Heritability of cardiovascular and personality traits in 6,148 Sardinians.
paper
Cited
Public
- Authors
- Pilia, Giuseppe; Chen, Wei-Min; Scuteri, Angelo; Orrú, Marco; Albai, Giuseppe; Dei, Mariano; Lai, Sandra; Usala, Gianluca; Lai, Monica; Loi, Paola; Mameli, Cinzia; Vacca, Loredana; Deiana, Manila; Olla, Nazario; Masala, Marco; Cao, Antonio; Najjar, Samer S; Terracciano, Antonio; Nedorezov, Timur; Sharov, Alexei; Zonderman, Alan B; Abecasis, Gonçalo R; Costa, Paul; Lakatta, Edward; Schlessinger, David
- Year
- 2006
- Journal
- PLoS genetics
- PMID
- 16934002
- DOI
- 10.1371/journal.pgen.0020132
- PMCID
- PMC1557782
In family studies, phenotypic similarities between relatives yield information on the overall contribution of genes to trait variation. Large samples are important for these family studies, especially when comparing heritability between subgroups such as young and old, or males and females. We recruited a cohort of 6,148 participants, aged 14-102 y, from four clustered towns in Sardinia. The cohort includes 34,469 relative pairs. To extract genetic information, we implemented software for variance components heritability analysis, designed to handle large pedigrees, analyze multiple traits simultaneously, and model heterogeneity. Here, we report heritability analyses for 98 quantitative traits, focusing on facets of personality and cardiovascular function. We also summarize results of bivariate analyses for all pairs of traits and of heterogeneity analyses for each trait. We found a significant genetic component for every trait. On average, genetic effects explained 40% of the variance for 38 blood tests, 51% for five anthropometric measures, 25% for 20 measures of cardiovascular function, and 19% for 35 personality traits. Four traits showed significant evidence for an X-linked component. Bivariate analyses suggested overlapping genetic determinants for many traits, including multiple personality facets and several traits related to the metabolic syndrome; but we found no evidence for shared genetic determinants that might underlie the reported association of some personality traits and cardiovascular risk factors. Models allowing for heterogeneity suggested that, in this cohort, the genetic variance was typically larger in females and in younger individuals, but interesting exceptions were observed. For example, narrow heritability of blood pressure was approximately 26% in individuals more than 42 y old, but only approximately 8% in younger individuals. Despite the heterogeneity in effect sizes, the same loci appear to contribute to variance in young and old, and in males and females. In summary, we find significant evidence for heritability of many medically important traits, including cardiovascular function and personality. Evidence for heterogeneity by age and sex suggests that models allowing for these differences will be important in mapping quantitative traits.
Age, Sex, and Birthplace Distribution for Participants(A) Shows the number of recruited females (black bars) and males (white bars) from the four clustered towns.(B) Shows the birthplace distribution of participants, in progressively larger geographic units: Lanusei, L.I.E.A. (Lanusei and the three surrounding towns of Ilbono, Elini, and Arzana), the Lanusei valley, the region of Ogliastra, the province of Nuoro, and all of Sardinia.(C) Shows the birthplace distribution for grandparents of participants in the same progressively larger geographic units.
Distribution of Six Illustrative Traits in Male and Female ParticipantsRelative densities are plotted for males (solid lines) and females (dashed lines) for two serum values (cholesterol levels [A] and HDL [B]), two measures of cardiovascular function (IMT of the carotid artery [C] and PWV [D]), and two personality facets (NEO_N3 [E] and NEO_O5 [F]). A complete set of plots, including all traits, is available online (http://www.sph.umich.edu/csg/chen/public/sardinia).
Illustrative Quantitative Traits Plotted as a Function of AgeThese are the same traits as in Figure 2. All values are plotted, and polynomial regression curves fitted to the data show inferred trends for males (solid red lines) and females (dashed blue lines) with increasing age. A complete set of plots, allowing for all traits, is available online (http://www.sph.umich.edu/csg/chen/public/sardinia).
