An overview of the first 5 years of the ENIGMA obsessive-compulsive disorder working group: The power of worldwide collaboration.
paper
Cited
Public
- Authors
- van den Heuvel, Odile A; Boedhoe, Premika S W; Bertolin, Sara; Bruin, Willem B; Francks, Clyde; Ivanov, Iliyan; Jahanshad, Neda; Kong, Xiang-Zhen; Kwon, Jun Soo; O'Neill, Joseph; Paus, Tomas; Patel, Yash; Piras, Fabrizio; Schmaal, Lianne; Soriano-Mas, Carles; Spalletta, Gianfranco; van Wingen, Guido A; Yun, Je-Yeon; Vriend, Chris; Simpson, H Blair; van Rooij, Daan; Hoexter, Marcelo Q; Hoogman, Martine; Buitelaar, Jan K; Arnold, Paul; Beucke, Jan C; Benedetti, Francesco; Bollettini, Irene; Bose, Anushree; Brennan, Brian P; De Nadai, Alessandro S; Fitzgerald, Kate; Gruner, Patricia; Grünblatt, Edna; Hirano, Yoshiyuki; Huyser, Chaim; James, Anthony; Koch, Kathrin; Kvale, Gerd; Lazaro, Luisa; Lochner, Christine; Marsh, Rachel; Mataix-Cols, David; Morgado, Pedro; Nakamae, Takashi; Nakao, Tomohiro; Narayanaswamy, Janardhanan C; Nurmi, Erika; Pittenger, Christopher; Reddy, Y C Janardhan; Sato, João R; Soreni, Noam; Stewart, S Evelyn; Taylor, Stephan F; Tolin, David; Thomopoulos, Sophia I; Veltman, Dick J; Venkatasubramanian, Ganesan; Walitza, Susanne; Wang, Zhen; Thompson, Paul M; Stein, Dan J; ENIGMA-OCD working group
- Year
- 2022
- Journal
- Human brain mapping
- PMID
- 32154629
- DOI
- 10.1002/hbm.24972
- PMCID
- PMC8675414
Neuroimaging has played an important part in advancing our understanding of the neurobiology of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). At the same time, neuroimaging studies of OCD have had notable limitations, including reliance on relatively small samples. International collaborative efforts to increase statistical power by combining samples from across sites have been bolstered by the ENIGMA consortium; this provides specific technical expertise for conducting multi-site analyses, as well as access to a collaborative community of neuroimaging scientists. In this article, we outline the background to, development of, and initial findings from ENIGMA's OCD working group, which currently consists of 47 samples from 34 institutes in 15 countries on 5 continents, with a total sample of 2,323 OCD patients and 2,325 healthy controls. Initial work has focused on studies of cortical thickness and subcortical volumes, structural connectivity, and brain lateralization in children, adolescents and adults with OCD, also including the study on the commonalities and distinctions across different neurodevelopment disorders. Additional work is ongoing, employing machine learning techniques. Findings to date have contributed to the development of neurobiological models of OCD, have provided an important model of global scientific collaboration, and have had a number of clinical implications. Importantly, our work has shed new light on questions about whether structural and functional alterations found in OCD reflect neurodevelopmental changes, effects of the disease process, or medication impacts. We conclude with a summary of ongoing work by ENIGMA-OCD, and a consideration of future directions for neuroimaging research on OCD within and beyond ENIGMA.
