 2004, Do aggressive and non-aggressive antisocial behaviors in adolescents result from the same genetic and environmental effects?	15274042	10.1002/ajmg.b.30045	Cited
Button, TMM et al., Behav Genet, 2005, Family dysfunction interacts with genes in the causation of antisocial symptoms	15685425	10.1007/s10519-004-0826-y	Cited
Caspi, A et al., Arch Gen Psychiatry, 2008, A replicated molecular genetic basis for subtyping antisocial behavior in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder	18250258	10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2007.24	Cited
Caspi, A et al., Science, 2002, Role of genotype in the cycle of violence in maltreated children	12161658	10.1126/science.1072290	Cited
Cates, DS et al., J Behav Med, 1993, Heritability of hostility-related emotions, attitudes, and behaviors	8350340	10.1007/BF00844758	Cited
Cho, H et al., Prev Sci, 2006, Genetic contribution to suicidal behaviors and associated risk factors among adolescents in the US	16775759	10.1007/s11121-006-0042-5	Cited
Christensen, K et al., Br Med J, 2006, Comparison of academic performance of twins and singletons in adolescence: Follow-up study	17012267	10.1136/bmj.38959.650903.7C	Cited
Cloninger, CR et al., Arch Gen Psychiatry, 1982, Predisposition to petty criminality in Swedish adoptees. II. Cross-fostering analysis of gene-environment interaction	7138224	10.1001/archpsyc.1982.04290110010002	Cited
Cloninger, CR et al., Recent Dev Alcohol, 1985, Psychopathology in adopted-out children of alcoholics. The Stockholm Adoption Study	3975456	10.1007/978-1-4615-7715-7_4	Cited
Cloninger, CR et al., The Causes of Crime: New Biological Approaches, 1987, Genetic and environmental factors in antisocial behavior disorders	—	—	—
Coccaro, EF et al., Biol Psychiatry, 1997, Heritability of aggression and irritability: A twin study of the Buss-Durkee aggression scales in adult male subjects	9024950	10.1016/s0006-3223(96)00257-0	Cited
Conners, CK, Child Dev, 1970, Symptom patterns in hyperkinetic, neurotic, and normal children	—	—	—
Crick, NR et al., Dev Psychopathol, 1996, Children's treatment by peers: Victims of relational and overt aggression	—	—	—
Cronk, N et al., J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry, 2002, Emotional and behavioral problems among female twins: An evaluation of the equal environments assumption	12108808	10.1097/00004583-200207000-00016	Cited
Czajkowski, N et al., J Pers Disord, 2008, Passive-aggressive (negativistic) personality disorder: A population-based twin study	18312126	10.1521/pedi.2008.22.1.109	Cited
Deater-Deckard, K et al., Child Dev, 1999, An adoption study of the etiology of teacher and parent reports of externalizing behavior problems in middle childhood	10191519	10.1111/1467-8624.00011	Cited
DeFries, JC et al., Behav Genet, 1985, Multiple regression analysis of twin data	4074272	10.1007/BF01066239	Cited
DeLisi, M et al., J Crim Justice, 2008, The etiology of criminal onset: The enduring salience of nature and nurture	—	—	—
Derks, EM et al., Twin Res, 2006, A test of the equal environment assumption (EEA) in multivariate twin studies	16790150	10.1375/183242706777591290	Cited
Dionne, G et al., Dev Psychol, 2003, Physical aggression and expressive vocabulary in 19-month-old twins	12661885	10.1037//0012-1649.39.2.261	Cited
Dodge, K, The Development and Treatment of Childhood Aggression, 1991, The structure and function of reactive and proactive aggression	—	—	—
Dodge, KA et al., J Abnorm Psychol, 1997, Reactive and proactive aggression in school children and psychiatrically impaired chronically assaultive youth	9103716	10.1037//0021-843x.106.1.37	Cited
Dodge, KA et al., J Pers Soc Psychol, 1987, Social-information processing factors in reactive and proactive aggression in children's peer groups	3694454	10.1037//0022-3514.53.6.1146	Cited
Eaves, LJ, Genet Epidemiol, 1984, The resolution of genotype x environment interaction in segregation analysis of nuclear families	6544238	10.1002/gepi.1370010302	Cited
Edelbrock, C et al., J Child Psychol Psychiatry, 1995, A twin study of competence and problem behavior in childhood and early adolescence	7559844	10.1111/j.1469-7610.1995.tb01328.x	Cited
