A multimodal approach to assessing the impact of nicotine dependence, nicotine abstinence, and craving on negative affect in smokers.

paper Cited Public

Authors: Robinson, Jason D; Lam, Cho Y; Carter, Brian L; Minnix, Jennifer A; Cui, Yong; Versace, Francesco; Wetter, David W; Cinciripini, Paul M
Year: 2011
Journal: Experimental and clinical psychopharmacology
PMID: 21341922
DOI: 10.1037/a0022114
PMCID: PMC3384685

#	Section	Preview
20	Method — Procedures — Laboratory sessions — In-session ratings	After every third slide, participants were asked to rate their negative mood, positive mood, and…
21	Method — Data Reduction and Analysis	Scoring was conducted offline using AcqKnowledge 3.5.3 software. Data were first visually inspected…
22	Method — Data Reduction and Analysis	obtain a measure of standardized reactivity for each subject, we calculated the standard deviation…
23	Method — Data Reduction and Analysis	Mixed model regression (SAS Proc Mixed v9.2; SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC) was used to assess all…
24	Method — Data Reduction and Analysis	effects (Winer, 1971). To correct for the effects of multiple comparisons on Type I error rate, the…
25	Results — Demographics and Smoking Behavior	Table 1 contains mean and frequency data summarizing the demographic and smoking characteristics of…
26	Results — Abstinence Outcome	Abstinence was calculated in two ways, at each postquit time point (session) and at end of treatment…
27	Results — Abstinence Outcome	3, and 4. Relapsers were those who relapsed to smoking by one of the time points subsequent to the…
28	Results — Baseline Manipulation Checks	Before examining our hypotheses, we conducted analyses to determine whether our physiological and…
29	Results — Baseline Manipulation Checks	With COR EMG, we found a significant main effect of slide valence, F(3, 315) = 8.99, p < .0001, such…
30	Results — Is Increased Nicotine Dependence Associated With Greater Negative Affect and Craving?	To address this question, we first analyzed the impact of FTND, a measure of nicotine dependence, on…
31	Results — Is Increased Nicotine Dependence Associated With Greater Negative Affect and Craving? — Psychophysiology	We modeled the effects of FTND,3 as a main effect and as an interaction term with valence, on…
32	Results — Is Increased Nicotine Dependence Associated With Greater Negative Affect and Craving? — Psychophysiology	For postquit COR EMG, we modeled the effects of FTND, as a main effect and as an interaction term…
33	Results — Is Increased Nicotine Dependence Associated With Greater Negative Affect and Craving? — In-session ratings	To examine the impact of FTND on baseline in-session ratings, which were administered during slide…
34	Results — Is Increased Nicotine Dependence Associated With Greater Negative Affect and Craving? — In-session ratings	To examine the impact of baseline smoking dependence on postquit in-session ratings, which were…
35	Results — Is Increased Nicotine Dependence Associated With Greater Negative Affect and Craving? — Retrospective questionnaires	We modeled the main effect of FTND on each of the retrospective questionnaires (CES-D, PANAS, and…
36	Results — Is Increased Nicotine Dependence Associated With Greater Negative Affect and Craving? — Retrospective questionnaires	We examined the main effects of FTND and its interaction with EOT group status and session on each…
37	Results — Do Abstainers or Relapsers Experience Greater Negative Affect or Craving? — Psychophysiology	The impact of between-subjects EOT group status (abstainer, relapser, and control) and its…
38	Results — Do Abstainers or Relapsers Experience Greater Negative Affect or Craving? — In-session ratings	For analysis of the postquit in-session ratings data, we ran models containing EOT group status and…
39	Results — Do Abstainers or Relapsers Experience Greater Negative Affect or Craving? — Retrospective questionnaires	We examined the impact of between-subjects EOT group status (abstainer, relapser, and control) and…

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