Clustering of Genetic CorrelationsThe 98 quantative traits are classified into clusters inferred from genetic correlations between any two traits, with an βaverageβ distance measure used in the clustering algorithm. Classes of traits are color-coded as personality (red), serum composition (blue), cardiovascular (black), and anthropometric (green). Overlap of the apparent genetic contribution to variance is indicated on the ordinate, with larger overlaps towards the bottom. Eighteen values exceed 50% overlap (see text).
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| No evidence of association between subclinical thyroid disorders and common carotid intima medial thickness or atherosclerotic plaque. | Delitala AP et al. | β | 2015 | β |
| Novel genes in LDL metabolism--a comprehensive overview. | Christoffersen M et al. | β | 2015 | β |
| On the Estimation of Heritability with Family-Based and Population-Based Samples. | Kim Y et al. | β | 2015 | β |
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| Rare variant genotype imputation with thousands of study-specific whole-genome sequences: implications for cost-effective study designs. | Pistis G et al. | β | 2015 | β |
| Serum free thyroxine levels are positively associated with arterial stiffness in the SardiNIA study. | Delitala AP et al. | β | 2015 | β |
| Sex-Specific Parental Effects on Offspring Lipid Levels. | Predazzi IM et al. | β | 2015 | β |
| The genetic and environmental roots of variance in negativity toward foreign nationals. | Kandler C et al. | β | 2015 | β |
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| Are personality traits associated with white-coat and masked hypertension? | Terracciano A et al. | β | 2014 | β |
| From genome-wide association study hits to new insights into experimental hematology. | Cvejic A | β | 2014 | β |
| Genome-wide association study identifies common loci influencing circulating glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels in non-diabetic subjects: the Long Life Family Study (LLFS). | An P et al. | β | 2014 | β |
| Genome-wide association study identifies variants in PMS1 associated with serum ferritin in a Chinese population. | Liao M et al. | β | 2014 | β |
| Identification of four novel genes contributing to familial elevated plasma HDL cholesterol in humans. | Singaraja RR et al. | β | 2014 | β |
| Identification of novel genetic Loci associated with thyroid peroxidase antibodies and clinical thyroid disease. | Medici M et al. | β | 2014 | β |
| Impulsivity is associated with uric acid: evidence from humans and mice. | Sutin AR et al. | β | 2014 | β |
| Lessons and Implications from Genome-Wide Association Studies (GWAS) Findings of Blood Cell Phenotypes. | Chami N et al. | β | 2014 | β |
| Longitudinal perspective on the conundrum of central arterial stiffness, blood pressure, and aging. | Scuteri A et al. | β | 2014 | β |
| Multisystem component phenotypes of bipolar disorder for genetic investigations of extended pedigrees. | Fears SC et al. | β | 2014 | β |
| Pathway analysis of genome-wide association study on serum prostate-specific antigen levels. | Ge YZ et al. | β | 2014 | β |
| Personality traits and circadian blood pressure patterns: a 7-year prospective study. | Terracciano A et al. | β | 2014 | β |
| Personality Traits in Rhesus Macaques (<i>Macaca mulatta</i>) Are Heritable but Do Not Predict Reproductive Output. | Brent LJ et al. | β | 2014 | β |
| Phosphodiesterase 3A rs7134375 single nucleotide polymorphism and serum lipid levels. | Wang W et al. | β | 2014 | β |
| Prediction of fetal hemoglobin in sickle cell anemia using an ensemble of genetic risk prediction models. | Milton JN et al. | β | 2014 | β |
| Prevalence of CKD and its relationship to eGFR-related genetic loci and clinical risk factors in the SardiNIA study cohort. | Pani A et al. | β | 2014 | β |
| Prevalence of unknown thyroid disorders in a Sardinian cohort. | Delitala AP et al. | β | 2014 | β |