Eley, TC et al., Child Dev, 1999, Sex differences in the etiology of aggressive and nonaggressive antisocial behavior: Results from two twin studies	10191520	10.1111/1467-8624.00012	Cited
Eriksson, M et al., Behav Genet, 2006, Genetic factors in physical activity and the equal environment assumption—The Swedish young male twin study	16502139	10.1007/s10519-005-9018-7	Cited
Ferguson, CJ et al., J Pediatr, 2009, The public health risks of media violence: A meta-analytic review	19230901	10.1016/j.jpeds.2008.11.033	Cited
Ferguson, CJ et al., Psychol Bull, 2010, Much ado about nothing: The misestimation and overinter-pretation of violent video game effects in eastern and western nations: Comment on Anderson et al. (2010)	20192554	10.1037/a0018566	Cited
Finkel, D et al., J Pers Soc Psychol, 1997, Sex differences and nonadditivity in heritability of the Multidimensional Personality Questionnaire Scales	9108705	10.1037//0022-3514.72.4.929	Cited
Foley, DL et al., Arch Gen Psychiatry, 2004, Childhood adversity, monoamine oxidase a genotype, and risk for conduct disorder	15237086	10.1001/archpsyc.61.7.738	Cited
Ge, X et al., Dev Psychol, 1996, The developmental interface between nature and nurture: A mutual influence model of child antisocial behavior and parent behaviors	—	—	—
Gelhorn, HL et al., J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry, 2006, Common and specific genetic influences on aggressive and nonaggressive conduct disorder domains	16670651	10.1097/01.chi.0000198596.76443.b0	Cited
Ghodesian-Carpey, J et al., Aggress Behav, 1987, Genetic and environmental influences on aggression in 4- to 7-year-old twins	—	—	—
Gjone, H et al., J Child Psychol Psychiatry, 1995, Parental ratings of behaviour problems: A twin study and general population comparison	8847381	10.1111/j.1469-7610.1995.tb01366.x	Cited
Gough, HG, Psychol Rep, 1960, The adjective check list as a personality assessment research technique	—	—	—
Guo, G et al., Hum Genet, 2007, Contributions of the DAT1 and DRD2 genes to serious and violent delinquency among adolescents and young adults	17120049	10.1007/s00439-006-0244-8	Cited
Haberstick, BC et al., Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet, 2005, Monoamine oxidase A (MAOA) and antisocial behaviors in the presence of childhood and adolescent maltreatment	15806601	10.1002/ajmg.b.30176	Cited
Haberstick, BC et al., Behav Genet, Genes and developmental stability of aggressive behavior problems at home and school in a community sample of twins aged 7–12	16816994	10.1007/s10519-006-9092-5	Cited
Haberstick, BC et al., Biol Psychiatry, Family-based association test of the 5HTTLPR and aggressive behavior in a general population sample of children	16412987	10.1016/j.biopsych.2005.10.008	Cited
Haney, C et al., Naval Res Rev, 1973, A study of prisoners and guards in a simulated prison	—	—	—
Hettema, JM et al., Behav Genet, 1995, Physical similarity and the equal-environment assumption in twin studies of psychiatric disorders	7575361	10.1007/BF02197281	Cited
Hodgins, S et al., Arch Gen Psychiatry, 2001, Obstetric complications, parenting, and risk of criminal behavior	11483140	10.1001/archpsyc.58.8.746	Cited
Hudziak, JJ et al., Behav Genet, 2003, Individual differences in aggression: Genetic analyses by age, gender, and informant in 3-, 7-, and 10-year-old Dutch Twins	14574134	10.1023/a:1025782918793	Cited
Hudziak, JJ et al., J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry, 2000, A twin study of inattentive, aggressive, and anxious/depressed behaviors	10761349	10.1097/00004583-200004000-00016	Cited
Huesmann, LR, Psychol Bull, 2010, Nailing the coffin shut on doubts that violent video games stimulate aggression: Comment on Anderson et al. (2010)	20192555	10.1037/a0018567	Cited
Iacono, WG et al., Twin Res Hum Genet, 2006, Minnesota center for twin and family research	17254440	10.1375/183242706779462642	Cited
Jacobson, KC et al., Dev Psychol, 2002, Sex differences in the genetic and environmental influences on the development of antisocial behavior	12030698	10.1017/s0954579402002110	Cited
