Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor and retinoic x receptor in alcoholic liver disease.

paper Cited Public

Authors: Mello, Tommaso; Polvani, Simone; Galli, Andrea
Year: 2009
Journal: PPAR research
PMID: 19756185
DOI: 10.1155/2009/748174
PMCID: PMC2743826

#	Section	Preview
0	1. Introduction	Alcoholic liver disease, which includes a spectrum of liver injury that covers from the relatively…
1	1. Introduction	Fatty liver is the most frequent hepatic abnormality found in alcoholics as a toxic manifestation of…
2	1. Introduction	In the liver, ethanol is metabolized to acetaldehyde by two systems: the cytosolic, largely…
3	1. Introduction	Ethanol complete degradation produces a large amount of reducing agents in the form of NADH (from…
4	1. Introduction	Inflammation is important in the progress of alcoholic liver disease with Kupffer cell being the…
5	1. Introduction	Liver depleted of Kupffer cells shows a decrease in tissue damage induced by ethanol feeding [21].…
6	1. Introduction	Other important factors for the development of alcoholic liver disease whose role became more clear…
7	1. Introduction	Chronic exposure to ethanol inhibits the activity and/or downregulates the expression of several…
8	1. Introduction	Alcohol significantly reduces SIRT1 and SIRT5 expression [30, 31, 33–35]: cytoplasmic SIRT1 and…
9	1. Introduction	associated with mitochondrial dysfunction [30, 31]. Sirtuins may also regulate lipid metabolism:…
10	1. Introduction	PPARα forms heterodimers with RXR to regulate and bind to PPAR response elements (PPREs) of genes…
11	1. Introduction	A growing number of new studies demonstrate that PPAR and RXR nuclear receptors are involved in many…
12	1. Introduction	In this paper we will summarize the progress in the understanding of ethanol metabolism regulation…
13	2. Role of PPAR in Alcoholic Liver Disease	In the past decade the role of PPAR receptors in the development of ALD has been intensively…
14	2. Role of PPAR in Alcoholic Liver Disease — 2.1. PPARα in Alcoholic Liver Disease	PPARα is a master regulator of lipid metabolism in the liver, controlling the expression of genes…
15	2. Role of PPAR in Alcoholic Liver Disease — 2.1. PPARα in Alcoholic Liver Disease	Since fatty liver represents a very common finding in ALD, the effect of ethanol metabolism on…
16	2. Role of PPAR in Alcoholic Liver Disease — 2.1. PPARα in Alcoholic Liver Disease	In cultured hepatoma cells ethanol affects PPARα transcriptional activity by inhibiting the ability…
17	2. Role of PPAR in Alcoholic Liver Disease — 2.1. PPARα in Alcoholic Liver Disease	In vivo experiments on ethanol-fed rodents reported animal-specific differences on the effects of…
18	2. Role of PPAR in Alcoholic Liver Disease — 2.1. PPARα in Alcoholic Liver Disease	The restored PPARα/RXR binding by WY14,643 administration to ethanol-fed mice was accompanied by an…
19	2. Role of PPAR in Alcoholic Liver Disease — 2.1. PPARα in Alcoholic Liver Disease	Taken together these data suggests that if on one hand ethanol may not completely impair the basal…