| Sardinians genetic background explained by runs of homozygosity and genomic regions under positive selection. | Di Gaetano C et al. | β | 2014 | β |
| Systematic evaluation of coding variation identifies a candidate causal variant in TM6SF2 influencing total cholesterol and myocardial infarction risk. | Holmen OL et al. | β | 2014 | β |
| The epidemiology and clinical implications of genetic variation in prostate cancer. | Helfand BT et al. | β | 2014 | β |
| Trans-ethnic meta-analysis of white blood cell phenotypes. | Keller MF et al. | β | 2014 | β |
| Whole-exome sequencing identifies rare and low-frequency coding variants associated with LDL cholesterol. | Lange LA et al. | β | 2014 | β |
| A genome-wide association study of depressive symptoms. | Hek K et al. | β | 2013 | β |
| A meta-analysis of thyroid-related traits reveals novel loci and gender-specific differences in the regulation of thyroid function. | Porcu E et al. | β | 2013 | β |
| A polymorphic 3'UTR element in ATP1B1 regulates alternative polyadenylation and is associated with blood pressure. | Prasad MK et al. | β | 2013 | β |
| Association between apolipoprotein E gene polymorphism and the risk of coronary artery disease in Chinese population: evidence from a meta-analysis of 40 studies. | Yin YW et al. | β | 2013 | β |
| Association study of CD36 single nucleotide polymorphisms with essential hypertension in the Northeastern Han Chinese. | Liu X et al. | β | 2013 | β |
| Bringing prevention in geriatrics: evidences from cardiovascular medicine supporting the new challenge. | Scuteri A et al. | β | 2013 | β |
| Do genetic modifiers of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and triglyceride levels also modify their response to a lifestyle intervention in the setting of obesity and type-2 diabetes mellitus?: The Action for Health in Diabetes (Look AHEAD) study. | Huggins GS et al. | β | 2013 | β |
| ELANE mutations in cyclic and severe congenital neutropenia: genetics and pathophysiology. | Horwitz MS et al. | β | 2013 | β |
| Environmental and genetic contribution to hypertension prevalence: data from an epidemiological survey on Sardinian genetic isolates. | Biino G et al. | β | 2013 | β |
| Genetics of serum BDNF: meta-analysis of the Val66Met and genome-wide association study. | Terracciano A et al. | β | 2013 | β |
| Genetic variants in genes related to lipid metabolism and atherosclerosis, dyslipidemia and atorvastatin response. | Rodrigues AC et al. | β | 2013 | β |
| Genetic variants regulating immune cell levels in health and disease. | OrrΓΉ V et al. | β | 2013 | β |
| Genome-wide association study meta-analysis reveals transethnic replication of mean arterial and pulse pressure loci. | Kelly TN et al. | β | 2013 | β |
| Genome-wide association study of personality traits in the long life family study. | Bae HT et al. | β | 2013 | β |
| GWAS of 126,559 individuals identifies genetic variants associated with educational attainment. | Rietveld CA et al. | β | 2013 | β |
| Heritability of metabolic syndrome traits in a large population-based sample. | van Dongen J et al. | β | 2013 | β |
| Meta-analysis of telomere length in 19,713 subjects reveals high heritability, stronger maternal inheritance and a paternal age effect. | Broer L et al. | β | 2013 | β |
| Personality traits and leptin. | Sutin AR et al. | β | 2013 | β |
| Personalized prostate specific antigen testing using genetic variants may reduce unnecessary prostate biopsies. | Helfand BT et al. | β | 2013 | β |
| Polygenic modeling with bayesian sparse linear mixed models. | Zhou X et al. | β | 2013 | β |
| Positive association between GCKR rs780093 polymorphism and coronary heart disease in the aged Han Chinese. | Lian J et al. | β | 2013 | β |
| SHAVE: shrinkage estimator measured for multiple visits increases power in GWAS of quantitative traits. | Meirelles OD et al. | β | 2013 | β |
| The association between the Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme-2 gene and blood pressure in a cohort study of adolescents. | Malard L et al. | β | 2013 | β |
