A multimodal approach to assessing the impact of nicotine dependence, nicotine abstinence, and craving on negative affect in smokers.

paper Cited Public

Authors: Robinson, Jason D; Lam, Cho Y; Carter, Brian L; Minnix, Jennifer A; Cui, Yong; Versace, Francesco; Wetter, David W; Cinciripini, Paul M
Year: 2011
Journal: Experimental and clinical psychopharmacology
PMID: 21341922
DOI: 10.1037/a0022114
PMCID: PMC3384685

#	Section	Preview
0	Do More Dependent Smokers Experience Greater Postquit Negative Affect and Craving?	Evidence suggests that smokers with greater nicotine dependence self-report worse withdrawal…
1	Do More Dependent Smokers Experience Greater Postquit Negative Affect and Craving?	Strategies can be employed to better address the relationship between nicotine dependence and…
2	Do Relapsers Experience Greater Negative Affect and Craving Than Abstainers Following a Smoking Cessation Attempt?	Postcessation negative affect has been found to predict smoking relapse in retrospective (Piasecki,…
3	Do Relapsers Experience Greater Negative Affect and Craving Than Abstainers Following a Smoking Cessation Attempt?	One explanation for these disparate results is that there could be both pharmacological and…
4	Do Relapsers Experience Greater Negative Affect and Craving Than Abstainers Following a Smoking Cessation Attempt?	that smokers may experience negative affect such as guilt following relapse, particularly if the…
5	Must Craving and Negative Affect Co-Occur?	One unanswered question in the literature is whether smokers in a state of craving experience it as…
6	Must Craving and Negative Affect Co-Occur?	However, craving can be experienced during conditions of positive affect. Baker and colleagues…
7	Must Craving and Negative Affect Co-Occur?	A variety of factors could account for the inconsistent relationship between craving and affect.…
8	The Current Study	In the present study, we used a multimodal measurement battery, including retrospective self-report,…
9	The Current Study	We evaluated three hypotheses: (1) more dependent smokers would experience greater negative affect…
10	Method — Participants	The analyses included 111 treatment-seeking smokers (52 women) who were recruited using newspaper…
11	Method — Participants	In terms of participant flow, 497 individuals called and completed the phone screen, 186 were…
12	Method — Procedures — Telephone screen and screening session	All smokers were initially screened in a 40-min telephone interview to establish their initial…
13	Method — Procedures — Retrospective questionnaires	At the in-person baseline screening session, participants completed the Fagerström Test for…
14	Method — Procedures — Laboratory sessions	Participants in the treatment condition completed four laboratory sessions: Session 1 (baseline; 4…
15	Method — Procedures — Laboratory sessions — Treatment regimen and smoking-cessation therapy	Participants were informed of their random group assignment (treatment vs. delayed treatment)…
16	Method — Procedures — Laboratory sessions — Smoking assessment	Smoking status was measured at the beginning of each laboratory session using self-reported smoking,…
17	Method — Procedures — Laboratory sessions — Affective slide viewing	Each laboratory session involved the presentation of 48 slides, 12 each from the categories of…
18	Method — Procedures — Laboratory sessions — Affective slide viewing	created for this experiment and are validated elsewhere (Carter et al., 2006). A PC using Psychology…
19	Method — Procedures — Laboratory sessions — Physiological measurement	After completing the retrospective questionnaires (CES-D, PANAS, and WSWS), EMG electrodes (Ag-AgCl)…

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