A comparison of the different animal models of fetal alcohol spectrum disorders and their use in studying complex behaviors.
paper
Cited
Public
- Authors
- Patten, Anna R; Fontaine, Christine J; Christie, Brian R
- Year
- 2014
- Journal
- Frontiers in pediatrics
- PMID
- 25232537
- DOI
- 10.3389/fped.2014.00093
- PMCID
- PMC4153370
Prenatal ethanol exposure (PNEE) has been linked to widespread impairments in brain structure and function. There are a number of animal models that are used to study the structural and functional deficits caused by PNEE, including, but not limited to invertebrates, fish, rodents, and non-human primates. Animal models enable a researcher to control important variables such as the route of ethanol administration, as well as the timing, frequency and amount of ethanol exposure. Each animal model and system of exposure has its place, depending on the research question being undertaken. In this review, we will examine the different routes of ethanol administration and the various animal models of fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD) that are commonly used in research, emphasizing their strengths and limitations. We will also present an up-to-date summary on the effects of prenatal/neonatal ethanol exposure on behavior across the lifespan, focusing on learning and memory, olfaction, social, executive, and motor functions. Special emphasis will be placed where the various animal models best represent deficits observed in the human condition and offer a viable test bed to examine potential therapeutics for human beings with FASD.
Common ethanol administration techniques in rodents used to examine the effects of prenatal ethanol exposure in offspring. Ethanol may be ingested by the animal via gavage administration during the early postnatal period (upper panel, left-most) or during gestation (upper panel, middle). Alternately, ethanol may be ingested as a liquid diet (upper panel, right-most). Ethanol injections (bottom left panel) can be administered pre- or postnatal for studies of exact timing of ethanol-induced damage. During the early postnatal period of offspring, the dam and litter can be placed in vapor chambers and be exposed to inhaled gaseous ethanol (bottom right panel).
Standardized behavioral measures are used in rodents to examine the functional consequences of developmental ethanol exposure. Motor performance in rodents may be measured on tasks such as the rotarod (upper panel, left-most) where the animal must balance and run on a rotating rod. Social interactions, such as evidence of aggressive behavior can be deduced by observations of wrestling, rearing, and pinning (upper panel, middle) when two conspecifics are paired. Passive avoidance (upper panel, right-most) is a measure of executive behavior in rodents where the animal must learn to inhibit exploratory behavior in order to avoid a shock for the duration of a trial, as indicated by a light. Trace fear conditioning (middle panel) is a hippocampal-dependent behavior where the animal is trained in a context where a signal such as a light indicates a footshock, then after a delay in placed in a novel context and freezing responses can be measured while the light is presented without the footshock. Associative olfactory memories (bottom panel) are formed when an odor, such as lemon is paired with a stimulus such as a footshock and may be tested in a two choice preference chamber, where orientation toward or away from an odor can indicate the presence of a memory for that odor.
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| Name | Type |
|---|---|
| adolescent and adult humans exposed to ethanol in utero local | cohort |
| adolescents | cohort |
| adult females exposed to ethanol in utero local | cohort |
| adulthood | cohort |
| Adult male rats local | cohort |
| Adult rat offspring (intubation GD 7β20) local | cohort |
| adult rat offspring intubation GD 7β20 cohort local | cohort |
| Adult rodents local | cohort |
| adults | cohort |
| Aged animals local | cohort |
| aggression | phenotype |
| alcohol | phenotype |
| alcohol dehydrogenase | gene |
| Alcohol-related birth defects | phenotype |
| alcohol-related diseases | phenotype |