Jaffee, SR et al., Dev Psychopathol, 2005, Nature × nurture: Genetic vulnerabilities interact with physical maltreatment to promote conduct problems	15971760	10.1017/s0954579405050042	Cited
Kendler, K et al., Arch Gen Psychiatry, 2003, The structure of genetic and environmental risk factors for common psychiatric and substance use disorders in men and women	12963675	10.1001/archpsyc.60.9.929	Cited
Kendler, K et al., Behav Genet, 1993, A test of the equal-environment assumption in twin studies of psychiatric illness	8476388	10.1007/BF01067551	Cited
Keyes, MA et al., Twin Res Hum Genet, 2009, The enrichment study of the Minnesota twin family study: Increasing the yield of twin families at high risk for externalizing psychopathology	19803776	10.1375/twin.12.5.489	Cited
Kim-Cohen, J et al., Mol Psychiatry, 2006, MAOA, maltreatment, and gene-environment interaction predicting children's mental health: New evidence and a meta-analysis	16801953	10.1038/sj.mp.4001851	Cited
Klump, KL et al., Behav Genet, 2000, Physical similarity and twin resemblance for eating attitudes and behaviors: A test of the equal environments assumption	10934799	10.1023/a:1002038610763	Cited
Knafo, A et al., Dev Psychol, 2006, Prosocial behavior from early to middle childhood: Genetic and environmental influences on stability and change	16953685	10.1037/0012-1649.42.5.771	Cited
Krueger, RF et al., Behav Genet, 1998, Assortative mating for antisocial behavior: Developmental and methodological implications	9670593	10.1023/a:1021419013124	Cited
Krueger, RF et al., J Abnorm Psychol, 2002, Etiologic connections among substance dependence, antisocial behavior, and personality: Modeling the externalizing spectrum	12150417	—	Cited
Krueger, RF et al., J Abnorm Psychol, 2005, Externalizing psychopathology in adulthood: A dimensional-spectrum conceptualization and its implications for DSM–V	16351376	10.1037/0021-843X.114.4.537	Cited
Krueger, RF et al., J Abnorm Psychol, 2007, Linking antisocial behavior, substance use, and personality: An integrative quantitative model of the adult externalizing spectrum	18020714	10.1037/0021-843X.116.4.645	Cited
Lahey, BB et al., J Abnorm Psychol, 2004, The structure of child and adolescent psychopathology: Generating new hypotheses	15311983	10.1037/0021-843X.113.3.358	Cited
Leventhal, T et al., Psychol Bull, 2000, The neighbourhoods they live in: The effects of neighbourhood residence on child and adolescent outcomes	10748645	10.1037/0033-2909.126.2.309	Cited
Lewis, DO et al., J Am Acad Psychiatry Law, 2001, Six adoptees who murdered: Neuropsychiatric vulnerabilities and characteristics of biological and adoptive parents	11785610	—	Cited
Linnoila, M et al., Life Sci, 1983, Low cerebrospinal fluid 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid concentration differentiates impulsive from non-impulsive violent behavior	6198573	10.1016/0024-3205(83)90344-2	Cited
Lipsey, MW et al., Recent Dev Alcohol, 1997, Is there a causal relationship between alcohol use and violence? A synthesis of evidence	9122498	10.1007/0-306-47141-8_14	Cited
Loehlin, JC, Behav Genet, 2010, Is there an active gene-environment correlation in adolescent drinking behavior?	20213348	10.1007/s10519-010-9347-z	Cited
Loehlin, JC, Genes and environment in personality development, 1992	—	—	—
Maes, HH et al., Twin Res Hum Genet, 2007, Genetic and cultural transmission of antisocial behavior: An extended twin parent model	17539373	10.1375/twin.10.1.136	Cited
Maes, HHM et al., Psychol Med, 1998, Assortative mating for major psychiatric diagnosis in two population-based samples	9854280	10.1017/s0033291798007326	Cited
Mather, K et al., Biometrical Genetics: The Study of Continuous Variation, 1982	—	—	—
Mathew, KA et al., Child Dev, 1980, Measurement of the type A behavior pattern in children: Assessment of children's competitiveness, impatience-anger, and aggression	7398452	—	Cited
Mauger, PA, Interpersonal Behavior Survey (IBS) Manual, 1980	—	—	—
McGue, M et al., Dev Psychol, 1993, Personality stability and change in early adulthood: A behavioral genetic analyses	—	—	—
Meininger, JC et al., Nurs Res, 1988, Genetics or environment? Type A behavior and cardiovascular risk factors in twin children	3186476	—	Cited