| The Contribution of the Framingham Heart Study to Gene Identification for Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Coronary Heart Disease. | Ehret GB | β | 2013 | β |
| The genetic architecture of liver enzyme levels: GGT, ALT and AST. | van Beek JH et al. | β | 2013 | β |
| The role of eosinophils and basophils in allergic diseases considering genetic findings. | Nadif R et al. | β | 2013 | β |
| Use of systems biology approaches to analysis of genome-wide association studies of myocardial infarction and blood cholesterol in the nurses' health study and health professionals' follow-up study. | Reilly D et al. | β | 2013 | β |
| Using extended genealogy to estimate components of heritability for 23 quantitative and dichotomous traits. | Zaitlen N et al. | β | 2013 | β |
| Whole-exome sequencing of 2,000 Danish individuals and the role of rare coding variants in type 2 diabetes. | Lohmueller KE et al. | β | 2013 | β |
| A genome-wide association scan on the levels of markers of inflammation in Sardinians reveals associations that underpin its complex regulation. | Naitza S et al. | β | 2012 | β |
| A genome-wide association study of monozygotic twin-pairs suggests a locus related to variability of serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. | Surakka I et al. | β | 2012 | β |
| A likelihood-based framework for variant calling and de novo mutation detection in families. | Li B et al. | β | 2012 | β |
| Association of glycosylated hemoglobin with the gene encoding CDKAL1 in the Korean Association Resource (KARE) study. | Ryu J et al. | β | 2012 | β |
| Association of MYLIP rs3757354 SNP and several environmental factors with serum lipid levels in the Guangxi Bai Ku Yao and Han populations. | Yan TT et al. | β | 2012 | β |
| Association of TMPRSS6 polymorphisms with ferritin, hemoglobin, and type 2 diabetes risk in a Chinese Han population. | Gan W et al. | β | 2012 | β |
| Associations of large artery structure and function with adiposity: effects of age, gender, and hypertension. The SardiNIA Study. | Scuteri A et al. | β | 2012 | β |
| Broad bandwidth or high fidelity? Evidence from the structure of genetic and environmental effects on the facets of the five factor model. | Briley DA et al. | β | 2012 | β |
| Deletion of CDKAL1 affects high-fat diet-induced fat accumulation and glucose-stimulated insulin secretion in mice, indicating relevance to diabetes. | Okamura T et al. | β | 2012 | β |
| Effectiveness of the combined evaluation of KLK3 genetics and free-to-total prostate specific antigen ratio for prostate cancer diagnosis. | Zambon CF et al. | β | 2012 | β |
| Finding genes and variants for lipid levels after genome-wide association analysis. | Willer CJ et al. | β | 2012 | β |
| Genetic and environmental relationships between Framingham Risk Score and adiposity measures in Koreans: the Healthy Twin study. | Song Y et al. | β | 2012 | β |
| Genome-wide linkage and association scans for pulse pressure in Chinese twins. | Zhang D et al. | β | 2012 | β |
| Heritability and whole genome linkage of pulse pressure in chinese twin pairs. | Jiang W et al. | β | 2012 | β |
| Heritability of serum sodium concentration: evidence for sex- and ethnic-specific effects. | Wilmot B et al. | β | 2012 | β |
| Impulsivity-related traits are associated with higher white blood cell counts. | Sutin AR et al. | β | 2012 | β |
| Increased mitochondrial DNA copy number in occupations associated with low-dose benzene exposure. | Carugno M et al. | β | 2012 | β |
| Intra-familial aggregation and heritability of aortic versus brachial pulse pressure after imputing pretreatment values in a community of African ancestry. | Redelinghuys M et al. | β | 2012 | β |
| Meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies for personality. | de Moor MH et al. | β | 2012 | β |
| Personality as a risk factor for the metabolic syndrome: a systematic review. | Mommersteeg PM et al. | β | 2012 | β |
| Rat chromosome 8 confers protection against dyslipidemia caused by a high-fat/low-carbohydrate diet. | Woods LCS et al. | β | 2012 | β |