| Altered behavioral response to odor local | phenotype |
| Altered exploratory strategy local | phenotype |
| altered sleep patterns local | phenotype |
| Anatomical deficits local | phenotype |
| animal models | cohort |
| Associative learning deficit local | phenotype |
| Asymmetrical gait local | phenotype |
| ataxia | phenotype |
| attention | phenotype |
| behavioral deficits | phenotype |
| behavioral disruption | phenotype |
| behavioral performance | phenotype |
| Behavioral testing performance local | phenotype |
| blood alcohol concentration | phenotype |
| Body local | phenotype |
| Bond and DiGiusto gestational liquid diet cohort local | cohort |
| Borderline intellectual function local | phenotype |
| brain | anatomy |
| brain damage | phenotype |
| brain development | phenotype |
| brainstem | anatomy |
| breast milk local | drug |
| bullying | phenotype |
| C57BL/6J | cohort |
| Caenorhabditis elegans | cohort |
| caloric restriction | phenotype |
| Canada | cohort |
| caudal region local | anatomy |
| central nervous system | anatomy |
| cerebellum | anatomy |
| chicken | cohort |
| children | cohort |
| children with FASD | cohort |
| chronic ethanol exposure | phenotype |
| CNS dysfunction | phenotype |
| cognition | phenotype |
| complex behavior local | phenotype |
| Complex object recognition local | phenotype |
| Continuous low-level ethanol exposure local | drug |
| control animals | cohort |
| control rats | cohort |
| controls | cohort |
| craniofacial abnormalities local | phenotype |
| Craniofacial abnormalities local | phenotype |
| Danio rerio | cohort |
| death | phenotype |
| Deficits local | phenotype |
| delayed matching-to-place local | phenotype |
| delayed nipple attachment local | phenotype |
| Delayed non-matching-to-sample task local | phenotype |
| delayed retrieval by dam local | phenotype |
| developmental delay | phenotype |
| developmental stage | phenotype |
| difficulties in parenting local | phenotype |
| Disorganized maternal behavior local | phenotype |
| Drosophila melanogaster | cohort |
| early demise local | phenotype |
| ethanol consumption | phenotype |
| Ethanol-exposed animals local | cohort |
| Ethanolβexposed rats local | cohort |
| ethanol group | cohort |
| Ethanol-induced side-effect local | phenotype |
| Ethanol metabolizing enzymes local | drug |
| executive function | phenotype |
| executive function deficit local | phenotype |
| executive functioning | phenotype |
| exploratory behavior | phenotype |
| Eye malformation local | phenotype |
| failure to retrieve pups local | phenotype |
| FAS | phenotype |
| fatality local | phenotype |
| fatty acid esters local | drug |
| Fatty acid ethyl esters local | drug |
| feeding difficulties local | phenotype |
| female mice | cohort |
| female rats | cohort |
| Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder | phenotype |
| Fetal alcohol spectrum disorders | phenotype |
| fetal alcohol syndrome | phenotype |
| fetal brain | anatomy |
| Fetal ethanol exposure local | phenotype |
| Fine motor control local | phenotype |
| Fine motor coordination deficits local | phenotype |
| First trimester equivalent local | phenotype |
| food intake | phenotype |
| footshock local | drug |
| Footshock local | drug |
| frontal cortex | anatomy |
| Functional defect local | phenotype |
| Functional deficits local | phenotype |
| gait analysis software local | phenotype |
| Gene expression change local | phenotype |
| Genetic susceptibility local | phenotype |
| Gestation local | cohort |
| Gestation period local | phenotype |
| Greater step angle local | phenotype |
| group of 221 rats local | cohort |
| growth retardation | phenotype |
| guinea pig | cohort |
| healthy rodents local | cohort |
| Higher BAC levels local | phenotype |
| hippocampal damage | phenotype |
| hippocampal-dependent memory local | phenotype |
| Hippocampal memory local | phenotype |
| hippocampus | anatomy |
| human | cohort |
| humans | cohort |
| human subjects | cohort |
| hyperactivity | phenotype |
| hyporesponsive smell and taste local | phenotype |
| Impaired passive avoidance local | phenotype |
| Impaired pup retrieval local | phenotype |
| impaired reproduction local | phenotype |