Merton, RK, Social Theory and Social Structure, 1957	—	—	—
Miles, DR et al., J Pers Soc Psychol, 1997, Genetic and environmental architecture of human aggression	9008382	10.1037//0022-3514.72.1.207	Cited
Milgram, S, J Abnorm Soc Psychol, 1963, Behavioral study of obedience	14049516	10.1037/h0040525	Cited
Moffitt, T, J Child Psychol Psychiatry, 2002, Teen-aged mothers in contemporary Britain & the E-risk Study Team (39 authors)	12236608	10.1111/1469-7610.00082	Cited
Moffitt, TE et al., Sex Differences in Antisocial Behaviour: Conduct Disorder, Delinquency and Violence in the Dunedin Longitudinal Study, 2001	—	—	—
Moilanen, I et al., Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry, 1999, Are twins' behavioural 7emotional problems different from singletons'?	10654135	10.1007/pl00010702	Cited
Narusyte, J et al., Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry, 2006, Aggression as a mediator of genetic contributions to the association between negative parent–child relationships and adolescent antisocial behavior	17136502	10.1007/s00787-006-0582-z	Cited
Neale, MC et al., Methodology for Genetic Studies of Twins and Families, 1992	—	—	—
Neiderhiser, JM et al., Dev Psychol, 2004, Genetic and environmental influences on mothering of adolescents: A comparison of two samples	15122961	10.1037/0012-1649.40.3.335	Cited
Nilsson, KW et al., Mol Psychiatry, 2006, Role of monoamine oxidase A genotype and psychosocial factors in male adolescent criminal activity	16125147	10.1016/j.biopsych.2005.06.024	Cited
Niv, S et al., The Origins of Antisocial Behavior: A Developmental Perspective, 2010, Genetic marker for antisocial behavior	—	—	—
O'Connor, M et al., J Abnorm Child Psychol, 1980, A twin study of specific behavioral problems of socialization as viewed by parents	7190581	10.1007/BF00919063	Cited
O'Connor, TG et al., Dev Psychol, 1998, Genotype-environment correlations in late childhood and early adolescence: Antisocial behavioral problems and coercive parenting	9779743	10.1037//0012-1649.34.5.970	Cited
Oades, RD et al., Behav Brain Funct, 2008, The influence of serotonin and other genes and impulsive behavioral aggression and cognitive impulsivity in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD): Finding from a family-based association test (FBAT) analysis	18937842	10.1186/1744-9081-4-48	Cited
Olweus, D, Cross-National Research in Self-Reported Crime and Delinquency, 1989, Prevalence and incidence in the study of antisocial behavior: Definitions and measurements	—	—	—
Owen, DR et al., Behav Genet, 1970, Heritability of personality in children	5535858	10.1007/BF01074655	Cited
Parker, T, Television Viewing and Aggression in Four and Seven Year Old Children, 1989	—	—	—
Pfohl, B et al., Structured Interview for DSM-IV Personality: SIDP-IV, 1997	—	—	—
Plomin, R et al., Behavioral Genetics, 2001	—	—	—
Polderman, TJ et al., Twin Res Hum Genet, 2006, Genetic analyses of teacher ratings of problem behavior in 5-year-old twins	16611477	10.1375/183242706776402975	Cited
Posthuma, D et al., Twin Res Hum Genet, 2003, Theory and practice in quantitative genetics	14624720	10.1375/136905203770326367	Cited
Pulikkined, L et al., Twin Res Hum Genet, 1999, Peers, teachers, and parents as assessors of the behavioural and emotional problems of twins and their adjustment: The Multidimensional Peer Nomination Inventory	10723806	10.1375/136905299320565762	Cited
Rahe, RH et al., Psychosom Med, 1978, Heritability of type A behavior	569878	10.1097/00006842-197810000-00003	Cited
Raine, A et al., Aggress Behav, 2006, The reactive-proactive aggression questionnaire: Differential correlates of reactive and proactive aggression in adolescent boys	20798781	10.1002/ab.20115	Cited
Raine, A et al., Am J Psychiatry, 1997, Interaction between birth complications and early maternal rejection in predisposing individuals to adult violence: Specificity to serious, early-onset violence	9286187	10.1176/ajp.154.9.1265	Cited
Raine, A, J Abnorm Child Psychol, 2002, Biosocial studies of antisocial and violent behavior in children and adults: A review	12108763	10.1023/a:1015754122318	Cited
