Comorbidity of posttraumatic stress disorder with alcohol dependence among US adults: results from National Epidemiological Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions.
paper
Cited
Public
- Authors
- Blanco, Carlos; Xu, Yang; Brady, Kathleen; PΓ©rez-Fuentes, Gabriela; Okuda, Mayumi; Wang, Shuai
- Year
- 2013
- Journal
- Drug and alcohol dependence
- PMID
- 23702490
- DOI
- 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2013.04.016
- PMCID
- PMC3770804
BACKGROUND: Despite the high rates of comorbidity of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and alcohol dependence (AD) in clinical and epidemiological samples, little is known about the prevalence, clinical presentation, course, risk factors and patterns of treatment-seeking of co-occurring PTSD-AD among the general population. METHODS: The sample included respondents of the Wave 2 of the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions (NESARC). Weighted means, frequencies and odds ratios (ORs) of sociodemographic correlates, prevalence of psychiatric disorders and rates of treatment-seeking were computed. RESULTS: In the general population, the lifetime prevalence of PTSD only, AD only and PTSD-AD was 4.83%, 13.66% and 1.59%, respectively. Individuals with comorbid PTSD-AD were more likely than those with PTSD or AD only to have suffered childhood adversities and had higher rates of Axis I and II disorders and suicide attempts. They also met more PTSD diagnostic criteria, had earlier onset of PTSD and were more likely to use drugs and alcohol to relieve their PTSD symptoms than those with PTSD only; they also met more AD diagnostic criteria than those with AD only and had greater disability. Individuals with PTSD-AD had higher rates of treatment seeking for AD than those with AD only, but similar rates than those with PTSD only. CONCLUSION: PTSD-AD is associated with high levels of severity across a broad range of domains even compared with individuals with PTSD or AD only, yet treatment-seeking rates are very low. There is a need to improve treatment access and outcomes for individuals with PTSD-AD.
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| Name | Type |
|---|---|
| 2000 census | cohort |
| AD diagnosis criteria count local | phenotype |
| addiction | phenotype |
| Additional psychiatric disorders local | phenotype |
| ADHD | phenotype |
| AD only local | phenotype |
| adulthood psychopathology local | phenotype |
| Adult involvement local | phenotype |
| Adults aged 18-24 local | cohort |
| adverse childhood experiences | phenotype |
| African American | cohort |
| Age >45 local | phenotype |
| Age 45-64 local | phenotype |
| age of onset | phenotype |
| alcohol | phenotype |
| alcohol abuse | phenotype |
| alcohol dependence | phenotype |
| Alcohol Use | phenotype |
| Alcohol Use Disorder | phenotype |
| Alzheimer's disease | phenotype |
| antisocial personality disorder | phenotype |
| anxiety | phenotype |
| any psychiatric disorder local | phenotype |
| Asian | cohort |
| axis I disorder | phenotype |
| Axis II disorders | phenotype |
| bipolar disorder | phenotype |
| bipolar II disorder | phenotype |
| Black | phenotype |
| childhood experiences local | phenotype |
| Childhood maltreatment experiences local | phenotype |
| childhood stress | phenotype |
| childhood trauma | phenotype |
| Childhood verbal abuse local | phenotype |
| Children at risk cohort local | cohort |
| Civilian women local | cohort |
| community sample | cohort |
| comorbid PTSD-AD local | phenotype |
| Comorbid PTSD-AD local | cohort |
| conduct disorder | phenotype |
| coping | phenotype |
| CRHR1 | gene |
| CRH variation local | variant |
| Dangerous chores local | phenotype |
| dependent personality disorder | phenotype |
| depression | phenotype |
| Difficulty in emotion expression local | phenotype |
| disability | phenotype |
| drug | drug |
| drug dependence | phenotype |
| drugs | drug |
| Duration of longest episode local | phenotype |
| dysthymia | phenotype |
| Earlier onset of PTSD local | phenotype |
| early alcohol use | phenotype |