World map showing the 34 institutes participating in the ENIGMA‐OCD consortium
Summary of the subcortical volume effects in ENIGMA‐OCD (based on Boedhoe et al., 2017Am J Psychiatry)
Summary of the cortical thickness effects in adult OCD patients compared to healthy controls in ENIGMA‐OCD, in relation to medication status (based on Boedhoe et al., 2018Am J Psychiatry). Negative effect sizes d (ranging from light orange d = −0.05 to dark red d = −0.15) indicate thinner cortex in OCD compared to controls
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In this knowledge base
| Title | Year | PMID |
|---|---|---|
| Genome-wide analyses identify 30 loci associated with obsessive-compulsive disorder. | 2025 | 40360802 |
External
| Title | Authors | Journal | Year | Link |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Altered brain activity and connectivity in adolescent obsessive-compulsive disorder and their correlations with perceived parental rearing patterns: A resting-state fMRI study. | Li K et al. | — | 2026 | → |
| Altered frontal and occipital cortical microstructure in obsessive-compulsive disorder - a multisite mega-analysis. | Thorsen AL et al. | — | 2026 | → |
| Executive Function in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: A Worldwide Mega-Analysis of Task-Based Functional Neuroimaging Data of the ENIGMA-OCD Consortium. | Džinalija N et al. | — | 2026 | → |
| Structural Brain Correlates of Childhood Inhibited Temperament: An ENIGMA-Anxiety Mega-Analysis. | Bas-Hoogendam JM et al. | — | 2026 | → |
| Clinical and Neuroimaging Effects of Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy for Symptomatic Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Patients after First-Line Treatments: A Randomised Controlled Trial. | Serra-Blasco M et al. | — | 2025 | → |
| Decoding Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: The Regional Vulnerability Index and Its Association With Clinical Symptoms. | Koch K et al. | — | 2025 | → |
| Genome-wide analyses identify 30 loci associated with obsessive-compulsive disorder. | Strom NI et al. | — | 2025 | → |
| Hippocampal and amygdala subfield volumes in obsessive-compulsive disorder by medication status. | Ntwatwa Z et al. | — | 2025 | → |
| Innovative treatment approaches for paediatric obsessive-compulsive disorder. | Marazziti D et al. | — | 2025 | → |
| "It's All Under Control" - Description of the Dissociation Between Psychological Symptoms and Autonomic Arousal in People With Obsessive-compulsive Symptoms: A Case-control Study. | Guidotti S et al. | — | 2025 | → |
| Negative Valence in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: A Worldwide Mega-Analysis of Task-Based Functional Neuroimaging Data of the ENIGMA-OCD Consortium. | Dzinalija N et al. | — | 2025 | → |
| Neuroimaging and Machine Learning in OCD: Advances in Diagnostic and Therapeutic Insights. | Alturaiqi NA et al. | — | 2025 | → |
| Obsessive-compulsive disorder in the World Mental Health surveys | Stein DJ et al. | — | 2025 | — |
| Obsessive-compulsive disorder in the World Mental Health surveys. | Stein DJ et al. | — | 2025 | → |
| Pre-CBT resting-state connectivity and white matter integrity in OCD remission: A multimodal MRI study. | Ikemizu Y et al. | — | 2025 | → |
| Volumetric Assessment and Graph Theoretical Analysis of Thalamic Nuclei in Essential Tremor. | Bianco MG et al. | — | 2025 | → |
| Advances in DTI studies for diagnoses and treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder. | Masjoodi S et al. | — | 2024 | → |
| A systematic review of structural neuroimaging markers of psychotherapeutic and pharmacological treatment for obsessive-compulsive disorder. | Moreau AL et al. | — | 2024 | → |
| Behavioral Activation and Brain Network Changes in Depression. | Jung M et al. | — | 2024 | → |
| Reduced resting-state functional connectivity between insula and inferior frontal gyrus and superior temporal gyrus in hoarding disorder. | Kato K et al. | — | 2024 | → |
| Use of Post-mortem Brain Tissue in Investigations of Obsessive- Compulsive Disorder: A Systematic Review. | Lochner C et al. | — | 2024 | → |
| A comprehensive review for machine learning on neuroimaging in obsessive-compulsive disorder. | Li X et al. | — | 2023 | → |
| Decreased gray matter volume and dynamic functional alterations in medicine-free obsessive-compulsive disorder. | Ding Z et al. | — | 2023 | → |
| Decreased intrinsic neural timescales in obsessive compulsive disorder and two distinct subtypes revealed by heterogeneity through discriminative analysis. | Xu Y et al. | — | 2023 | → |
| Early Identification and Intervention in Pediatric Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder. | Liu X et al. | — | 2023 | → |
| Exploring the multidimensional nature of repetitive and restricted behaviors and interests (RRBI) in autism: neuroanatomical correlates and clinical implications. | Lefebvre A et al. | — | 2023 | → |