Reif, A et al., Neuropsychopahrmacology, 2007, Nature and nurture predispose to violent behavior: Serotonergic genes and adverse childhood environment	17342170	10.1038/sj.npp.1301359	Cited
Retz, W et al., J Neural Transm, 2003, Dopamine D3 receptor gene polymorphism and violent behavior: Relation to impulsiveness and ADHD-related psychopathology	12721816	10.1007/s00702-002-0805-5	Cited
Retz, W et al., Psychiatry Res, 2008, A functional serotonin transporter promoter gene polymorphism increases ADHD symptoms in delinquents: Interaction with adverse childhood environment	18155777	10.1016/j.psychres.2007.05.004	Cited
Rhee, SH et al., Psychol Bull, 2002, Genetic and environmental influences on antisocial behavior: A meta-analysis of twin and adoption studies	12002699	—	Cited
Rowe, DC et al., Psychol Sci, 1999, School context and genetic influences on aggression in adolescence	—	—	—
Rowe, DC, Behavioral Genetics in the Postgenomic Era, 2003, Assessing genotype-environment interactions and correlations in the postgenomic era	—	—	—
Rushton, JP et al., J Pers Soc Psychol, 1986, Altruism and aggression: The heritability of individual differences	3723334	10.1037//0022-3514.50.6.1192	Cited
Rutter, M et al., Antisocial Behavior by Young People, 1998	—	—	—
Rutter, M et al., J Child Psychol Psychiatry, 1991, Annotation: Growing up as a twin: Twin-singleton differences in psychological development	1744192	10.1111/j.1469-7610.1991.tb01916.x	Cited
Rutter, M et al., J Child Psychol Psychiatry, 2003, Using sex differences in psychopathology to study causal mechanisms: Unifying issues and research strategies	14626453	10.1111/1469-7610.00194	Cited
Rutter, M, Nature-nurture interplay explained, 2006, Genes and behavior	—	—	—
Scarr, S et al., Child Dev, 1983, How people make their own environments: A theory of genotype-environment effects	6683622	10.1111/j.1467-8624.1983.tb03884.x	Cited
Scarr, S, Child Dev, 1966, Genetic factors in activity motivation	6008135	—	Cited
Schmitz, S et al., J Child Psychol Psychiatry, 1995, Problem behavior in early and middle childhood: An initial behavior genetic analysis	8988277	10.1111/j.1469-7610.1995.tb01674.x	Cited
Schwartz, D et al., J Abnorm Child Psychol, 1998, Social-cognitive and behavioral correlates of aggression and victimization in boys' play groups	9915650	10.1023/a:1022695601088	Cited
Shaffer, D et al., Diagnostic Interview Schedule for Children-DISC-IV Scoring Manual, 2000	—	—	—
Silva, PA et al., From child to adult: The Dunedin Multidisciplinary Health and Development Study, 1996	—	—	—
Simonoff, E et al., Arch Gen Psychiatry, 1997, The Virginia twin study of adolescent behavioral development	9294370	10.1001/archpsyc.1997.01830210039004	Cited
Simonoff, E et al., J Abnorm Child Psychol, 1998, Genetic and environmental influences on subtypes of conduct disorder behavior in boys	9915655	—	Cited
Sines, JO et al., The Development of an Objective, Non-verbal Personality Test for Children, 1966	—	—	—
Sjöberg, RL et al., Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet, 2007, Adolescent girls and criminal activity: Role of MAOA-LPR genotype and psychosocial factors	17034017	10.1002/ajmg.b.30360	Cited
Tackett, JL et al., J Abnorm Psychol, 2009, Etiology and measurement of relational aggression: A multi-informant behavior genetic investigation	19899842	10.1037/a0016949	Cited
Taylor, A, Twin Res, 2004, The consequences of selective participation on behavioral-genetic findings: evidence from simulated and real data	15527665	10.1375/1369052042335241	Cited
Taylor, J et al., J Child Psychol Psychiatry, 2000, Sex differences, assortative mating, and cultural transmission effects on adolescent delinquency: A twin family study	10836673	—	Cited
Tellegen, A, Manual for the Multidimensional Personality Questionnaire, 2011	—	—	—
Tuvblad, C et al., Aggress Behav, 2009, Genetic and environmental stability differs in reactive and proactive aggression	19688841	10.1002/ab.20319	Cited
Tuvblad, C et al., Behav Genet, 2011, The genetic and environmental etiology of antisocial behavior, from early adolescence to emerging adulthood	21431322	10.1007/s10519-011-9463-4	Cited