| Increased aggression local | phenotype |
| increased vocalizations local | phenotype |
| Inflammatory effects local | phenotype |
| inhibitory control | phenotype |
| intellectual disability | phenotype |
| Intelligence quotient | phenotype |
| Interpersonal relationship deficits local | phenotype |
| Interpositus nucleus local | anatomy |
| Intragastric ethanol local | drug |
| Intraperitoneal injection local | drug |
| irritability | phenotype |
| Juvenile PNEE rats local | cohort |
| juvenile rodents | cohort |
| Laboratory rat local | cohort |
| learning and memory | phenotype |
| learning and memory behaviors local | phenotype |
| Learning capabilities local | phenotype |
| lifelong effects local | phenotype |
| liquid diet local | drug |
| Liquid diet local | drug |
| Liquid diet model of ethanol exposure local | cohort |
| Litter size local | phenotype |
| Low verbal IQ local | phenotype |
| Mal-absorption local | phenotype |
| maladaptive behavior local | phenotype |
| male rats | cohort |
| Malformation local | phenotype |
| Maltose dextrin local | drug |
| matching-to-place task performance local | phenotype |
| maternal behavior | phenotype |
| Mathematical ability local | phenotype |
| medial prefrontal cortex | anatomy |
| memory | phenotype |
| mice | cohort |
| Mice exposed to ethanol in utero local | cohort |
| microcephaly | phenotype |
| Milder fetal alcohol spectrum disorder local | phenotype |
| monkeys | cohort |
| Morris water maze | phenotype |
| mortality | phenotype |
| Mothers consuming ethanol during pregnancy local | cohort |
| Motor behavior | phenotype |
| motor coordination | phenotype |
| Motor deficits on parallel bar task local | phenotype |
| Motor dysfunction local | phenotype |
| motor hyperactivity local | phenotype |
| Motor hyperactivity local | phenotype |
| Motor performance | phenotype |
| Motor-related behaviors local | phenotype |
| motor structures local | anatomy |
| mouse pups local | cohort |
| NaΓ―ve animals local | cohort |
| Neonatal pups local | cohort |
| Neonatal Pups local | cohort |
| neonatal rats exposed to ethanol local | cohort |
| Neonate pups local | cohort |
| Neonate rats local | cohort |
| Neonate rodents local | cohort |
| neonates | cohort |
| neural damage local | phenotype |
| neural tube local | anatomy |
| neurological deficits | phenotype |
| neurotoxicity | phenotype |
| newborn pups local | cohort |
| Nutrition/stress control group local | cohort |
| Odor associative memory impairment local | phenotype |
| Odor discrimination local | phenotype |
| Odor discriminative ability impairment local | phenotype |
| Odor identification local | phenotype |
| Odor memory local | phenotype |
| offspring | cohort |
| olfactory bulb | anatomy |
| Olfactory bulb damage local | phenotype |
| Olfactory circuitry local | anatomy |
| Olfactory memory local | phenotype |
| Olfactory stalk local | anatomy |
| Oral intubation local | drug |
| Orientation | phenotype |
| Pair-fed animals local | cohort |
| Pair-fed control group local | cohort |
| Pair-fed control groups local | cohort |
| Pair-fed group local | cohort |
| Pairβfed group local | cohort |
| Physiological deficits local | phenotype |
| physiological impairments local | phenotype |
| pig-tailed macaques local | cohort |
| Play behavior | phenotype |
| PND 10 rat offspring exposed to ethanol local | cohort |
| PND 112 local | phenotype |
| PND 2β10 local | cohort |
| PND 28 local | phenotype |
| PND 30 local | cohort |
| PND 4/5 local | cohort |
| PND 52 local | cohort |
| PND 55 local | cohort |
| PND 56 local | phenotype |
| PND 91 local | cohort |
| PNEE local | cohort |
| PNEE local | drug |
| PNEE offspring local | cohort |
| PNEE rats local | cohort |
| PNEE rodents local | cohort |
| Poor coping skills local | phenotype |
| Poor performance on eyeblink conditioning local | phenotype |
| Poor performance on rotarod local | phenotype |
| Poor performance on runway local | phenotype |
| Poor reversal learning performance local | phenotype |
| Postnatal ethanol exposure (intubation PND 4β9) local | cohort |
| Postnatal period local | cohort |
| Postural balance deficits local | phenotype |
| prefrontal cortex | anatomy |
| pregnancy | phenotype |
| Pregnant dam local | cohort |