| emotional neglect | phenotype |
| emotion regulation | phenotype |
| familial risk | cohort |
| Foreign born local | phenotype |
| generalized anxiety disorder | phenotype |
| hazardous drinking | phenotype |
| Heavy alcohol drinking local | drug |
| heavy drinking | phenotype |
| hereditary vulnerability local | phenotype |
| Hispanic | phenotype |
| impulsivity | phenotype |
| Income >$20,000 | phenotype |
| Less than high school education | phenotype |
| Lifetime AD only local | cohort |
| Lifetime PTSD only local | cohort |
| lower socioeconomic status | phenotype |
| major depressive disorder | phenotype |
| Military local | cohort |
| mood disorders | phenotype |
| National Comorbidity Survey | cohort |
| National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions | cohort |
| nationally representative sample | cohort |
| Negative family environment local | phenotype |
| neglect | phenotype |
| NESARC | cohort |
| NESARC Wave 2 | cohort |
| nicotine | drug |
| nicotine dependence | phenotype |
| No insurance local | phenotype |
| Number of diagnostic criteria met local | phenotype |
| other drug use | phenotype |
| panic disorder | phenotype |
| parental absence | phenotype |
| parental alcoholism | phenotype |
| Parental Behavioral Problem local | phenotype |
| parental divorce/separation | phenotype |
| Parental History of Alcohol and Drug Use Problems local | phenotype |
| Partner with alcohol problem local | phenotype |
| Partner with Alcohol Problem local | phenotype |
| pathological gambling | phenotype |
| personality disorders | phenotype |
| physical abuse | phenotype |
| physical functioning | phenotype |
| physical health | phenotype |
| physical neglect | phenotype |
| Physiological responsivity local | phenotype |
| posttraumatic stress disorder | phenotype |
| Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder | phenotype |
| psychiatric disorders | phenotype |
| psychological function | phenotype |
| psychopathology | phenotype |
| psychosis | phenotype |
| psychotropic medication | drug |
| PTSD-AD local | cohort |
| PTSD-AD local | phenotype |
| PTSD-AD comorbidity group local | cohort |
| PTSD diagnosis criteria count local | phenotype |
| PTSD only local | phenotype |
| PTSD symptom improvement local | phenotype |
| PTSD symptom severity local | phenotype |
| Public health insurance local | phenotype |
| resilience | phenotype |
| Sadness or depressed mood local | phenotype |
| Seeking Safety trials local | cohort |
| Separated | phenotype |
| sex | phenotype |
| Sexual intercourse local | phenotype |
| Sexual touching local | phenotype |
| SF-12 mental component summary local | phenotype |
| SF-12 mental health scale local | phenotype |
| SF-12 physical component scale local | phenotype |
| SF-12 physical component summary local | phenotype |
| SF-12 role emotional scale local | phenotype |
| SF-12 social functioning scale local | phenotype |
| SF-12 total score local | phenotype |
| social anxiety | phenotype |
| social support | phenotype |
| socioeconomic status | phenotype |
| specific phobia | phenotype |
| stress | phenotype |
| stressful life events | phenotype |
| substance | phenotype |
| substances | phenotype |
| substance use | phenotype |
| suicide | phenotype |
| Tooβyoung sexual experiences local | phenotype |
| Touching and fondling local | phenotype |
| trauma | phenotype |
| Unmarried | phenotype |
| Unwanted sexual experiences local | phenotype |
| US civilian population | cohort |
| Use of alcohol and drugs to relieve PTSD symptoms local | phenotype |
| US non-institutionalized population local | cohort |
| Verbal abuse | phenotype |
| Vulnerable family environment local | phenotype |
| Vulnerable Family Environment local | phenotype |
| Wave 1 NESARC local | cohort |
| Wave 2 NESARC local | cohort |
| widowed | phenotype |
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| Title | Year | PMID |
|---|---|---|
| Genomic risk for post-traumatic stress disorder in families densely affected with alcohol use disorders. | 2023 | 37344610 |
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