Tuvblad, C et al., J Child Psychol Psychiatry, 2006, Heritability for adolescent antisocial behavior differs with socioeconomic status: Gene-environment interaction	16790008	10.1111/j.1469-7610.2005.01552.x	Cited
van Beijsterveldt, CEM et al., Behav Genet, 2003, Causes of stability of aggression from early childhood to adolescence: A longitudinal genetic analysis in Dutch twins	14574135	10.1023/a:1025735002864	Cited
van den Oord, EJ et al., J Abnorm Psychol, 1996, A genetic study of maternal and paternal ratings of problem behaviors in 3-year-old twins	8772005	10.1037//0021-843x.105.3.349	Cited
van den Oord, EJCG et al., Behav Genet, 1994, A study of problem behaviors in 10- to 15-year-old biologically related and unrelated international adoptees	7945150	10.1007/BF01067187	Cited
van den Oord, EJCG et al., J Child Psychol Psychiatry, 1995, A twin-singleton comparison of problem behaviour in 2–3-year-olds	7782408	10.1111/j.1469-7610.1995.tb01302.x	Cited
van der Valk, FC et al., Twin Res Hum Genet, 1998, Quantitative genetic analysis of internalizing and externalizing problems in a large sample of 3-year-old twins	10051354	10.1375/136905298320566456	Cited
Vierikko, E et al., Twin Res Hum Genet, 2004, Genetic and environmental influences on the relationship between aggression and hyperactivity-impulsivity as rated by teachers and parents	15193171	10.1375/136905204774200541	Cited
von der Pahlen, B et al., Biol Psychol, 2008, Do the same genetic and environmental effects underlie the covariation of alcohol dependence, smoking, and aggressive behaviour?	18456382	10.1016/j.biopsycho.2008.03.013	Cited
Waldman, ID et al., Am J Hum Genet, 1998, Association and linkage of the dopamine transporter gene and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder in children: Heterogeneity owing to diagnostic subtype and severity	9837830	10.1086/302132	Cited
White, HR et al., Psychol Addict Behav, 2001, Psychopa-thology as a predictor of adolescent drug use trajectories	11563798	—	Cited
Widom, CS et al., Biol Psychiatry, 2006, MAOA and the “cycle of violence”: Childhood abuse and neglect, MAOA genotype, and risk for violent and antisocial behavior	16814261	10.1016/j.biopsych.2006.03.039	Cited
Xian, H et al., Behav Genet, 2000, Self-Reported zygosity and the equal-environments assumption for psychiatric disorders in the Vietnam Era Twin Registry	11206085	10.1023/a:1026549417364	Cited
Young, SE et al., Am J Med Genet, 2000, Genetic and environmental influences on behavioral disinhibition	11054778	—	Cited

In this knowledge base

Title	Year	PMID
Genetic association study of childhood aggression across raters, instruments, and age.	2021	34330890

External

Title	Authors	Journal	Year	Link
A genetically informed longitudinal study of early-life temperament and childhood aggression.	Penichet EN et al.	—	2025	→
A systematic review of the etiology and neurobiology of intermittent explosive disorder.	Paliakkara J et al.	—	2025	→
Beyond the Extra X and Y Chromosome: The Contribution of Familial Risk for Psychopathology to the Neurodevelopmental Phenotype of Children With Sex Chromosome Trisomy.	van Rijn S et al.	—	2025	→
Changes in Rates of Suicide by Mass Shooters, 1980-2019.	Girgis RR et al.	—	2025	→
Deciphering the mediating role of childhood maltreatment in the association between genetic risk and developmental trajectories of school-age reactive and proactive aggression.	Ouellet-Morin I et al.	—	2025	→
Exploring Mitochondrial DNA Copy Number in Italian Children with ADHD: Implications for Neurobiological Mechanisms.	Citrigno L et al.	—	2025	→
Genetic risk for trait aggression and alcohol use predict unique facets of alcohol-related aggression.	Spychala KM et al.	—	2025	→
Is Aggression Normal in Humans?	Pop-Jordanova N	—	2025	→
Positive Selection in Aggression-Linked Genes and Their Protein Interaction Networks.	Awadi A et al.	—	2025	→
Self-regulation of socioemotional behavior in twin adolescents: Structural validation of a multidimensional inventory.	Pulkkinen L et al.	—	2025	→
Effects of polygenes, parent-child relationship and frustration on junior high school students' aggressive behaviors.	Zhang M et al.	—	2024	→