Name	Type
4-methylpirazole local	drug
9-cis retinoic acid local	drug
9-cis-retinoic acid local	drug
ABL1 local	gene
ACADM local	gene
acetaldehyde	drug
acetic acid	drug
acetyl-CoA	drug
ACOX1 local	gene
Activation of stellate cells local	phenotype
acyl-CoA oxidase local	gene
Acyl-CoA oxidase local	gene
Acyl-CoA synthetase local	gene
ADH	gene
ADH1A	gene
ADH2	gene
ADH3 local	gene
adipogenesis	phenotype
adiponectin	drug
adipose tissue	phenotype
alcohol	phenotype
Alcohol-fed animals local	cohort
alcoholic liver disease	phenotype
Alcoholic liver steatosis local	phenotype
alcohol-induced steatohepatitis local	phenotype
alcoholism	phenotype
alcohol metabolism	phenotype
Alcohol toxicity	phenotype
ALDH1 local	gene
ALDH2	gene
Altered inflammatory response in epidermis local	phenotype
alternative activation	phenotype
AMPK	gene
angiogenesis	phenotype
Animal model of sepsis local	cohort
APOA1 local	gene
APOC3	gene
apoptosis	phenotype
Bcl2	gene
Bcl-XL local	gene
breast cancer	phenotype
C57BL/6J	cohort
CAR	gene
Cardiac Muscle local	cohort
carnitine palmitoyl transferase-1 local	gene
Carnitine palmitoyl transferase-1 local	gene
Cd14	gene
central nervous system	anatomy
Cholesterol efflux	phenotype
clofibrate local	drug
collagen deposition local	phenotype
corpus callosum	anatomy
CRBP1 local	gene
C-reactive protein	phenotype
cyanamide	drug
CYP2A6	gene
CYP2B local	gene
CYP2E1	gene
CYP3A local	gene
Cyp4a	gene
CYP4A1 local	gene
Cytochrome P450 enzymes	gene
cytosolic enzyme local	drug
Defective myelination of corpus callosum local	phenotype
EHHADH local	gene
ERK1/2 local	drug
ERK1/2	gene
ethanol consumption	phenotype
Ethanol-fed mice	cohort
ethanol-fed rats local	cohort
Ethanol-fed rats local	cohort
Ethanol-fed rodents local	cohort
ethanol-induced damage local	phenotype
ethanol induced liver damage local	phenotype
FABP1	gene
fatty acids	drug
Fatty acid β-oxidation local	phenotype
fatty liver	phenotype
female mice	cohort
fibrinogen-α local	drug
fibrinogen-β local	drug
food intake	phenotype
Gastrointestinal Tract local	cohort
glucose	drug
Glucose-Lipid Homeostasis local	phenotype
glucose metabolism	phenotype
glutathione	drug
GSH	drug
GSTA2 local	gene
GST alpha family local	gene
GST chi family local	gene
GST kappa family local	gene
GST microsomal family local	gene
GST mu class local	gene
GST mu family local	gene
GST pi class local	gene
GST pi family local	gene
GSTs local	gene
GST sigma family local	gene
GST theta family local	gene
GST zeta family local	gene
H4IIE hepatocytes local	cohort
HDL cholesterol	phenotype
Heavy ethanol consumption local	phenotype
hepatic injury local	phenotype
hepatic steatosis	phenotype
Hepatic triacylglycerol accumulation local	phenotype
hepatocyte RXRα-deficient mice local	cohort
Hepatocyte RXRα-deficient mice local	cohort
higher serum cholesterol local	phenotype
higher serum leptin levels local	phenotype
high-fat diet	drug
humans	cohort
hydrogen peroxide	drug
hypoglycemia	phenotype
IGF-1	drug
IL-1	drug
IL-1 local	gene
IL-6	drug
IL6	gene
improved glucose tolerance local	phenotype
Increased cancer risk local	phenotype
Increased intestinal permeability local	phenotype
inflammation	phenotype
Inflammatory Activity of Macrophages local	phenotype
inflammatory profile local	phenotype
insulin	drug
insulin sensitivity	phenotype
Insulin signalling local	phenotype
Intestinal permeability local	phenotype
Iron	drug
Kupffer cells local	drug
L165,041 local	drug
larger fat mass local	phenotype
leptin	drug
L-fatty acid binding protein local	gene
lipid metabolism	phenotype
lipid peroxidation	phenotype
lipid peroxide local	drug
lipopolysaccharide	drug
Lipotoxicity local	phenotype
liver	anatomy
Liver cirrhosis	phenotype
liver disease	phenotype
liver injury	phenotype
liver regeneration local	phenotype
Liver regeneration local	phenotype
LPS	drug
LRAT local	gene
LTB4	drug
LXRA local	gene
Macrophages local	cohort
male mice	cohort
malonyl Co-A local	drug
MAPK	gene
MAPK8	gene
MCP-1	drug
Me1	gene
medium chain acyl CoA dehydrogenase local	gene
mice	cohort
microsomal enzyme local	drug
mitochondrial dysfunction	phenotype
mouse model of obesity-induced insulin resistance local	cohort
mutant mice	cohort
NAD+	drug
NADH	drug
NADPH	drug
NADPH oxidase	drug
NADPH oxidase local	gene
necroinflammatory injury local	phenotype
Neurological impairment in fetus local	phenotype
NFKB1	gene
NF-κB	gene
nitric oxide	drug
nonalcoholic liver injury local	phenotype
NOS2	gene
NR1I2 local	gene
null mice local	cohort
obesity	phenotype
obesity-induced insulin resistance local	phenotype
oxidative stress	phenotype
p38 local	drug
PDGF	drug
pioglitazone	drug
PPAR	gene
PPARA	gene
PPARA activation local	phenotype
PPARA null mice local	cohort
PPARD	gene
PPARG	gene
PPARGC1A	gene
PPAR KO mouse model local	cohort
PPARα	gene
PPARα−/− mice	cohort
PPARβ/δ	gene
PPARβ/δ agonist local	drug
PPARγ	gene
PPARγ +/- mice local	cohort
PRKCD	gene
pro-fibrogenic response local	phenotype
pro-inflammatory cytokines	phenotype
RARA	gene
RARB local	gene
RARG local	gene
rats	cohort
Reduced adipose tissue local	phenotype
Reduced GSH levels local	phenotype
Resveratrol local	drug
retinoic acid	drug
rodents	cohort
ROS	drug
rosiglitazone	drug
RXR	gene
RXRA null mice local	cohort
RXR deficient mice local	cohort
RXR KO mice local	cohort
RXR KO mouse model local	cohort
RXR null mice local	cohort
RXRα local	gene
RXRα deficient mice local	cohort
RXRα null local	phenotype
RXRα null/RXRγ null local	phenotype
RXRβ local	gene
RXRβ null local	phenotype
RXRβ null/RXRγ null local	phenotype
RXRγ local	gene
RXRγ null local	phenotype
S-adenosylmethionine	drug
SAH	drug
SAM	drug
SAMe local	drug
serum amyloid A local	drug
Serum cholesterol level local	phenotype
Serum fatty acid local	phenotype
serum triglyceride levels local	phenotype
SIRT1	gene
SIRT5 local	gene
Skeletal muscle	cohort
SLC10A1 local	gene
SREBF1	gene
STAT3	gene
Sv/129 mice local	cohort
thiazolidinediones	drug
tissue damage	phenotype
Tlr4	gene
TNF	gene
TNF-α	drug
total cholesterol	phenotype
triglyceride levels	phenotype
troglitazone local	drug
Trp53	gene
type 2 diabetes	phenotype
unchanged insulin level local	phenotype
unchanged insulin sensitivity local	phenotype
Very-long chain acyl CoA dehydrogenase local	gene
Vitamin A	drug
Vitamin A depletion local	phenotype
vitamin B12	drug
Vitamin E local	drug
VLDL local	drug
Wild-type animals local	cohort
wild-type mice	cohort
Wy-14,643	drug
XPO1 local	gene

