Psychosis related to neurological conditions: pro and cons of the dis- / mis-connectivity models of schizophrenia.

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Authors: Foucher, Jack R; Luck, David
Year: 2006
Journal: Dialogues in clinical neuroscience
PMID: 16640110
DOI: 10.31887/DCNS.2006.8.1/jfoucher
PMCID: PMC3181754

#	Section	Preview
0	A long time ago...	The idea that schizophrenia could be related to problems of connectivity can be traced back to the…
1	A long time ago...	also provoke a particular kind of aphasia: conduction aphasia. The confirmation of this theoretical…
2	A long time ago...	(dissociation - however, this should not be confused with the notion of “dissociating disorder”…
3	What makes us now think that schizophrenia is related to connectivity?	We will separate two notions generally confounded in the literature: anatomical and functional…
4	What makes us now think that schizophrenia is related to connectivity? — Gray matter connectivity	Gray matter hypotrophy and atrophy have both been described in schizophrenic patients. Hypotrophy…
5	What makes us now think that schizophrenia is related to connectivity? — Gray matter connectivity	It has been shown that such a reduction exists in patients as early as the first episode, with the…
6	What makes us now think that schizophrenia is related to connectivity? — Gray matter connectivity	This gray matter reduction does not seem to be related to neuronal loss occurring after the second…
7	What makes us now think that schizophrenia is related to connectivity? — Gray matter connectivity	In short, there is evidence of a reduction in local connectivity in some cortical areas in…
8	What makes us now think that schizophrenia is related to connectivity? — White matter connectivity	There are also reasons to believe that the support of long-range connectivity, namely that of white…
9	What makes us now think that schizophrenia is related to connectivity? — White matter connectivity	microscopic organization of white matter has been repeatedly described with diffusion tensor imaging…
10	What makes us now think that schizophrenia is related to connectivity? — White matter connectivity	In brief, there is also substantial support for a reduction in long-range connectivity.
11	What makes us now think that schizophrenia is related to connectivity? — Erroneous connections	In about 30% of schizophrenic patients, persistent subplate neurons have been found.26,27 As their…
12	A disorder of functional integration?	The functional counterpart of these anatomical disorders could be an abnormal coordination between…
13	A disorder of functional integration?	An initial way to assess integration is by functional connectivity, defined as the amount of…
14	A disorder of functional integration?	However, it is not as simple as a pure equivalence between reduced anatomical connectivity and…
15	A disorder of functional integration?	A second way to assess functional integration is at the whole brain level, not only between pairs of…
16	A disorder of functional integration?	axis, more in the leftright axis). However, the “rest” of the brain, ie, regions not taking part…
17	A disorder of functional integration?	In short, anatomical and functional levels should not be confounded, as they might give opposite…
18	Neurological diseases could help refine the model	The disconnectivity hypothesis causing functional disintegration is a promising pathophysiology for…
19	Neurological diseases could help refine the model	There are multiple levels of connectivity that could be discussed, but we will focus on:

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Psychosis related to neurological conditions: pro and cons of the dis- / mis-connectivity models of schizophrenia.

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