The error-related negativity (ERN) and psychopathology: toward an endophenotype.
- Authors
- Olvet, Doreen M; Hajcak, Greg
- Year
- 2008
- Journal
- Clinical psychology review
- PMID
- 18694617
- DOI
- 10.1016/j.cpr.2008.07.003
- PMCID
- PMC2615243
The ERN is a negative deflection in the event-related potential that peaks approximately 50 ms after the commission of an error. The ERN is thought to reflect early error-processing activity of the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC). First, we review current functional, neurobiological, and developmental data on the ERN. Next, the ERN is discussed in terms of three psychiatric disorders characterized by abnormal response monitoring: anxiety disorders, depression, and substance abuse. These data indicate that increased and decreased error-related brain activity is associated with the internalizing and externalizing dimensions of psychopathology, respectively. Recent data further suggest that abnormal error-processing indexed by the ERN indexes trait- but not state-related symptoms, especially related to anxiety. Overall, these data point to utility of ERN in studying risk for psychiatric disorders, and are discussed in terms of the endophenotype construct.
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| Name | Type |
|---|---|
| 5-6 year olds local | cohort |
| ACC | anatomy |
| accuracy | phenotype |
| Accuracy emphasis local | phenotype |
| adolescents (ages 13-14) local | cohort |
| adults | cohort |
| adults (ages 23-24) local | cohort |
| Age (development) local | phenotype |
| alcohol | phenotype |
| anterior cingulate cortex | anatomy |
| anxiety | phenotype |
| Avoidance Learning local | phenotype |
| basal ganglia | anatomy |
| Baseline dopamine levels local | phenotype |
| Behavioral activation system local | phenotype |
| behavioral inhibition | phenotype |
| BIS | phenotype |
| caudal ACC local | anatomy |
| children | cohort |
| Children (age 7-18) local | cohort |
| Children as young as 5 local | cohort |
| Children with GAD and OCD local | cohort |
| Children younger than 12 local | cohort |
| cocaine | phenotype |
| Cocaine dependent patients local | cohort |
| conflict-detection process local | phenotype |
| conscientiousness | phenotype |
| control group | cohort |
| Correct-related negativity local | phenotype |
| correct response | phenotype |
| CRN local | phenotype |
| CRN amplitude local | phenotype |
| DA agonists local | drug |
| d-amphetamine | drug |
| Davies et al. 2004 local | cohort |
| Decreased ERN amplitude local | phenotype |
| Decreased sensitivity to punishment local | phenotype |
| Defensive Behaviors local | phenotype |
| defensive startle reflex local | phenotype |
| depression | phenotype |
| depressive changes local | phenotype |
| depressive symptoms | phenotype |
| dopamine | drug |
| Dopaminergic agents local | drug |
| early adolescents (ages 9-14) local | cohort |
| emotionally- or motivationally-relevant response to errors local | phenotype |
| ERN local | anatomy |
| ERN | phenotype |
| ERN amplitude | phenotype |
| ERP | phenotype |
| error awareness | phenotype |
| error-detection local | phenotype |
| error-detection process local | phenotype |
| Error-related brain activation local | phenotype |
| Error-related brain activity local | phenotype |
| error-related negativity | phenotype |
| Error-related negativity amplitude | phenotype |
| Error-related negativity (ERN) | phenotype |
| Error-related negativity (ERN) amplitude local | phenotype |
| errors | phenotype |
| error-sensitivity local | phenotype |
| error signal at the remedial action system local | phenotype |
| externalizing behavior | phenotype |
| externalizing dimension of personality and psychopathology local | phenotype |
| externalizing disorders | phenotype |
| FCz electrode | anatomy |
| First-degree family members of non-patients local | cohort |
| first-degree relatives | cohort |
| generalized anxiety disorder | phenotype |
| Hajcak et al. 2007 local | cohort |
| haloperidol | drug |
| healthy controls | cohort |
| heart rate deceleration local | phenotype |
| High-OC subjects local | cohort |
| hostility | phenotype |
| Impulsive control problems local | phenotype |
| Impulsive personality local | phenotype |
| impulsive responding | phenotype |
| impulsivity | phenotype |
| Increased sensitivity to reward local | phenotype |
| insensitivity to punishment | phenotype |
| internalizing disorders | phenotype |
| Kim et al. 2007 local | cohort |
| large ERN amplitude local | phenotype |
| late adolescents (ages 14-17) local | cohort |
| Learning style local | phenotype |
| marijuana | phenotype |
| medial prefrontal cortex | anatomy |
| methamphetamine | drug |
| mismatch local | phenotype |
| motivational significance local | phenotype |
| Motivational significance local | phenotype |
| negative affect | phenotype |
| neuroticism | phenotype |
| normal ERN local | phenotype |
| obsessive-compulsive disorder | phenotype |
| Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) local | phenotype |
| older adults | cohort |
| opiates | drug |
| Parkinsonβs disease | phenotype |
| paroxetine | drug |
| participants | cohort |
| Pathological Worry local | phenotype |
| PFC lesion patients local | cohort |
| Phasic dopamine bursts local | phenotype |
| post-error slowing local | phenotype |
| Post-error slowing local | phenotype |
| prefrontal cortex | anatomy |
| Prefrontal cortex lesion patients local | cohort |
| proactive control | phenotype |
| psychiatric disorders | phenotype |
| Punishment sensitivity local | phenotype |
| reaction time | phenotype |
| reactive control | phenotype |
| reduced error-related ACC activity local | phenotype |
| response conflict | phenotype |
| reward | phenotype |
| reward sensitivity | phenotype |
| rostral ACC | anatomy |
| schizophrenia | phenotype |
| self-monitoring | phenotype |
| skin conductance local | phenotype |
| Speed emphasis local | phenotype |
| Spider phobia local | phenotype |
| Stimulus conflict local | phenotype |
| substance abuse | phenotype |
| Tonic dopamine levels local | phenotype |
| Torpey et al. 2007 local | cohort |
| trait anxiety | phenotype |
| Unaffected first-degree family members local | cohort |
| unaware errors local | phenotype |
| Wiersema et al. 2007 local | cohort |
| worry | phenotype |
| young adults | cohort |
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