Exploring the relationship between depression and delinquency: a sibling comparison design using the NLSY.	Sims EE et al.	—	2024	→
Genetics of child aggression, a systematic review.	Koyama E et al.	—	2024	→
Independent Contributions of Callous-Unemotional Behaviors and Quantitative Autistic Traits to Aggression in Early Childhood.	Lineback K et al.	—	2024	→
Longitudinal reciprocal relationship between media violence exposure and aggression among junior high school students in China: a cross-lagged analysis.	Dou Y et al.	—	2024	→
Elucidating the role of negative parenting in the genetic <i>v.</i> environmental influences on adult psychopathic traits.	Dotterer HL et al.	—	2023	→
Genetics and epigenetics of human aggression.	Odintsova VV et al.	—	2023	→
Neurobiology of Aggression-Review of Recent Findings and Relationship with Alcohol and Trauma.	Fritz M et al.	—	2023	→
On power and its corrupting effects: the effects of power on human behavior and the limits of accountability systems.	Tobore TO	—	2023	→
Understanding the Role of Oxidative Stress, Neuroinflammation and Abnormal Myelination in Excessive Aggression Associated with Depression: Recent Input from Mechanistic Studies.	Gorlova A et al.	—	2023	→
Epigenetics of Aggression.	Duclot F et al.	—	2022	→
Gene-environment interactions between CREB1 and childhood maltreatment on aggression among male Chinese adolescents.	Zhang Y et al.	—	2022	→
Intergenerational Transmission of Peer Aggression.	Wiertsema M et al.	—	2022	→
Continuity of Genetic Risk for Aggressive Behavior Across the Life-Course.	van der Laan CM et al.	—	2021	→
Gene expression profiles underlying aggressive behavior in the prefrontal cortex of cattle.	Eusebi PG et al.	—	2021	→
Genetic association study of childhood aggression across raters, instruments, and age.	Ip HF et al.	—	2021	→
The neurobiology of human aggressive behavior: Neuroimaging, genetic, and neurochemical aspects.	Cupaioli FA et al.	—	2021	→
Treatment of Aggression in Adults with Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Review.	Im DS	—	2021	→
Are Owls and Larks Different When it Comes to Aggression? Genetics, Neurobiology, and Behavior.	Deibel SH et al.	—	2020	→
Catechol-<i>O</i>-Methyltransferase Gene Val158Met Polymorphism Moderates the Effect of Social Exclusion and Inclusion on Aggression in Men: Findings From a Mixed Experimental Design.	Wang M et al.	—	2020	→
Content, diagnostic, correlational, and genetic similarities between common measures of childhood aggressive behaviors and related psychiatric traits.	Hendriks AM et al.	—	2020	→
Contribution of genes and environment to the longitudinal association between childhood impulsive-aggression and suicidality in adolescence.	Orri M et al.	—	2020	→
Ecotype differences in aggression, neural activity and behaviorally relevant gene expression in cichlid fish.	Baran NM et al.	—	2020	→
Gene expression profiles underlying aggressive behavior in the prefrontal cortex of cattle	Eusebi PG et al.	—	2020	—
Nitric oxide synthase genotype interacts with stressful life events to increase aggression in male subjects in a population-representative sample.	O'Leary A et al.	—	2020	→
Predicting risk of suicidal ideation in youth using a multigene panel for impulsive aggression.	Koyama E et al.	—	2020	→
The biology of aggressive behavior in bipolar disorder: A systematic review.	Fico G et al.	—	2020	→
Twin study of laboratory-induced aggression.	Dinić BM et al.	—	2020	→
An integrated analysis of genes and functional pathways for aggression in human and rodent models.	Zhang-James Y et al.	—	2019	→
Genomics of human aggression: current state of genome-wide studies and an automated systematic review tool.	Odintsova VV et al.	—	2019	→
Oxytocin Receptor Gene (OXTR) and Deviant Peer Affiliation: A Gene-Environment Interaction in Adolescent Antisocial Behavior.	Fragkaki I et al.	—	2019	→
Serotonin and aggressive behaviour in children and adolescents: a systematic review.	Runions KC et al.	—	2019	→
The influence of the OPRM1 (A118G) polymorphism on behavioral and neural correlates of aggression in healthy males.	Weidler C et al.	—	2019	→
