Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Is Associated with α Dysrhythmia across the Visual Cortex and the Default Mode Network.
paper
Cited
Public
- Authors
- Clancy, Kevin J; Andrzejewski, Jeremy A; Simon, Jessica; Ding, Mingzhou; Schmidt, Norman B; Li, Wen
- Year
- 2020
- Journal
- eNeuro
- PMID
- 32690671
- DOI
- 10.1523/ENEURO.0053-20.2020
- PMCID
- PMC7405069
Anomalies in default mode network (DMN) activity and α (8-12 Hz) oscillations have been independently observed in posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Recent spatiotemporal analyses suggest that α oscillations support DMN functioning via interregional synchronization and sensory cortical inhibition. Therefore, we examined a unifying pathology of α deficits in the visual-cortex-DMN system in PTSD. Human patients with PTSD (=25) and two control groups, patients with generalized anxiety disorder (GAD; =24) and healthy controls (HCs; =20), underwent a standard eyes-open resting state (S-RS) and a modified resting state (M-RS) of passively viewing salient images (known to deactivate the DMN). High-density electroencephalogram (hdEEG) were recorded, from which intracortical α activity (power and connectivity/Granger causality) was extracted using the exact low-resolution electromagnetic tomography (eLORETA). Patients with PTSD (vs GAD/HC) demonstrated attenuated α power in the visual cortex (VC) and key hubs of the DMN [posterior cingulate cortex (PCC) and medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC)] at both states, the severity of which further correlated with hypervigilance symptoms. With increased visual input (at M-RS vs S-RS), patients with PTSD further demonstrated reduced α-frequency directed connectivity within the DMN (PCC→mPFC) and, importantly, from the VC to both DMN hubs (VC→PCC and VC→mPFC), linking α deficits in the two systems. These interrelated α deficits align with DMN hypoactivity/hypoconnectivity, sensory disinhibition, and hypervigilance in PTSD, representing a unifying neural underpinning of these anomalies. The identification of visual-cortex-DMN α dysrhythmia in PTSD further presents a novel therapeutic target, promoting network-based intervention of neural oscillations.
Group differences in α power. A, During the S-RS, the PTSD group demonstrated reduced α power in the VC (the cuneus, precuneus, and superior occipital gyrus), the posterior DMN hub (PCC), and anterior and posterior insula. B, During the M-RS, the PTSD group showed reduced α power in the VC (the cuneus and precuneus), both the anterior and posterior DMN hubs (mPFC and PCC), and anterior and posterior insula. Cun = cuneus; Precun = precuneus; AI = anterior insula; PI = posterior insula; Sup. Occ. = superior occipital gyrus.
Group differences in α connectivity. Left column, Matrices of group differences PTSD minus controls in directed α-frequency connectivity (GC) showed (A) reduced PCC→VC α connectivity (albeit not FDR corrected) during the S-RS; and (B) reduced PCC→mPFC α connectivity during the M-RS and, as enclosed in a red box, more reduction from the S-RS to the M-RS in VC→PCC and VC→mPFC α connectivity. Right column, Schematic presentations of group differences in connectivity during the S-RS (A) and M-RS (B), with solid and dotted arrows reflecting connections surviving and not surviving FDR correction, respectively. Arrows in light blue and dark blue reflect significant effects from simple group contrasts and double contrasts of state and group, respectively. Our discussion focused on the effects surviving the multiple comparison correction; *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, †p < 0.1; white * = FDR corrected; gray * = not FDR corrected. VC = visual cortex.
Whole-brain PCC connectivity maps during the M-RS. Connectivity for all Brodmann areas (BAs) with the PCC as the sender and receiver (p < 0.05). Only the PCC→BA 22 connectivity (dark red) survived whole-brain correction (FWE p = 0.0006).
Clinical associations between α power and hypervigilance. Whole-brain correlation maps of α power and hypervigilance indicated negative correlations in both the dorsal (i.e., SPL, precuneus) and ventral (i.e., ITG) visual cortices during the S-RS (A) and both DMN hubs (mPFC and PCC) during the M-RS (B). SPL = superior parietal lobule; ITG = inferior temporal gyrus.
