Preliminary Findings of Weaker Executive Control Network Resting State fMRI Functional Connectivity in Opioid Use Disorder compared to Healthy Controls.
- Authors
- Woisard, Kyle; Steinberg, Joel L; Ma, Liangsuo; Zuniga, Edward; Ramey, Tatiana; Lennon, Michael; Keyser-Marcus, Lori; Moeller, F Gerard
- Year
- 2021
- Journal
- Journal of addiction research & therapy
- PMID
- 36643376
- PMCID
- PMC9836043
OBJECTIVE: Resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) functional connectivity has been used as a tool to study brain mechanisms associated with addictions. Recent research in substance use disorders has focused on three brain networks termed the default mode network (DMN), salience network (SN), and executive control network (ECN). The purpose of this study was to examine the functional connectivity of those three networks in opioid use disorder (OUD) subjects compared to healthy control subjects (HC). METHODS: The present study investigated functional connectivity differences between OUD subjects compared to HC using independent component analysis. This study also examined the relationship between functional connectivity and negative urgency scores, as well as compared the functional connectivity of severe OUD to mild or moderate OUD. RESULTS: In OUD subjects (n=25) compared to HC (n=25), a cluster in the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex within the left ECN had significantly weaker functional connectivity. No significant differences were found between groups for the functional connectivity of the DMN, SN, or right ECN. No significant associations were found between functional connectivity and negative urgency, and no differences were found between severe OUD and mild or moderate OUD. CONCLUSION: These novel preliminary results suggest that ECN functional connectivity may differ between OUD and HC. This finding is consistent with previous research showing altered executive function in OUD and supports further examination of ECN functional connectivity in association with treatment response in OUD. Given our relatively small sample size (50 subjects total; 25 subjects per group), our results should be treated as preliminary for hypothesis generation, and replication will be needed in future studies.
Group template maps generated from FSL MELODIC ICA for all subjects thresholded arbitrarily at Z ≥ 4 for display purposes. Units are Z-scores calculated by dividing the original component connectivity strength at each voxel by the standard deviation of the residual noise. The left side of the brain is on the viewer’s right side for the axial and coronal images. Color depictions and MNI coordinates (mm) of the slice location of each image: DMN – green [sagittal slice: x=−2], [transverse slice: z=29], SN – yellow [coronal slice: y=18], [transverse slice: z=−10], LECN – red [transverse slice: z=36], RECN – blue [transverse slice: z=36]
Displayed in red is the significant TFCE cluster within the left superior frontal gyrus (Harvard-Oxford Cortical Structural Atlas) within the LECN for the OUD<HC contrast thresholded at FWE corrected p<0.05. MNI coordinates of cluster peak are [x=−16, y=19, z=52] mm; number of voxels in cluster=30. The left side of the brain is on the viewer’s right side of the axial and coronal images.
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