From event-related potential to oscillations: genetic diathesis in brain (dys)function and alcohol dependence.
- Authors
- Rangaswamy, Madhavi; Porjesz, Bernice
- Year
- 2008
- Journal
- Alcohol research & health : the journal of the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism
- PMID
- 23584866
- PMCID
- PMC3860487
Recording the brain's electrical activity using electrodes placed on the individual's scalp provides noninvasive sensitive measures of brain function in humans. Regardless of whether an individual receives sensory information or performs higher cognitive processes, the brain regions involved exhibit measurable electrical activity, and by recording this activity with numerous electrodes placed on different areas of the scalp, researchers can determine when and where in the brain information processing occurs. Two general approaches can be used to record these neuroelectric phenomena: The continuous electroencephalogram (EEG) records brain activity when the subject is at rest and not involved in a task. It reflects the sum of the random activity of thousands of neurons that have similar spatial orientation in the brain. This activity typically fluctuates in wave-like patterns, and depending on the frequency of these patterns, one distinguishes different brain waves called δ (frequency of 1 to 3 Hz), θ (frequency of 4 to 7 Hz), α (frequency of 8 to 12 Hz), β (frequency of 12 to 28 Hz), and γ (frequency of 28+ Hz) rhythms. Variations in the patterns of these brain waves can indicate the level of consciousness, psychological state, or presence of neurological disorders. Event-related potentials (ERPs) are recorded while the subject is performing a sensory or cognitive task. They reflect the summated activity of network ensembles active during the task and are characterized by a specific pattern called the waveform, which is composed of negative and positive deflections (i.e., waves). For example, a target stimulus detected amidst a series of other nontarget stimuli produces a positive wave around 300 milliseconds after the stimulus. This is known as the P300 or P3 response.
A) Grand mean event-related potential (ERP) at the central electrode (Cz) to visual oddball target processing, averaged from responses of 120 control subjects (blue trace) and 120 alcohol-dependent subjects (red trace). The curves show a reduced P3 (or P300) amplitude in alcoholics. Other prominent components of the waveform (P200, N100, and N200) are also labeled. B) Time x frequency plots for the target condition measured at the Cz electrode (central midline) location on the top of the head in 120 alcoholic (right panel) and 120 control (left panel) subjects. The headplots of the time-frequency regions of interest that underlie the duration of the P3 wave indicate that the peak power in θ band waves (4 to 5 Hz) during target processing (300–500 ms after the stimulus) is present in the anterior location on the scalp, whereas the δ band waves (1 to 3 Hz) peak power is seen in the posterior regions. Alcoholics have weaker responses than control subjects in both the θ and δ bands during the P3 response to target stimuli.
Results of linkage analyses demonstrating that specific gene variants on chromosome 7 are highly genetically linked with the development of θ wave (4–5 Hz) event-related oscillation (ERO) responses to a target stimulus. The region with the greatest linkage contains a gene encoding a receptor for the neurotransmitter acetylcholine (i.e., the cholinergic muscarinic receptor gene CHRM2) and a gene encoding a part of a glutamate receptor (i.e., the GRM8 gene). The dataset was derived from 1,337 individuals from 253 families.NOTE: The LOD (logarithm [base 10] of odds) is a measure of the degree of linkage between a given DNA region or gene and a specific trait.
No entities extracted from this document yet.
No uploaded files.
In this knowledge base
External
| Title | Authors | Journal | Year | Link |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Effects of cue-synchronized parietal cathodal tDCS on internet gaming disorder: A randomized double-blind sham-controlled trial. | Song Y et al. | — | 2025 | → |
| Effects of Parietal Cathodal tDCS during Game Cue Exposure on Internet Gaming Disorder: A Randomized Double-Blind Sham-Controlled Trial | Song Y et al. | — | 2025 | — |
| Predicting risk for Alcohol Use Disorder using longitudinal data with multimodal biomarkers and family history: a machine learning study. | Kinreich S et al. | — | 2021 | → |
| Cerebral Cortical Activity Following Non-invasive Cerebellar Stimulation-a Systematic Review of Combined TMS and EEG Studies. | Fernandez L et al. | — | 2020 | → |
| Multivariate Analyses Reveal Biological Components Related to Neuronal Signaling and Immunity Mediating Electroencephalograms Abnormalities in Alcohol-Dependent Individuals from the Collaborative Study on the Genetics of Alcoholism Cohort. | Meda SA et al. | — | 2019 | → |
| A review on EEG-based methods for screening and diagnosing alcohol use disorder. | Mumtaz W et al. | — | 2018 | → |
| Evidence of Variabilities in EEG Dynamics During Motor Imagery-Based Multiclass Brain-Computer Interface. | Saha S et al. | — | 2018 | → |
| Changes in nonhuman primate brain function following chronic alcohol consumption in previously naïve animals. | Rowland JA et al. | — | 2017 | → |
| Event-related oscillations (ERO) during an active discrimination task: Effects of lesions of the nucleus basalis magnocellularis. | Sanchez-Alavez M et al. | — | 2016 | → |
| Advances in Electrophysiological Research. | Kamarajan C et al. | — | 2015 | → |
| Cholinergic modulation of event-related oscillations (ERO). | Sanchez-Alavez M et al. | — | 2014 | → |
| Understanding alcohol use disorders with neuroelectrophysiology. | Rangaswamy M et al. | — | 2014 | → |
| Event-Related Oscillations in Alcoholism Research: A Review. | Pandey AK et al. | — | 2012 | → |
| Dysfunctional reward processing in male alcoholics: an ERP study during a gambling task. | Kamarajan C et al. | — | 2010 | → |