Genetic and environmental contributions to the relationships between brain structure and average lifetime cigarette use.
- Authors
- Prom-Wormley, Elizabeth; Maes, Hermine H M; Schmitt, J Eric; Panizzon, Matthew S; Xian, Hong; Eyler, Lisa T; Franz, Carol E; Lyons, Michael J; Tsuang, Ming T; Dale, Anders M; Fennema-Notestine, Christine; Kremen, William S; Neale, Michael C
- Year
- 2015
- Journal
- Behavior genetics
- PMID
- 25690561
- DOI
- 10.1007/s10519-014-9704-4
- PMCID
- PMC4348348
Chronic cigarette use has been consistently associated with differences in the neuroanatomy of smokers relative to nonsmokers in case-control studies. However, the etiology underlying the relationships between brain structure and cigarette use is unclear. A community-based sample of male twin pairs ages 51-59 (110 monozygotic pairs, 92 dizygotic pairs) was used to determine the extent to which there are common genetic and environmental influences between brain structure and average lifetime cigarette use. Brain structure was measured by high-resolution structural magnetic resonance imaging, from which subcortical volume and cortical volume, thickness and surface area were derived. Bivariate genetic models were fitted between these measures and average lifetime cigarette use measured as cigarette pack-years. Widespread, negative phenotypic correlations were detected between cigarette pack-years and several cortical as well as subcortical structures. Shared genetic and unique environmental factors contributed to the phenotypic correlations shared between cigarette pack-years and subcortical volume as well as cortical volume and surface area. Brain structures involved in many of the correlations were previously reported to play a role in specific aspects of networks of smoking-related behaviors. These results provide evidence for conducting future research on the etiology of smoking-related behaviors using measures of brain morphology.
Final Bivariate Model Used to Test Relationships Across All Regions of Interest (ROI) of Brain Structure and Cigarette pack-years.A1, C1 and E1 refer to the additive genetic, shared environmental and unique environmental contributing to the total variance of cigarette pack-years (PY). A2 and E2 refer to the additive genetic and unique environmental influences contributing to a specific region of interest (ROI). Paths a21 and e21 reflect those used to estimate the genetic and environmental influences shared between cigarette pack-years and brain structure size.
Phenotypic Correlations between Cigarette pack-years and All Volume Measures of Cortical Regions for (A) Left Lateral, (B) Right Lateral, (C) Left Medial, and (D) Right Medial Views
| Name | Type |
|---|---|
| active combat exposure local | phenotype |
| adult male twins local | cohort |
| adult rats | cohort |
| age | phenotype |
| Alterations in synaptic activity local | phenotype |
| Alzheimer's disease | phenotype |
| amygdala | anatomy |
| Anatomical and chemical changes in the brain local | phenotype |
| anterior cingulate cortex | anatomy |
| average cortical thickness local | phenotype |
| bilateral rostral middle frontal local | anatomy |
| Boston University local | cohort |
| brain morphological changes local | phenotype |
| brain morphology | anatomy |
| brain morphometric measures local | phenotype |
| brain morphometry local | anatomy |
| brain morphometry | phenotype |
| Brain network organization local | phenotype |
| brain pathways local | anatomy |
| brain region size local | phenotype |
| brainstem | anatomy |
| brain structure | anatomy |
| brain volume | anatomy |
| brain white matter | anatomy |
| cardiovascular disease | phenotype |
| case-control sample | cohort |
| caudate nucleus | anatomy |
| cerebellar gray matter local | anatomy |
| cerebellum | anatomy |
| Chrna3 | gene |
| CHRNA5 | gene |
| Chrnb4 | gene |
| chronic nicotine exposure local | phenotype |
| cigarette pack-years local | drug |
| cigarettes | phenotype |
| cingulate cortex | anatomy |
| cingulate lobe local | anatomy |
| Community-based sample of older adults local | cohort |
| community-based samples local | cohort |
| cortex | anatomy |
| cortical ROIs local | anatomy |
| cortical sulci and gyri local | anatomy |
| cortical surface | anatomy |
| cortical surface area | anatomy |
| cortical thickness | phenotype |
| cortical volumes local | anatomy |
| cortical volumes local | phenotype |
| Covariance DZ local | phenotype |
| Covariance MZ local | phenotype |
| craving control local | phenotype |
| current smoking | phenotype |
| Desikan-Killiany atlas local | anatomy |
| Dizygotic (DZ) pairs local | cohort |
| DNA testing local | drug |
| estimated total intracranial volume local | phenotype |
| Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence | phenotype |
| frontal cortex | anatomy |
| Genetic variance | phenotype |
| global indices local | anatomy |
| global size local | phenotype |
| globus pallidus | anatomy |
| gray matter | anatomy |
| gray/white boundary | anatomy |
| Head injury | phenotype |
| hearing/speech impairment local | phenotype |
| hippocampus | anatomy |
| human brain | anatomy |
| hypointense white matter regions local | phenotype |