| Pregnant dams local | cohort |
| Pregnant females local | cohort |
| prenatal alcohol exposure | phenotype |
| Prenatal ethanolβexposed rats local | cohort |
| Prenatal ethanol exposure local | cohort |
| Prenatally ethanol-exposed children local | cohort |
| Prenatal Neonatal Ethanol Exposure local | phenotype |
| primate models local | cohort |
| puberty | phenotype |
| Purkinje cell local | phenotype |
| rat model | cohort |
| rat pups local | cohort |
| Rat pups (gestational ethanol exposure) local | cohort |
| rats | cohort |
| rats exposed to ethanol throughout gestation local | cohort |
| Rats exposed to prenatal ethanol local | cohort |
| Rats (gestational liquid diet) local | cohort |
| reduced adaptive functioning local | phenotype |
| Reduced body length local | phenotype |
| Reduced cell density in medial prefrontal cortex local | phenotype |
| Reduced social sniffing local | phenotype |
| reduced suckling time local | phenotype |
| Regular rat chow local | drug |
| response inhibition | phenotype |
| response inhibition deficit local | phenotype |
| retinoic acid | drug |
| Rodent model of FASD local | cohort |
| Rodent pups local | cohort |
| rodents | cohort |
| rostral region local | anatomy |
| Rotarod performance | phenotype |
| runway tasks local | phenotype |
| Saccade accuracy deficits local | phenotype |
| saccharin | drug |
| Saccharin water local | drug |
| saline | drug |
| secondary disabilities local | phenotype |
| Second trimester equivalent local | phenotype |
| separation stress local | phenotype |
| Set shifting | phenotype |
| set shifting deficit local | phenotype |
| Severe fetal alcohol syndrome local | phenotype |
| Sexually dimorphic play behaviors local | phenotype |
| sheep local | cohort |
| Shorter stride length local | phenotype |
| Simple object recognition local | phenotype |
| Simple vertebrates local | cohort |
| Single high-level ethanol exposure local | drug |
| Skeletal deficits local | phenotype |
| Social and nutritional stress local | phenotype |
| Social behavior deficit local | phenotype |
| social dysfunction | phenotype |
| Social interaction | phenotype |
| social withdrawal | phenotype |
| spatial learning | phenotype |
| spatial memory | phenotype |
| spatial object memory local | phenotype |
| stress | phenotype |
| structural abnormalities | anatomy |
| Structural deficits local | phenotype |
| Structural impairments local | phenotype |
| Subcutaneous injection local | drug |
| sucrose | drug |
| synaptic plasticity | phenotype |
| teasing local | phenotype |
| Teratogen local | phenotype |
| Third Trimester Brain Growth Spurt local | anatomy |
| third trimester equivalent local | cohort |
| third trimester equivalent local | phenotype |
| Third trimester equivalent local | phenotype |
| trace fear conditioning performance local | phenotype |
| tremor | phenotype |
| Upper respiratory tract irritation local | phenotype |
| USA | cohort |
| Vapor inhalation local | drug |
| verbal fluency | phenotype |
| virtual 3D object-recognition tasks local | phenotype |
| Visual acuity deficit local | phenotype |
| Voluntary drinking local | drug |
| voluntary drinking model local | drug |
| water | drug |
| Water reward local | drug |
| weight gain | phenotype |
| working memory | phenotype |
| Xenopus laevis | cohort |
| Young mice (<PND 60, gestational ethanol in drinking water) local | cohort |
| zebrafish | cohort |
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In this knowledge base
| Title | Year | PMID |
|---|---|---|
| Meta-Analyses of Externalizing Disorders: Genetics or Prenatal Alcohol Exposure? | 2018 | 29063614 |
External
| Title | Authors | Journal | Year | Link |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Auditory Deficits in a Mouse Model of First-Trimester Prenatal Alcohol Exposure. | Jessup M et al. | β | 2026 | β |
| Impact of Prenatal Alcohol Exposure on Cerebral Cortex Development. | Oskera L et al. | β | 2026 | β |
| Prenatal alcohol exposure induces circular and linear long non-coding RNAs, and protein-coding genes linked to proinflammatory neuroimmune function, promoting nerve injury-induced allodynia following morphine treatment. | Pritha AN et al. | β | 2026 | β |