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In this knowledge base

Title	Year	PMID
Multi-omics integration analysis identifies novel genes for alcoholism with potential overlap with neurodegenerative diseases.	2021	34417470

External

Title	Authors	Journal	Year	Link
The emerging role of FGF21 in alcohol consumption and dependence: mechanisms and therapeutic prospects.	Kaur S et al.	—	2026	→
Acetylation of proximal cysteine-lysine pairs by alcohol metabolism.	McGinnis CD et al.	—	2025	→
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Single-nucleus multiomic analysis of Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome liver reveals PPARA signaling enrichment and metabolic dysfunction.	Nirgude S et al.	—	2025	→
Single-nucleus multiomic analysis of Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome liver reveals PPARA signaling enrichment and metabolic dysfunction	Nirgude S et al.	—	2024	—
Class III Alcohol Dehydrogenase Plays a Key Role in the Onset of Alcohol-Related/-Associated Liver Disease as an S-Nitrosoglutathione Reductase in Mice.	Haseba T et al.	—	2023	→
Dysfunction of liver-gut axis in marine medaka exposed to hypoxia and perfluorobutanesulfonate.	Li J et al.	—	2023	→
Total saponins from Panax japonicus attenuate acute alcoholic liver oxidative stress and hepatosteatosis by p62-related Nrf2 pathway and AMPK-ACC/PPARα axis in vivo and in vitro.	Qiu L et al.	—	2023	→
Oxidative Stress Causes Masculinization of Genetically Female Medaka Without Elevating Cortisol.	Mukai K et al.	—	2022	→
Phosphoproteomics identifies pathways underlying the role of receptor-interaction protein kinase 3 in alcohol-associated liver disease and uncovers apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1 as a target.	Singh V et al.	—	2022	→
The Integrated "Multiomics" Landscape at Peak Injury and Resolution From Alcohol-Associated Liver Disease.	Das S et al.	—	2022	→
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Potential Role of ANGPTL4 in the Cross Talk between Metabolism and Cancer through PPAR Signaling Pathway.	La Paglia L et al.	—	2017	→
Peroxisome proliferator activated receptors at the crossroad of obesity, diabetes, and pancreatic cancer.	Polvani S et al.	—	2016	→
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