Understanding Chronic Aggression and Its Treatment in Children and Adolescents.	Magalotti SR et al.	—	2019	→
A Multimethodological Study of Preschoolers' Preferences for Aggressive Television and Video Games.	Jamnik MR et al.	—	2018	→
DRD4 methylation as a potential biomarker for physical aggression: An epigenome-wide, cross-tissue investigation.	Cecil CAM et al.	—	2018	→
Gender differences in aggression.	Björkqvist K	—	2018	→
Genetic and Psychosocial Predictors of Aggression: Variable Selection and Model Building With Component-Wise Gradient Boosting.	Suchting R et al.	—	2018	→
Genetic variants in oxytocin receptor gene (OXTR) and childhood physical abuse collaborate to modify the risk of aggression in chinese adolescents.	Zhang Y et al.	—	2018	→
Heritability of aggression following social evaluation in middle childhood: An fMRI study.	Achterberg M et al.	—	2018	→
Like Father, like Child: Early Life Family Adversity and Children's Bullying Behaviors in Elementary School.	de Vries EE et al.	—	2018	→
Pleiotropic Contribution of <i>MECOM</i> and <i>AVPR1A</i> to Aggression and Subcortical Brain Volumes.	van Donkelaar MMJ et al.	—	2018	→
Two types of aggression in human evolution.	Wrangham RW	—	2018	→
Psychopathic personality traits in 5 year old twins: the importance of genetic and shared environmental influences.	Tuvblad C et al.	—	2017	→
Siblings and Adolescent Weapon Carrying: Contributions of Genetics, Shared Environment, and Nonshared Environment.	Wallace LN	—	2017	→
Stressful life events increase aggression and alcohol use in young carriers of the GABRA2 rs279826/rs279858 A-allele.	Kiive E et al.	—	2017	→
Aggression in non-human vertebrates: Genetic mechanisms and molecular pathways.	Freudenberg F et al.	—	2016	→
Aggressive behavior in humans: Genes and pathways identified through association studies.	Fernàndez-Castillo N et al.	—	2016	→
Cross-Cultural Validation of the Reactive-Proactive Aggression Questionnaire (RPQ) Using Four Large Samples from the US, Hong Kong, and China.	Tuvblad C et al.	—	2016	→
Environmental Determinants of Aggression in Adolescents: Role of Urban Neighborhood Greenspace.	Younan D et al.	—	2016	→
FKBP5 interacts with maltreatment in children with extreme, pervasive, and persistent aggression.	Bryushkova L et al.	—	2016	→
Genetics of aggressive behavior: An overview.	Veroude K et al.	—	2016	→
Genome-wide analyses of aggressiveness in attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder.	Brevik EJ et al.	—	2016	→
Psychopathic personality development from ages 9 to 18: Genes and environment.	Tuvblad C et al.	—	2016	→
The Development of Comorbid Conduct Problems in Children With ADHD: An Example of an Integrative Developmental Psychopathology Perspective.	Danforth JS et al.	—	2016	→
The neurobiological basis of human aggression: A review on genetic and epigenetic mechanisms.	Waltes R et al.	—	2016	→
Association of three short tandem repeat (STR) loci with male impulsivity in a Chinese population.	Yang C et al.	—	2015	→
A Swedish national twin study of criminal behavior and its violent, white-collar and property subtypes.	Kendler KS et al.	—	2015	→
Reciprocal Longitudinal Associations Between Adolescent Twin Gambling and Delinquency.	Vitaro F et al.	—	2015	→
Validation of the Impulsive/Premeditated Aggression Scale in Mexican psychiatric patients.	Romans L et al.	—	2015	→
A longitudinal twin study of physical aggression during early childhood: evidence for a developmentally dynamic genome.	Lacourse E et al.	—	2014	→
Are infants differentially sensitive to parenting? Early maternal care, DRD4 genotype and externalizing behavior during adolescence.	Nikitopoulos J et al.	—	2014	→
Interaction between prenatal stress and dopamine D4 receptor genotype in predicting aggression and cortisol levels in young adults.	Buchmann AF et al.	—	2014	→
The heritability of psychopathic personality in 14- to 15-year-old twins: a multirater, multimeasure approach.	Tuvblad C et al.	—	2014	→
Genetic and environmental influences on antisocial behavior.	Tuvblad C et al.	—	2013	→
Psychopathic Personality and Negative Parent-to-Child Affect: A Longitudinal Cross-lag Twin Study.	Tuvblad C et al.	—	2013	→