| Reevaluation of the association of seven candidate genes with blood pressure and hypertension: a replication study and meta-analysis with a larger sample size. | Takeuchi F et al. | β | 2012 | β |
| Sex differences in genetic architecture of complex phenotypes? | Vink JM et al. | β | 2012 | β |
| The majority of genetic variation in orangutan personality and subjective well-being is nonadditive. | Adams MJ et al. | β | 2012 | β |
| The metabochip, a custom genotyping array for genetic studies of metabolic, cardiovascular, and anthropometric traits. | Voight BF et al. | β | 2012 | β |
| The search for genetic modifiers of disease severity in the Ξ²-hemoglobinopathies. | Lettre G | β | 2012 | β |
| Effects of SNPs at newly identified lipids loci on blood lipid levels and risk of coronary heart disease in Chinese Han population: a case control study. | Zhuang K et al. | β | 2011 | β |
| Ethnic differences in age-related changes of postpartum hemoglobin levels. | Rubin E et al. | β | 2011 | β |
| Fine mapping of five loci associated with low-density lipoprotein cholesterol detects variants that double the explained heritability. | Sanna S et al. | β | 2011 | β |
| Genetic determinants of variability in glycated hemoglobin (HbA(1c)) in humans: review of recent progress and prospects for use in diabetes care. | Soranzo N | β | 2011 | β |
| Genetic loci associated with lipid concentrations and cardiovascular risk factors in the Korean population. | Park MH et al. | β | 2011 | β |
| Genetics and genomics of human ageing. | Wheeler HE et al. | β | 2011 | β |
| Genetic variants at newly identified lipid loci are associated with coronary heart disease in a Chinese Han population. | Zhou L et al. | β | 2011 | β |
| Genetic variation in angiotensin II type 2 receptor gene influences extent of left ventricular hypertrophy in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy independent of blood pressure. | Carstens N et al. | β | 2011 | β |
| Genetic variations in CYP17A1, CACNB2 and PLEKHA7 are associated with blood pressure and/or hypertension in She ethnic minority of China. | Lin Y et al. | β | 2011 | β |
| Genomewide analysis of inherited variation associated with phosphorylation of PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling proteins. | Hutz JE et al. | β | 2011 | β |
| Genome-wide association studies of atrial fibrillation: past, present, and future. | Sinner MF et al. | β | 2011 | β |
| Genome-wide association studies of the PR interval in African Americans. | Smith JG et al. | β | 2011 | β |
| Genome-wide association study of white blood cell count in 16,388 African Americans: the continental origins and genetic epidemiology network (COGENT). | Reiner AP et al. | β | 2011 | β |
| Heritability of problem drinking and the genetic overlap with personality in a general population sample. | de Moor MH et al. | β | 2011 | β |
| Identification of a common variant in the TFR2 gene implicated in the physiological regulation of serum iron levels. | Pichler I et al. | β | 2011 | β |
| Identification of low-frequency variants associated with gout and serum uric acid levels. | Sulem P et al. | β | 2011 | β |
| Identifying variants that contribute to linkage for dichotomous and quantitative traits in extended pedigrees. | Chen WM et al. | β | 2011 | β |
| Independent and additive effects of cytokine patterns and the metabolic syndrome on arterial aging in the SardiNIA Study. | Scuteri A et al. | β | 2011 | β |
| Internal consistency, retest reliability, and their implications for personality scale validity. | McCrae RR et al. | β | 2011 | β |
| Meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies identifies common variants in CTNNA2 associated with excitement-seeking. | Terracciano A et al. | β | 2011 | β |
| Multiple loci are associated with white blood cell phenotypes. | Nalls MA et al. | β | 2011 | β |
| Personality traits prospectively predict verbal fluency in a lifespan sample. | Sutin AR et al. | β | 2011 | β |