| Sleep and fatigue complaints during pregnancy versus perinatal depression: Impact on toddler cognition. | Lunsford-Avery JR et al. | β | 2026 | β |
| The Role of the Hedgehog Pathway in Alcohol-Induced Birth Defects. | Ji X et al. | β | 2026 | β |
| A Comprehensive Review of the Pathophysiology of Neonatal Stroke and a Critique of Current and Future Therapeutic Strategies. | Mondal V et al. | β | 2025 | β |
| Aspirin Improves Uterine Artery Function in Hypercholesterolemic Preeclampsia. | de Oliveira AA et al. | β | 2025 | β |
| Exploring Omega-3's impact on postnatal cerebral cortex development: A histological, immuno-histochemical, and biochemical study in a valproic acid rat model. | Shehata MA et al. | β | 2025 | β |
| Gestational choline supplementation ameliorates T-maze reversal learning deficits induced by first trimester binge alcohol exposure in weanling lambs. | Washburn S et al. | β | 2025 | β |
| Harnessing the microbiota-gut-brain axis to prevent and treat pediatric neurodevelopmental disorders: translational insights and strategies. | Alkuwaiti SH et al. | β | 2025 | β |
| Impact of Developmental Alcohol Exposure on the Thalamus. | Valenzuela CF et al. | β | 2025 | β |
| Influenza A virus during pregnancy disrupts maternal intestinal immunity and fetal cortical development in a dose- and time-dependent manner. | Otero AM et al. | β | 2025 | β |
| Influenza A virus infection during pregnancy increases transfer of maternal bloodborne molecules to fetal tissues. | Gonzalez-Ricon RJ et al. | β | 2025 | β |
| Prenatal environmental exposures and brain development: studies with baboons and other nonhuman primates. | Iskusnykh IY et al. | β | 2025 | β |
| Rat models of fetal alcohol spectrum disorders for studying the critical role of cerebellar damage: A scoping review. | Nogales F et al. | β | 2025 | β |
| Synaptic signatures of perinatal cannabinoids: A systematic review of rodent hippocampal synaptic plasticity, learning, and memory. | Przy R et al. | β | 2025 | β |
| The Neurobiology of Learning and Memory in Rodent Models of Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders. | Clark BJ et al. | β | 2025 | β |
| Visuo-spatial learning and memory deficits in C57BL/6 mice following postnatal ethanol exposure. | Dursun I et al. | β | 2025 | β |
| Composition of Higher Alcohols in Different Alcoholic Beverages and Their Metabolic Dynamics in Bama Pigs. | Cao X et al. | β | 2024 | β |
| Effects of prenatal alcohol exposure on the olfactory system development. | Imamura F | β | 2024 | β |
| Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder: The Honey Bee as a Social Animal Model. | Camilli MP et al. | β | 2024 | β |
| Interneuron-selective HCN channel knockdown in prelimbic cortex of female rats mimics effects of chronic ethanol exposure. | Hughes BA et al. | β | 2024 | β |
| Limited bedding and nesting increases ethanol drinking in female rats. | Parks BJ et al. | β | 2024 | β |
| The Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders-An Overview of Experimental Models, Therapeutic Strategies, and Future Research Directions. | KrΓ³l M et al. | β | 2024 | β |
| The histamine H<sub>3</sub> receptor inverse agonist SAR-152954 reverses deficits in long-term potentiation associated with moderate prenatal alcohol exposure. | Goncalves-Garcia M et al. | β | 2024 | β |
| The Impact of Prenatal Alcohol Exposure on the Autonomic Nervous System and Cardiovascular System in Rats in a Sex-Specific Manner. | Jurczyk M et al. | β | 2024 | β |
| Transgenerational of Oxidative Damage Induced by Prenatal Ethanol Exposure on Spatial Learning/Memory and BDNF in the of Male Rats. | Shaabani Ghahremanlo M et al. | β | 2024 | β |
| Altered Epigenetic Marks and Gene Expression in Fetal Brain, and Postnatal Behavioural Disorders, Following Prenatal Exposure of <i>Ogg1</i> Knockout Mice to Saline or Ethanol. | Bhatia S et al. | β | 2023 | β |
| Breast cancer 1 (BRCA1) protection in altered gene expression and neurodevelopmental disorders due to physiological and ethanol-enhanced reactive oxygen species formation. | Drake DM et al. | β | 2023 | β |
| Choline Supplementation Alters Hippocampal Cytokine Levels in Adolescence and Adulthood in an Animal Model of Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders. | Baker JA et al. | β | 2023 | β |