| Increased markers of apoptosis local | phenotype |
| initiation | phenotype |
| lateral ventricular volume local | anatomy |
| left accumbens local | anatomy |
| left cerebellum cortex local | anatomy |
| left frontal pole | anatomy |
| left middle temporal gyrus | anatomy |
| left paracentral gyrus local | anatomy |
| left pars orbitalis local | anatomy |
| Left pars orbitalis local | anatomy |
| Left rostral anterior cingulate local | anatomy |
| Lower gray matter density local | phenotype |
| Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH) local | cohort |
| MGH local | cohort |
| midbrain | anatomy |
| Middle-aged male cohort local | cohort |
| Monozygotic (MZ) pairs local | cohort |
| morphometric measures local | phenotype |
| Negative correlation with cigarette pack-years local | phenotype |
| neocortex | anatomy |
| neocortical surface area local | anatomy |
| neocortical surface area local | phenotype |
| Neocortical surface area local | anatomy |
| neocortical thickness local | anatomy |
| neocortical thickness local | phenotype |
| Neocortical thickness local | anatomy |
| neocortical volume local | anatomy |
| neocortical volume local | phenotype |
| Neocortical volume local | anatomy |
| neuroanatomical measures local | phenotype |
| neurological networks for smoking local | anatomy |
| Neurological networks for smoking local | anatomy |
| never smokers | phenotype |
| nicotine | drug |
| nicotine dependence | phenotype |
| nicotine self-administration | phenotype |
| nicotine use | phenotype |
| nicotine withdrawal | phenotype |
| non-MRI participants local | cohort |
| non-smokers | phenotype |
| normal aging | phenotype |
| nucleus accumbens | anatomy |
| number of cigarettes smoked per day | phenotype |
| Number of years smoked local | phenotype |
| occipital cortex | anatomy |
| older adults | cohort |
| orbitofrontal cortex | anatomy |
| pack-years | phenotype |
| pallidum | anatomy |
| parietal cortex | anatomy |
| pial surface | anatomy |
| Pleasure-related features local | phenotype |
| posterior cingulate cortex | anatomy |
| precuneus | anatomy |
| prefrontal cortex | anatomy |
| psychiatric history | phenotype |
| psychotropic medication | drug |
| putamen | anatomy |
| Reduced cell numbers local | phenotype |
| Reduced gray matter volumes local | phenotype |
| regional structures local | anatomy |
| reward/pleasure local | phenotype |
| right caudal anterior cingulate local | anatomy |
| Right caudal anterior cingulate local | anatomy |
| right caudal anterior cingulate cortex local | anatomy |
| right cuneus | anatomy |
| right inferior temporal gyrus local | anatomy |
| right lateral occipital gyrus local | anatomy |
| right lingual gyrus | anatomy |
| right middle temporal gyrus | anatomy |
| right pars opercularis local | anatomy |
| Right pars opercularis local | anatomy |
| Right rostral middle frontal local | anatomy |
| right transverse temporal gyrus local | anatomy |
| sex | phenotype |
| Shared environmental variance local | phenotype |
| site | cohort |
| Size reductions local | phenotype |
| Smaller volumes local | phenotype |
| smoking | phenotype |
| smoking persistence | phenotype |
| smoking-related behaviors | phenotype |
| social situations local | phenotype |
| specific regions local | anatomy |
| stressors | phenotype |
| subcortical regions | anatomy |
| subcortical volumes | anatomy |
| surface area | phenotype |
| temporal horn of lateral ventricle local | anatomy |
| thalamus | anatomy |
| thickness | phenotype |
| third ventricle | anatomy |
| total average cortical thickness local | phenotype |
| Total cerebral brain volume local | phenotype |
| total intracranial volume local | phenotype |
| total surface area local | phenotype |
| total variance | phenotype |
| Twin cohort | cohort |
| UCSD local | cohort |
| Unique environmental variance local | phenotype |
| Univariate ACE model local | drug |
| University of California, San Diego Medical Center (UCSD) local | cohort |
| ventral striatum | anatomy |
| ventricle body local | anatomy |
| VETSA local | cohort |
| VETSA1 MRI participants local | cohort |
| VETSA1 MRI sample local | cohort |
| VETSA1 MRI study local | cohort |
| VETSA1 MRI subsample local | cohort |
| VETSA project local | cohort |
| VETSA sample local | cohort |
| Vietnam Era Twin Registry | cohort |
| Vietnam Era Twin Study of Aging local | cohort |
| white matter | anatomy |
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| Gene-Environment Interactions and Stochastic Variations in the Gero-Exposome. | Finch CE et al. | — | 2021 | → |
| Re-investigating the effects of chronic smoking on the pathology of alcohol-related human brain damage. | McCorkindale AN et al. | — | 2019 | → |
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| Brain Structure Alterations in Respect to Tobacco Consumption and Nicotine Dependence: A Comparative Voxel-Based Morphometry Study. | Peng P et al. | — | 2018 | → |
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| The genetic epidemiology of substance use disorder: A review. | Prom-Wormley EC et al. | — | 2017 | → |
| Development and aging of cortical thickness correspond to genetic organization patterns. | Fjell AM et al. | — | 2015 | → |