| Recent success in the discovery of coronary artery disease genes. | Roberts R et al. | β | 2011 | β |
| Sex-specific association of rs16996148 SNP in the NCAN/CILP2/PBX4 and serum lipid levels in the Mulao and Han populations. | Yan TT et al. | β | 2011 | β |
| Studying the altered timing of physiological events during development: it's about timeβ¦or is it? | Spicer JI et al. | β | 2011 | β |
| The genetic association between personality and major depression or bipolar disorder. A polygenic score analysis using genome-wide association data. | Middeldorp CM et al. | β | 2011 | β |
| The genetics of common variation affecting platelet development, function and pharmaceutical targeting. | Johnson AD | β | 2011 | β |
| The R563Q mutation of the epithelial sodium channel beta-subunit is associated with hypertension. | Jones ES et al. | β | 2011 | β |
| A genome-wide association analysis of serum iron concentrations. | Tanaka T et al. | β | 2010 | β |
| An alternative to the search for single polymorphisms: toward molecular personality scales for the five-factor model. | McCrae RR et al. | β | 2010 | β |
| Association between CETP Taq1B and LIPC -514C/T polymorphisms with the serum lipid levels in a group of Tehran's population: a cross sectional study. | Kashani Farid MA et al. | β | 2010 | β |
| Association of a common G6PC2 variant with fasting plasma glucose levels in non-diabetic individuals. | Demirci FY et al. | β | 2010 | β |
| Association of early repolarization pattern on ECG with risk of cardiac and all-cause mortality: a population-based prospective cohort study (MONICA/KORA). | Sinner MF et al. | β | 2010 | β |
| BDNF Val66Met is associated with introversion and interacts with 5-HTTLPR to influence neuroticism. | Terracciano A et al. | β | 2010 | β |
| Blood pressure and hypertension are associated with 7 loci in the Japanese population. | Takeuchi F et al. | β | 2010 | β |
| Cholesterol, triglycerides, and the Five-Factor Model of personality. | Sutin AR et al. | β | 2010 | β |
| Common variants at 10 genomic loci influence hemoglobin Aβ(C) levels via glycemic and nonglycemic pathways. | Soranzo N et al. | β | 2010 | β |
| Common variants at the GCK, GCKR, G6PC2-ABCB11 and MTNR1B loci are associated with fasting glucose in two Asian populations. | Takeuchi F et al. | β | 2010 | β |
| Dyslipidemia in HIV-infected individuals: from pharmacogenetics to pharmacogenomics. | Tarr PE et al. | β | 2010 | β |
| Effects of PCSK9 genetic variants on plasma LDL cholesterol levels and risk of premature myocardial infarction in the Italian population. | Guella I et al. | β | 2010 | β |
| Epigenetics as a unifying principle in the aetiology of complex traits and diseases. | Petronis A | β | 2010 | β |
| Evaluating gene by sex and age interactions on cardiovascular risk factors in Brazilian families. | Giolo SR et al. | β | 2010 | β |
| Fine-mapping at three loci known to affect fetal hemoglobin levels explains additional genetic variation. | Galarneau G et al. | β | 2010 | β |
| Genetic architecture of plasma adiponectin overlaps with the genetics of metabolic syndrome-related traits. | Henneman P et al. | β | 2010 | β |
| Genetic correction of PSA values using sequence variants associated with PSA levels. | Gudmundsson J et al. | β | 2010 | β |
| Genetics of coronary artery disease. | Musunuru K et al. | β | 2010 | β |
| Genome-wide association scan for five major dimensions of personality. | Terracciano A et al. | β | 2010 | β |
| Genome-wide association scan of trait depression. | Terracciano A et al. | β | 2010 | β |
| Genome-wide association studies: contribution of genomics to understanding blood pressure and essential hypertension. | Ehret GB | β | 2010 | β |
| Genome-wide association studies of serum magnesium, potassium, and sodium concentrations identify six Loci influencing serum magnesium levels. | Meyer TE et al. | β | 2010 | β |
| Genome-wide association study of PR interval. | Pfeufer A et al. | β | 2010 | β |