| Divergent Population-Specific Effects of Chronic Ethanol Exposure on Excitability and Inhibitory Transmission in Male and Female Rat Central Amygdala. | Crofton EJ et al. | β | 2023 | β |
| Effects of genetics and sex on adolescent behaviors following neonatal ethanol exposure in BXD recombinant inbred strains. | Baker JA et al. | β | 2023 | β |
| Exploring behavioral phenotypes in a mouse model of fetal alcohol spectrum disorders. | Chaudoin TR et al. | β | 2023 | β |
| High-resolution imaging in studies of alcohol effect on prenatal development. | Meombe Mbolle A et al. | β | 2023 | β |
| Neuronal miR-17-5p contributes to interhemispheric cortical connectivity defects induced by prenatal alcohol exposure. | Altounian M et al. | β | 2023 | β |
| No Meta-analytic Evidence for Risks due to Prenatal Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Animal Models. | Pagliaccio D et al. | β | 2023 | β |
| Nutrient Supplementation during the Prenatal Period in Substance-Using Mothers: A Narrative Review of the Effects on Offspring Development. | Serwatka CA et al. | β | 2023 | β |
| Prenatal alcohol and tetrahydrocannabinol exposure: Effects on spatial and working memory. | Lei A et al. | β | 2023 | β |
| Prenatal Androgen Excess Induces Multigenerational Effects on Female and Male Descendants. | Abruzzese GA et al. | β | 2023 | β |
| Prenatal sleep health and risk of offspring ADHD symptomatology and associated phenotypes: a prospective analysis of timing and sex differences in the ECHO cohort. | Lugo-Candelas C et al. | β | 2023 | β |
| Prenatal stress and fluoxetine exposure in mice differentially affect repetitive behaviors and synaptic plasticity in adult male and female offspring. | Arzuaga AL et al. | β | 2023 | β |
| Single-nucleus resolution mapping of the adult C.Β elegans and its application to elucidate inter- and trans-generational response to alcohol. | Truong L et al. | β | 2023 | β |
| Unraveling the complex relationship between prenatal alcohol exposure, hippocampal LTP, and learning and memory. | Goncalves-Garcia M et al. | β | 2023 | β |
| Acute and Protracted Prenatal Stress Produce Mood Disorder-Like and Ethanol Drinking Behaviors in Male and Female Adult Offspring. | Dong E et al. | β | 2022 | β |
| Binge-like Prenatal Ethanol Exposure Causes Impaired Cellular Differentiation in the Embryonic Forebrain and Synaptic and Behavioral Defects in Adult Mice. | Subbanna S et al. | β | 2022 | β |
| Characterisation of the consequences of maternal immune activation on distinct cell populations in the developing rat spinal cord. | Anderson RC et al. | β | 2022 | β |
| Cholinergic and Neuroimmune Signaling Interact to Impact Adult Hippocampal Neurogenesis and Alcohol Pathology Across Development. | Macht VA et al. | β | 2022 | β |
| Decreased tubulin-binding cofactor B was involved in the formation disorder of nascent astrocyte processes by regulating microtubule plus-end growth through binding with end-binding proteins 1 and 3 after chronic alcohol exposure. | Zheng Y et al. | β | 2022 | β |
| Effects of Genetics and Sex on Acute Gene Expression Changes in the Hippocampus Following Neonatal Ethanol Exposure in BXD Recombinant Inbred Mouse Strains. | Baker JA et al. | β | 2022 | β |
| Effects of nutrition and gestational alcohol consumption on fetal growth and development. | Naik VD et al. | β | 2022 | β |
| Effects of Ξ²-eudesmol and atractylodin on target genes and hormone related to cardiotoxicity, hepatotoxicity, and endocrine disruption in developing zebrafish embryos. | Tshering G et al. | β | 2022 | β |
| Investigating miRNA-mRNA Interactions and Gene Regulatory Networks From VTA Dopaminergic Neurons Following Perinatal Nicotine and Alcohol Exposure Using Bayesian Network Analysis. | Xia H et al. | β | 2022 | β |
| Maternal Mid-Gestation Cytokine Dysregulation in Mothers of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder. | Casey S et al. | β | 2022 | β |
| Medial prefrontal cortex-basolateral amygdala circuit dysfunction in chronic alcohol-exposed male rats. | Crofton EJ et al. | β | 2022 | β |
