Breaking barriers in the genomics and pharmacogenetics of drug addiction.
paper
Cited
Public
- Authors
- Ho, M K; Goldman, D; Heinz, A; Kaprio, J; Kreek, M J; Li, M D; Munafò, M R; Tyndale, R F
- Year
- 2010
- Journal
- Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics
- PMID
- 20981002
- DOI
- 10.1038/clpt.2010.175
- PMCID
- PMC3738009
Drug addiction remains a substantial health issue with limited treatment options currently available. Despite considerable advances in the understanding of human genetic architecture, the genetic underpinning of complex disorders remains elusive. On the basis of our current understanding of neurobiology, numerous candidate genes have been implicated in the etiology and response to treatment for different addictions. Genome-wide association (GWA) studies have also identified novel targets. However, replication of these studies is often lacking, and this complicates interpretation. The situation is expected to improve as issues such as phenotypic characterization, the apparent "missing heritability," the identification of functional variants, and possible gene-environment (G × E) interactions are addressed. In addition, there is growing evidence that genetic information can be useful in refining the choice of addiction treatment. As genetic testing becomes more common in the practice of medicine, a variety of ethical and practical challenges, some of which are unique to drug addiction, will also need to be considered.
| # | Section | Preview |
|---|---|---|
| 40 | Genes and addiction – where do we go from here? — F) Re-emergence of family linkage studies | it more difficult to isolate the signal associated with disease outcomes. Nevertheless, in… |
| 41 | How can genetic information be applied to drug addiction? — A) Significant pharmacogenetic impacts on drug addiction | There are several studies where functional genetic variants were found to have a clinically relevant… |
| 42 | How can genetic information be applied to drug addiction? — A) Significant pharmacogenetic impacts on drug addiction | The discovery of functional polymorphisms in alcohol dehydrogenase IB (ADH1B) and aldehyde… |
| 43 | How can genetic information be applied to drug addiction? — A) Significant pharmacogenetic impacts on drug addiction | shown that genetic polymorphisms in ADH1B and ALDH2 that have functional impacts on enzyme function… |
| 44 | How can genetic information be applied to drug addiction? — A) Significant pharmacogenetic impacts on drug addiction | Similarly, genetic variants in the mu-opioid receptor have significant implications in drug… |
| 45 | How can genetic information be applied to drug addiction? — A) Significant pharmacogenetic impacts on drug addiction | mu-opioid receptor, such as stress responsivity and pain perception. Processes related to abnormal… |
| 46 | How can genetic information be applied to drug addiction? — A) Significant pharmacogenetic impacts on drug addiction | It has been demonstrated that smokers titrate levels of smoking in order to maintain a particular… |
| 47 | How can genetic information be applied to drug addiction? — B) Genetic testing in the prevention of drug addiction | Genetic testing already has important clinical applications in the prevention of diseases. Screening… |
| 48 | How can genetic information be applied to drug addiction? — B) Genetic testing in the prevention of drug addiction | While it may be difficult to incorporate genetic testing into drug prevention programs, genetic… |
| 49 | How can genetic information be applied to drug addiction? — C) Genetic testing in the treatment of drug addiction | Once an individual is addicted, the current clinical options for treatment are rather limited and… |
| 50 | How can genetic information be applied to drug addiction? — C) Genetic testing in the treatment of drug addiction | consistently. Other pharmacogenetic studies have examined treatment response for alcohol or opiate… |
| 51 | How can genetic information be applied to drug addiction? — C) Genetic testing in the treatment of drug addiction | A few genetic tests to optimize medical treatments in psychiatry, either by enhancing therapeutic… |
| 52 | How can genetic information be applied to drug addiction? — C) Genetic testing in the treatment of drug addiction | procedures are cost-effective compared to standard care. Such economic analyses have already been… |
| 53 | Challenges & barriers to genetic research in drug addiction — A) Informatics | A plethora of data can now be generated via GWA studies, RNA expression studies based on microarrays… |
| 54 | Challenges & barriers to genetic research in drug addiction — A) Informatics | The IT challenge exists at several levels: planning (such as the informatics required to generate… |
| 55 | Challenges & barriers to genetic research in drug addiction — A) Informatics | Every individual’s DNA is unique and can be potentially used as an identifier; thus measures need… |
| 56 | Challenges & barriers to genetic research in drug addiction — A) Informatics | Clearly, collaborations between biologists, statisticians and IT specialists will be needed to best… |
| 57 | Challenges & barriers to genetic research in drug addiction — B) Practical issues of implementing genetic testing | The use of genetic testing in medicine has been the subject of much debate. As the day of whole… |
| 58 | Challenges & barriers to genetic research in drug addiction — B) Practical issues of implementing genetic testing | Another issue entails provision of funding and resources for genetic research in addictions.… |
| 59 | Challenges & barriers to genetic research in drug addiction — B) Practical issues of implementing genetic testing | to profit from unsound or presently un-validated genetic tests. The commercialization of genetic… |
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