| Haplotype analysis of the promoter region of phosphodiesterase type 8B (PDE8B) in correlation with inactivating PDE8B mutation and the serum thyroid-stimulating hormone levels. | Horvath A et al. | β | 2010 | β |
| High neuroticism and low conscientiousness are associated with interleukin-6. | Sutin AR et al. | β | 2010 | β |
| History, geography and population structure influence the distribution and heritability of blood and anthropometric quantitative traits in nine Sardinian genetic isolates. | Portas L et al. | β | 2010 | β |
| Measuring selection in contemporary human populations. | Stearns SC et al. | β | 2010 | β |
| Meta-analysis and imputation refines the association of 15q25 with smoking quantity. | Liu JZ et al. | β | 2010 | β |
| Metabonomics and population studies: age-related amino acids excretion and inferring networks through the study of urine samples in two Italian isolated populations. | D'Adamo P et al. | β | 2010 | β |
| Modifier genes in Mendelian disorders: the example of hemoglobin disorders. | Sankaran VG et al. | β | 2010 | β |
| Personality and metabolic syndrome. | Sutin AR et al. | β | 2010 | β |
| Sex-specific correlates of walking speed in a wide age-ranged population. | Tolea MI et al. | β | 2010 | β |
| The central arterial burden of the metabolic syndrome is similar in men and women: the SardiNIA Study. | Scuteri A et al. | β | 2010 | β |
| Trait antagonism and the progression of arterial thickening: women with antagonistic traits have similar carotid arterial thickness as men. | Sutin AR et al. | β | 2010 | β |
| Variance component model to account for sample structure in genome-wide association studies. | Kang HM et al. | β | 2010 | β |
| Abnormal blood pressure response to exercise occurs more frequently in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy patients with the R92W troponin T mutation than in those with myosin mutations. | Heradien M et al. | β | 2009 | β |
| Age- and gender-specific awareness, treatment, and control of cardiovascular risk factors and subclinical vascular lesions in a founder population: the SardiNIA Study. | Scuteri A et al. | β | 2009 | β |
| A generalized family-based association test for dichotomous traits. | Chen WM et al. | β | 2009 | β |
| Cardiovascular response to beta-adrenergic blockade or activation in 23 inbred mouse strains. | Berthonneche C et al. | β | 2009 | β |
| COL4A1 is associated with arterial stiffness by genome-wide association scan. | Tarasov KV et al. | β | 2009 | β |
| Common variants at ten loci modulate the QT interval duration in the QTSCD Study. | Pfeufer A et al. | β | 2009 | β |
| Common variants in the SLCO1B3 locus are associated with bilirubin levels and unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia. | Sanna S et al. | β | 2009 | β |
| Effects of the FTO gene on lifestyle intervention studies in children. | Rendo T et al. | β | 2009 | β |
| Facets of personality linked to underweight and overweight. | Terracciano A et al. | β | 2009 | β |
| Genetic basis of hypertension for the development of tailored medicine. | Katsuya T et al. | β | 2009 | β |
| Genetic determinants of height growth assessed longitudinally from infancy to adulthood in the northern Finland birth cohort 1966. | Sovio U et al. | β | 2009 | β |
| Genome-wide association study in humans. | Smith JG et al. | β | 2009 | β |
| Genome-wide association study of biochemical traits in Korcula Island, Croatia. | Zemunik T et al. | β | 2009 | β |
| Genome-wide association study of plasma polyunsaturated fatty acids in the InCHIANTI Study. | Tanaka T et al. | β | 2009 | β |
| Genome-wide association study of vitamin B6, vitamin B12, folate, and homocysteine blood concentrations. | Tanaka T et al. | β | 2009 | β |
| Genotype imputation. | Li Y et al. | β | 2009 | β |
| Heritability and demographic analyses in the large isolated population of Val Borbera suggest advantages in mapping complex traits genes. | Traglia M et al. | β | 2009 | β |
| Identification of genetic variants associated with response to statin therapy. | Mega JL et al. | β | 2009 | β |