| Methamphetamine Exposure During Development Causes Lasting Changes to Mesolimbic Dopamine Signaling in Mice. | Torres DJ et al. | β | 2022 | β |
| Pharmacological activation of the Sonic hedgehog pathway with a Smoothened small molecule agonist ameliorates the severity of alcohol-induced morphological and behavioral birth defects in a zebrafish model of fetal alcohol spectrum disorder. | Burton DF et al. | β | 2022 | β |
| Reduced and delayed myelination and volume of corpus callosum in an animal model of Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders partially benefit from voluntary exercise. | Milbocker KA et al. | β | 2022 | β |
| Sex-Related Differences in Voluntary Alcohol Intake and mRNA Coding for Synucleins in the Brain of Adult Rats Prenatally Exposed to Alcohol. | Kokhan VS et al. | β | 2022 | β |
| The effect of astaxanthin treatment on the rat model of fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD). | Chen MH et al. | β | 2022 | β |
| The effects of gestational choline supplementation on cerebellar Purkinje cell number in the sheep model of binge alcohol exposure during the first trimester-equivalent. | Carugati M et al. | β | 2022 | β |
| The Zebrafish Tol2 System: A Modular and Flexible Gateway-Based Transgenesis Approach. | Klem JR et al. | β | 2022 | β |
| Corticostriatal Circuit Models of Cognitive Impairments Induced by Fetal Exposure to Alcohol. | Bariselli S et al. | β | 2021 | β |
| Detection of prenatal alcohol exposure using machine learning classification of resting-state functional network connectivity data. | Rodriguez CI et al. | β | 2021 | β |
| Development of the Entorhinal Cortex Occurs via Parallel Lamination During Neurogenesis. | Liu Y et al. | β | 2021 | β |
| Dynamics of microglia and dendritic spines in early adolescent cortex after developmental alcohol exposure. | Wong EL et al. | β | 2021 | β |
| Inhibition of 2-Oxoglutarate Dehydrogenase as a Chemical Model of Acute Hypobaric Hypoxia. | Graf A et al. | β | 2021 | β |
| Investigating the effects of chronic perinatal alcohol and combined nicotine and alcohol exposure on dopaminergic and non-dopaminergic neurons in the VTA. | Kazemi T et al. | β | 2021 | β |
| MANF is neuroprotective against ethanol-induced neurodegeneration through ameliorating ER stress. | Wang Y et al. | β | 2021 | β |
| Moderate prenatal ethanol exposure leads to attention deficits in both male and female rats. | Wang R et al. | β | 2021 | β |
| Morphological alteration in rat hippocampal neuronal dendrites following chronic binge prenatal alcohol exposure. | Lee J et al. | β | 2021 | β |
| Neuroinflammatory contribution of microglia and astrocytes in fetal alcohol spectrum disorders. | Kane CJM et al. | β | 2021 | β |
| Oxidative Stress as a Common Key Event in Developmental Neurotoxicity. | Nishimura Y et al. | β | 2021 | β |
| Pre-implantation alcohol exposure induces lasting sex-specific DNA methylation programming errors in the developing forebrain. | Legault LM et al. | β | 2021 | β |
| Zebrafish as a Model for Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders. | Alsakran A et al. | β | 2021 | β |
| Zebrafish models of fetal alcohol spectrum disorders. | Fernandes Y et al. | β | 2021 | β |
| Age, but Not Sex, Modulates Foxp3 Expression in the Rat Brain across Development. | Taylor MR et al. | β | 2020 | β |
| Alcohol and nicotine co-Administration during pregnancy and lactation periods alters sensory discrimination of adult NMRI mice offspring. | Sabzalizadeh M et al. | β | 2020 | β |
| Alcohol as an early life stressor: Epigenetics, metabolic, neuroendocrine and neurobehavioral implications. | CiafrΓ¨ S et al. | β | 2020 | β |
| Animal models of gene-alcohol interactions. | Lovely CB | β | 2020 | β |
| A Systematic Review of the Effects of Perinatal Alcohol Exposure and Perinatal Marijuana Exposure on Adult Neurogenesis in the Dentate Gyrus. | Reid HMO et al. | β | 2020 | β |
| Chronic ethanol exposure alters prelimbic prefrontal cortical Fast-Spiking and Martinotti interneuron function with differential sex specificity in rat brain. | Hughes BA et al. | β | 2020 | β |
| Detection of Prenatal Alcohol Exposure Using Machine Learning Classification of Resting-State Functional Network Connectivity Data | Rodriguez CI et al. | β | 2020 | β |
