Common genetic and environmental contributions to post-traumatic stress disorder and alcohol dependence in young women.
paper
Cited
Public
- Authors
- Sartor, C E; McCutcheon, V V; Pommer, N E; Nelson, E C; Grant, J D; Duncan, A E; Waldron, M; Bucholz, K K; Madden, P A F; Heath, A C
- Year
- 2011
- Journal
- Psychological medicine
- PMID
- 21054919
- DOI
- 10.1017/S0033291710002072
- PMCID
- PMC3377473
BACKGROUND: The few genetically informative studies to examine post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and alcohol dependence (AD), all of which are based on a male veteran sample, suggest that the co-morbidity between PTSD and AD may be attributable in part to overlapping genetic influences, but this issue has yet to be addressed in females.MethodData were derived from an all-female twin sample (n=3768) ranging in age from 18 to 29 years. A trivariate genetic model that included trauma exposure as a separate phenotype was fitted to estimate genetic and environmental contributions to PTSD and the degree to which they overlap with those that contribute to AD, after accounting for potential confounding effects of heritable influences on trauma exposure. RESULTS: Additive genetic influences (A) accounted for 72% of the variance in PTSD; individual-specific environmental (E) factors accounted for the remainder. An AE model also provided the best fit for AD, for which heritability was estimated to be 71%. The genetic correlation between PTSD and AD was 0.54. CONCLUSIONS: The heritability estimate for PTSD in our sample is higher than estimates reported in earlier studies based almost exclusively on an all-male sample in which combat exposure was the precipitating traumatic event. However, our findings are consistent with the absence of evidence for shared environmental influences on PTSD and, most importantly, the substantial overlap in genetic influences on PTSD and AD reported in these investigations. Additional research addressing potential distinctions by gender in the relative contributions of genetic and environmental influences on PTSD is merited.
Trivariate Cholesky decomposition : genetic and environmental influences on trauma exposure, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and alcohol dependence (AD). Unstandardized pathways are shown. A, additive genetic ; C, shared environmental ; and E, non-shared environmental influences.
β Prev
21β37 of 37
| Name | Type |
|---|---|
| 13-19-year-old female twin cohorts local | cohort |
| absent trauma local | phenotype |
| adulthood trauma exposure local | phenotype |
| African American | cohort |
| Age at time of report local | phenotype |
| alcohol | phenotype |
| alcohol abuse | phenotype |
| alcohol dependence | phenotype |
| alcohol-related problems | phenotype |
| alcohol use disorders | phenotype |
| All-male twin sample local | cohort |
| Alzheimer's disease | phenotype |
| anxiety | phenotype |
| being threatened with a weapon, held captive, or kidnapped local | phenotype |
| Breslau et al. 1998 local | cohort |
| Caucasian | cohort |
| Childhood physical abuse and neglect local | phenotype |
| childhood trauma | phenotype |
| civilian sample of men and women local | cohort |
| combat exposure local | phenotype |
| Combat exposure local | phenotype |
| Community-based sample local | cohort |
| DD | phenotype |
| depression | phenotype |
| drug dependence | phenotype |
| DSM-IV | phenotype |
| DSM-IV Criterion A local | phenotype |
| DSM-IV Criterion B local | phenotype |
| DSM-IV Criterion C local | phenotype |
| DSM-IV Criterion D local | phenotype |
| Early home environment local | phenotype |
| fire, flood, or natural disaster local | phenotype |
| full sample | cohort |
| general population-based twin sample local | cohort |
| genetically informative female sample local | cohort |
| genetic factors | cohort |
| Heritability of PTSD local | phenotype |
| juvenile antisociality local | phenotype |
| Kessler et al. 1995 local | cohort |
| life-threatening accident local | phenotype |
| men | cohort |
| Missouri Adolescent Female Twin Study | cohort |
| National Comorbidity Survey | cohort |
| nonassaultive trauma | phenotype |
| No trauma local | phenotype |
| openness to new experiences local | phenotype |
| other substances of abuse local | drug |
| physical abuse | phenotype |
| physical abuse as a child local | phenotype |
| posttraumatic stress disorder | phenotype |
| Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder | phenotype |
| Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) local | phenotype |
| psychopathology | phenotype |
| PTSD severity local | phenotype |
| rape | phenotype |
| Resnick et al. 1993 local | cohort |
| Scherrer et al. 2008 study local | cohort |
| serious neglect as a child local | phenotype |
| serious physical attack or assault local | phenotype |
| Severity indicator local | phenotype |
| Sexual maturation questions local | phenotype |
| sexual molestation local | phenotype |
| Sexual molestation local | phenotype |
| singletons | cohort |
| Stein et al. (2002) local | cohort |
| Subjective ratings of distress local | phenotype |
| substance use | phenotype |
| target cohort | cohort |
| trauma exposure | phenotype |
| Twin cohort | cohort |
| VETR sample local | cohort |
| Vietnam Era Twin Registry | cohort |
| wave 2 | cohort |
| Wave 4 trauma checklist local | drug |
| witnessing someone being badly injured or killed local | phenotype |
| women | cohort |
| Women without PTSD local | cohort |
| Women with PTSD local | cohort |
| Xian et al. 2000 study local | cohort |
| young women | cohort |
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