| Large scale replication analysis of loci associated with lipid concentrations in a Japanese population. | Nakayama K et al. | β | 2009 | β |
| Loci influencing lipid levels and coronary heart disease risk in 16 European population cohorts. | Aulchenko YS et al. | β | 2009 | β |
| Neuropsychological status of bipolar I disorder: impact of psychosis. | Savitz J et al. | β | 2009 | β |
| Population-based genomewide genetic analysis of common clinical chemistry analytes. | Chasman DI et al. | β | 2009 | β |
| Using new tools to define the genetic underpinnings of risky traits associated with coronary artery disease: the SardiNIA study. | Strait JB et al. | β | 2009 | β |
| Variants of the serotonin transporter gene and NEO-PI-R Neuroticism: No association in the BLSA and SardiNIA samples. | Terracciano A et al. | β | 2009 | β |
| Common variants in the GDF5-UQCC region are associated with variation in human height. | Sanna S et al. | β | 2008 | β |
| Concept, design and implementation of a cardiovascular gene-centric 50 k SNP array for large-scale genomic association studies. | Keating BJ et al. | β | 2008 | β |
| DNA polymorphisms at the BCL11A, HBS1L-MYB, and beta-globin loci associate with fetal hemoglobin levels and pain crises in sickle cell disease. | Lettre G et al. | β | 2008 | β |
| Estimates of genetic and environmental contribution to 43 quantitative traits support sharing of a homogeneous environment in an isolated population from South Tyrol, Italy. | Marroni F et al. | β | 2008 | β |
| Five-Factor Model personality profiles of drug users. | Terracciano A et al. | β | 2008 | β |
| Gender differences in genetic risk profiles for cardiovascular disease. | Silander K et al. | β | 2008 | β |
| Genetic variation in angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 gene is associated with extent of left ventricular hypertrophy in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. | van der Merwe L et al. | β | 2008 | β |
| Genome-wide association study shows BCL11A associated with persistent fetal hemoglobin and amelioration of the phenotype of beta-thalassemia. | Uda M et al. | β | 2008 | β |
| Heritability of human hookworm infection in Papua New Guinea. | Breitling LP et al. | β | 2008 | β |
| Identification of ten loci associated with height highlights new biological pathways in human growth. | Lettre G et al. | β | 2008 | β |
| Metabolic and cardiovascular traits: an abundance of recently identified common genetic variants. | Mohlke KL et al. | β | 2008 | β |
| Newly identified loci that influence lipid concentrations and risk of coronary artery disease. | Willer CJ et al. | β | 2008 | β |
| Phosphodiesterase 8B gene variants are associated with serum TSH levels and thyroid function. | Arnaud-Lopez L et al. | β | 2008 | β |
| Troponin T and beta-myosin mutations have distinct cardiac functional effects in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy patients without hypertrophy. | Revera M et al. | β | 2008 | β |
| Variations in the G6PC2/ABCB11 genomic region are associated with fasting glucose levels. | Chen WM et al. | β | 2008 | β |
| What can the genome tell us about LDL cholesterol? | Krauss RM | β | 2008 | β |
| Associations between eating competence and cardiovascular disease biomarkers. | Psota TL et al. | β | 2007 | β |
| Family-based association tests for genomewide association scans. | Chen WM et al. | β | 2007 | β |
| Genome-wide association scan shows genetic variants in the FTO gene are associated with obesity-related traits. | Scuteri A et al. | β | 2007 | β |
| Genome-wide association with select biomarker traits in the Framingham Heart Study. | Benjamin EJ et al. | β | 2007 | β |
| Heritability of type-D personality. | Kupper N et al. | β | 2007 | β |
| The genetic study of three population microisolates in South Tyrol (MICROS): study design and epidemiological perspectives. | Pattaro C et al. | β | 2007 | β |
| The GLUT9 gene is associated with serum uric acid levels in Sardinia and Chianti cohorts. | Li S et al. | β | 2007 | β |