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In this knowledge base
| Title | Year | PMID |
|---|---|---|
| COVID-19 pandemic stressors are associated with reported increases in frequency of drunkenness among individuals with a history of alcohol use disorder. | 2023 | 37803048 |
External
| Title | Authors | Journal | Year | Link |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Altered cortical alpha modulations and connectivity in complex regional pain syndrome. | Malan NS et al. | — | 2026 | → |
| Microstructural Integrity of Hippocampal-Posterior Cortical White Matter Is Associated With Phenomenological Properties of Trauma-Related Intrusive Memories. | Granger SJ et al. | — | 2026 | → |
| Alpha-frequency stimulation strengthens coupling between temporal fluctuations in alpha oscillation power and default mode network connectivity. | Ma Y et al. | — | 2025 | → |
| Characterizing PTSD Using Electrophysiology: Towards A Precision Medicine Approach. | Kovacevic N et al. | — | 2025 | → |
| Early processing of traumatic material and contextual information in posttraumatic stress disorder and its relation to memory impairments | Zidda F et al. | — | 2025 | — |
| Early processing of traumatic material and contextual information in posttraumatic stress disorder and its relation to memory impairments. | Zidda F et al. | — | 2025 | → |
| EEG-Spectra-Guided Personalized rTMS in PTSD with Co-occurring Psychiatric Disorders: A Case Series. | Mohankumar K et al. | — | 2025 | → |
| Individually guided neuromodulation in special operator veterans with symptoms of PTSD and traumatic brain injury: preliminary data from a chart review. | Frueh BC et al. | — | 2025 | → |
| Modulating Gamma Oscillations in the Anterior Cingulate Cortex with Intermittent Theta Burst Stimulation: Implications for Chronic Non-Specific Low Back Pain. | Jiang H et al. | — | 2025 | → |
| Neural Correlates of Burnout Syndrome Based on Electroencephalography (EEG)-A Mechanistic Review and Discussion of Burnout Syndrome Cognitive Bias Theory. | Chmiel J et al. | — | 2025 | → |
| Neurophysiological Effects of Virtual Reality Multitask Training in Cardiac Surgery Patients: A Study with Standardized Low-Resolution Electromagnetic Tomography (sLORETA). | Tarasova I et al. | — | 2025 | → |
| Polygenic Risks for Depression and Neural Responses to Reward and Punishment in Young Adults. | Chen Y et al. | — | 2025 | → |
| qEEG Neuromarkers of Complex Childhood Trauma in Adolescents. | Marcu GM et al. | — | 2025 | → |
| Systematic review and meta-analysis of neurofeedback training efficacy and neural mechanisms in the treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder. | Berman DE et al. | — | 2025 | → |
| Trait-like visual cortical hyperactivity in trait anxiety. | Wu Z et al. | — | 2025 | → |
| An 8-week compassion and mindfulness-based exposure therapy program improves posttraumatic stress symptoms. | Kummar AS et al. | — | 2024 | → |
| A retrospective chart review to assess the impact of alpha-guided transcranial magnetic stimulation on symptoms of PTSD and depression in active-duty special operations service members. | Bailar-Heath M et al. | — | 2024 | → |
| Contextualized hippocampal-cortical dynamics underlying traumatic memory. | Lanius RA et al. | — | 2024 | → |
| Functional Connectivity of the Auditory Cortex in Women With Trauma-Related Disorders Who Hear Voices. | Li M et al. | — | 2024 | → |
| Increasing Value and Reducing Waste of Research on Neurofeedback Effects in Post-traumatic Stress Disorder: A State-of-the-Art-Review. | Marcu GM et al. | — | 2024 | → |
| Low-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation for the treatment of post-traumatic stress disorder and its comparison with high-frequency stimulation: a systematic review and meta-analysis. | Jiang C et al. | — | 2024 | → |
| Spatiotemporal dynamics of hippocampal-cortical networks underlying the unique phenomenological properties of trauma-related intrusive memories. | Clancy KJ et al. | — | 2024 | → |
| A tale of two targets: examining the differential effects of posterior cingulate cortex- and amygdala-targeted fMRI-neurofeedback in a PTSD pilot study. | Lieberman JM et al. | — | 2023 | → |
| COVID-19 pandemic stressors are associated with reported increases in frequency of drunkenness among individuals with a history of alcohol use disorder. | Meyers JL et al. | — | 2023 | → |
| Homeostatic normalization of alpha brain rhythms within the default-mode network and reduced symptoms in post-traumatic stress disorder following a randomized controlled trial of electroencephalogram neurofeedback. | Nicholson AA et al. | — | 2023 | → |
| How the body remembers: Examining the default mode and sensorimotor networks during moral injury autobiographical memory retrieval in PTSD. | Kearney BE et al. | — | 2023 | → |
| Neurofeedback for post-traumatic stress disorder: systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical and neurophysiological outcomes. | Askovic M et al. | — | 2023 | → |
| Personalized repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (prtms®) for post-traumatic stress disorder (ptsd) in military combat veterans. | Makale MT et al. | — | 2023 | → |
| Posterior cingulate cortex targeted real-time fMRI neurofeedback recalibrates functional connectivity with the amygdala, posterior insula, and default-mode network in PTSD. | Lieberman JM et al. | — | 2023 | → |
| Difference analysis of multidimensional electroencephalogram characteristics between young and old patients with generalized anxiety disorder. | Wang J et al. | — | 2022 | → |
| Differential mechanisms of posterior cingulate cortex downregulation and symptom decreases in posttraumatic stress disorder and healthy individuals using real-time fMRI neurofeedback. | Nicholson AA et al. | — | 2022 | → |
| Open Eyes Increase Neural Oscillation and Enhance Effective Brain Connectivity of the Default Mode Network: Resting-State Electroencephalogram Research. | Wang Y et al. | — | 2022 | → |
| Transcranial stimulation of alpha oscillations up-regulates the default mode network. | Clancy KJ et al. | — | 2022 | → |
| Utility of Cognitive Neural Features for Predicting Mental Health Behaviors. | Kato R et al. | — | 2022 | → |
| Electrophysiological Correlates of Rodent Default-Mode Network Suppression Revealed by Large-Scale Local Field Potential Recordings. | Fakhraei L et al. | — | 2021 | → |
| A randomized, controlled trial of alpha-rhythm EEG neurofeedback in posttraumatic stress disorder: A preliminary investigation showing evidence of decreased PTSD symptoms and restored default mode and salience network connectivity using fMRI. | Nicholson AA et al. | — | 2020 | → |