A population-based twin study of the genetic and environmental relationship of major depression, regular tobacco use and nicotine dependence.
paper
Cited
Public
- Authors
- Edwards, A C; Maes, H H; Pedersen, N L; Kendler, K S
- Year
- 2011
- Journal
- Psychological medicine
- PMID
- 20406522
- DOI
- 10.1017/S0033291710000589
- PMCID
- PMC3016459
BACKGROUND: Numerous epidemiological studies have reported a positive association between major depression (MD) and regular tobacco use (RU) or nicotine dependence (ND). However, few have used a genetically informative design to assess whether these traits share a common genetic and/or environmental liability. METHOD: We assessed MD, RU and ND in same-sex twins from the population-based Swedish Twin Registry. In males, we examined both cigarette use and snus (smokeless tobacco) use. We used structural equation modeling to examine the relationship between MD, RU, and ND given RU. RESULTS: The results suggest modest correlations between MD and RU, and between MD and ND. In males, the liability shared between MD and RU is solely genetic for both cigarettes and snus, while MD and ND share both genetic and unique environmental influences. The continuation to ND given RU differed considerably between cigarette and snus users. In females, both MD-RU and MD-ND relationships are partially attributable to genetic and unique environmental correlations. CONCLUSIONS: The relationship among MD, RU and ND is at least partially attributable to shared genetic and environmental risk factors. The genetic and environmental correlations between traits are modest. The nature of the shared liability differs by sex, and in males, by the type of tobacco product used. Differences between previous reports and results presented in the current study are suggestive of population differences in how MD and tobacco use inter-relate.
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| Name | Type |
|---|---|
| adolescents | cohort |
| Adult environment local | phenotype |
| anti-depressants | drug |
| childhood environment local | phenotype |
| Childhood environment local | phenotype |
| cigarette-based nicotine dependence local | phenotype |
| cigarettes | phenotype |
| cigarette use in males local | phenotype |
| current study | cohort |
| dependence scores local | phenotype |
| depression | phenotype |
| depressive symptoms | phenotype |
| Dizygotic_Twins local | cohort |
| Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence | phenotype |
| Finnish population | cohort |
| heritability | phenotype |
| Kendler et al. 1999 local | cohort |
| Lyons et al. 2008 local | cohort |
| Maes et al. 2004 local | cohort |
| Major_Depression local | phenotype |
| major depressive disorder | phenotype |
| male sample local | cohort |
| MD | phenotype |
| men | cohort |
| Monozygotic_Twins local | cohort |
| NDC local | phenotype |
| NDS local | phenotype |
| neuroticism | phenotype |
| nicotine | drug |
| nicotine dependence | phenotype |
| Nicotine_Dependence local | phenotype |
| older cohort | cohort |
| Pair concordance local | phenotype |
| participants | cohort |
| psychopathology | phenotype |
| regular smoking | phenotype |
| regular snus use local | phenotype |
| Regular snus use local | phenotype |
| Regular snus user local | phenotype |
| Regular_Tobacco_Use local | phenotype |
| regular use of tobacco local | phenotype |
| RUC local | phenotype |
| RUS local | phenotype |
| SALT sample local | cohort |
| sex | phenotype |
| Smokeless tobacco use local | drug |
| smoking | phenotype |
| smoking behavior | phenotype |
| smoking initiation | phenotype |
| snus | drug |
| snus-based nicotine dependence local | phenotype |
| Snus use local | drug |
| Snus Use local | phenotype |
| socio-economic status | phenotype |
| stressful life events | phenotype |
| study cohort | cohort |
| Swedish females local | cohort |
| Swedish individuals | cohort |
| Swedish males local | cohort |
| Swedish Screening Across the Lifespan Twin (SALT) study local | cohort |
| Swedish Twin Registry | cohort |
| Swedish twins local | cohort |
| tobacco use | phenotype |
| Tobacco Use Initiation local | phenotype |
| Twin cohort | cohort |
| Twin concordance local | phenotype |
| Virginia Twin Registry | cohort |
| Virginia twin study local | cohort |
| White-matter Lesions local | phenotype |
| women | cohort |
| younger cohort | cohort |
| zygosity | phenotype |
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