| Global multi-center and multi-modal magnetic resonance imaging study of obsessive-compulsive disorder: Harmonization and monitoring of protocols in healthy volunteers and phantoms. | Pouwels PJW et al. | — | 2023 | → |
| Measurement fidelity of clinical assessment methods in a global study on identifying reproducible brain signatures of obsessive-compulsive disorder. | Shavitt RG et al. | — | 2023 | → |
| New Challenges for Anatomists in the Era of Omics. | Stabile AM et al. | — | 2023 | → |
| Phenomenological Considerations of the World of the Obsessive Patient. | Demaria F et al. | — | 2023 | → |
| White matter abnormalities in paediatric obsessive-compulsive disorder: a systematic review of diffusion tensor imaging studies. | Haghshomar M et al. | — | 2023 | → |
| A longitudinal multi-scanner multimodal human neuroimaging dataset. | Hawco C et al. | — | 2022 | → |
| An fMRI study of cognitive planning before and after symptom provocation in pediatric obsessive-compulsive disorder. | Jaspers-Fayer F et al. | — | 2022 | → |
| An overview of the first 5 years of the ENIGMA obsessive-compulsive disorder working group: The power of worldwide collaboration. | van den Heuvel OA et al. | — | 2022 | → |
| Brain Structure in Acutely Underweight and Partially Weight-Restored Individuals With Anorexia Nervosa: A Coordinated Analysis by the ENIGMA Eating Disorders Working Group. | Walton E et al. | — | 2022 | → |
| Cross disorder comparisons of brain structure in schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, major depressive disorder, and 22q11.2 deletion syndrome: A review of ENIGMA findings. | Cheon EJ et al. | — | 2022 | → |
| Enhancing neuroimaging genetics through meta-analysis for Tourette syndrome (ENIGMA-TS): A worldwide platform for collaboration. | Paschou P et al. | — | 2022 | → |
| ENIGMA HALFpipe: Interactive, reproducible, and efficient analysis for resting-state and task-based fMRI data. | Waller L et al. | — | 2022 | → |
| OCD at the Advent of Fahr's Disease and Small-World Connectomics: A Case Report. | Garg S et al. | — | 2022 | → |
| Probing the genetic and molecular correlates of connectome alterations in obsessive-compulsive disorder. | Saraiva LC et al. | — | 2022 | → |
| Structural network alterations in focal and generalized epilepsy assessed in a worldwide ENIGMA study follow axes of epilepsy risk gene expression. | Larivière S et al. | — | 2022 | → |
| Symptom-Based Profiling and Multimodal Neuroimaging of a Large Preteenage Population Identifies Distinct Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder-like Subtypes With Neurocognitive Differences. | Wu X et al. | — | 2022 | → |
| The Enhancing NeuroImaging Genetics through Meta-Analysis Consortium: 10 Years of Global Collaborations in Human Brain Mapping. | Thompson PM et al. | — | 2022 | → |
| Altered Resting-State Brain Activity in Schizophrenia and Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Compared With Non-psychiatric Controls: Commonalities and Distinctions Across Disorders. | Zhang Y et al. | — | 2021 | → |
| A Systematic Review of a Polyvagal Perspective on Embodied Contemplative Practices as Promoters of Cardiorespiratory Coupling and Traumatic Stress Recovery for PTSD and OCD: Research Methodologies and State of the Art. | Poli A et al. | — | 2021 | → |
| Cellular and Extracellular White Matter Abnormalities in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: A Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study. | Maziero MP et al. | — | 2021 | → |
| Common abnormality of gray matter integrity in substance use disorder and obsessive-compulsive disorder: A comparative voxel-based meta-analysis. | Klugah-Brown B et al. | — | 2021 | → |
| Editorial: Neurobiological Substrates of Subclinical Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder in Children. | MacMaster FP et al. | — | 2021 | → |
| ENIGMA-Sleep: Challenges, opportunities, and the road map. | Tahmasian M et al. | — | 2021 | → |
| Fear conditioning and extinction in obsessive-compulsive disorder: A systematic review. | Cooper SE et al. | — | 2021 | → |
| General Psychopathology, Cognition, and the Cerebral Cortex in 10-Year-Old Children: Insights From the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development Study. | Patel Y et al. | — | 2021 | → |
| Genetics of obsessive-compulsive disorder. | Mahjani B et al. | — | 2021 | → |
| Network-based functional connectivity predicts response to exposure therapy in unmedicated adults with obsessive-compulsive disorder. | Shi TC et al. | — | 2021 | → |
| Plasticity-Related Activity in the Hippocampus, Anterior Cingulate, Orbitofrontal, and Prefrontal Cortex Following a Repeated Treatment with D<sub>2</sub>/D<sub>3</sub> Agonist Quinpirole. | Brozka H et al. | — | 2021 | → |
| Structural Imaging in OCD. | Veltman DJ | — | 2021 | → |
| Toward a neurocircuit-based taxonomy to guide treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder. | Shephard E et al. | — | 2021 | → |
| Chimpanzee brain morphometry utilizing standardized MRI preprocessing and macroanatomical annotations. | Vickery S et al. | — | 2020 | → |