| Developmental stage and genotype dependent behavioral effects of embryonic alcohol exposure in zebrafish larvae. | Abozaid A et al. | β | 2020 | β |
| Developmental stage-dependent deficits induced by embryonic ethanol exposure in zebrafish: A neurochemical analysis. | Facciol A et al. | β | 2020 | β |
| Early Ethanol Exposure Inhibits the Differentiation of Hippocampal Dentate Gyrus Granule Cells in a Mouse Model of Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders. | Xu W et al. | β | 2020 | β |
| Environmental Enrichment During Adolescence Mitigates Cognitive Deficits and Alcohol Vulnerability due to Continuous and Intermittent Perinatal Alcohol Exposure in Adult Rats. | Brancato A et al. | β | 2020 | β |
| Hydrogen sulfide improves spatial memory impairment via increases of BDNF expression and hippocampal neurogenesis following early postnatal alcohol exposure. | Mohseni F et al. | β | 2020 | β |
| Investigating the influence of perinatal nicotine and alcohol exposure on the genetic profiles of dopaminergic neurons in the VTA using miRNA-mRNA analysis. | Kazemi T et al. | β | 2020 | β |
| Moderate prenatal alcohol exposure alters the number and function of GABAergic interneurons in the murine orbitofrontal cortex. | Kenton JA et al. | β | 2020 | β |
| Moderate Prenatal Alcohol Exposure Impairs Visual-Spatial Discrimination in a Sex-Specific Manner: Effects of Testing Order and Difficulty on Learning Performance. | Kenton JA et al. | β | 2020 | β |
| Murine Models for the Study of Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders: An Overview. | Almeida L et al. | β | 2020 | β |
| Quantification of Ethanol Levels in Zebrafish Embryos Using Head Space Gas Chromatography. | Lovely CB | β | 2020 | β |
| Zebrafish Shoaling, Its Behavioral and Neurobiological Mechanisms, and Its Alteration by Embryonic Alcohol Exposure: A Review. | Facciol A et al. | β | 2020 | β |
| Alcohol exposure during embryonic development: An opportunity to conduct systematic developmental time course analyses in zebrafish. | Facciol A et al. | β | 2019 | β |
| Brain oxidative damage in murine models of neonatal hypoxia/ischemia and reoxygenation. | Torres-Cuevas I et al. | β | 2019 | β |
| Cholinergic rescue of neurocognitive insult following third-trimester equivalent alcohol exposure in rats. | Heroux NA et al. | β | 2019 | β |
| Chronic Ethanol Exposure and Withdrawal Impair Synaptic GABA<sub>A</sub> Receptor-Mediated Neurotransmission in Deep-Layer Prefrontal Cortex. | Hughes BA et al. | β | 2019 | β |
| Ethanol Impairs NRF2/Antioxidant and Growth Signaling in the Intact Placenta In Vivo and in Human Trophoblasts. | Shanmugam S et al. | β | 2019 | β |
| Impaired Bidirectional Synaptic Plasticity in Juvenile Offspring Following Prenatal Ethanol Exposure. | Fontaine CJ et al. | β | 2019 | β |
| Maternal omega-3 fatty acids and vitamin E improve placental angiogenesis in late-onset but not early-onset preeclampsia. | Kasture V et al. | β | 2019 | β |
| Maternal separation stress reduced prenatal-ethanol-induced increase in exploratory behaviour and extracellular signal-regulated kinase activity. | Swart PC et al. | β | 2019 | β |
| Neonatal ethanol exposure impairs long-term context memory formation and prefrontal immediate early gene expression in adolescent rats. | Heroux NA et al. | β | 2019 | β |
| Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Induced by High-Fat Diet in C57bl/6 Models. | Recena Aydos L et al. | β | 2019 | β |
| Obestatin improve spatial memory impairment in a rat model of fetal alcohol spectrum disorders via inhibiting apoptosis and neuroinflammation. | Toosi A et al. | β | 2019 | β |
| Prenatal Ethanol Exposure Misregulates Genes Involved in Iron Homeostasis Promoting a Maladaptation of Iron Dependent Hippocampal Synaptic Transmission and Plasticity. | De La Fuente-Ortega E et al. | β | 2019 | β |
| Proteomic Analysis of Baboon Cerebral Artery Reveals Potential Pathways of Damage by Prenatal Alcohol Exposure. | Bisen S et al. | β | 2019 | β |
| The Standardization of Diagnostic Criteria for Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD): Implications for Research, Clinical Practice and Population Health. | Brown JM et al. | β | 2019 | β |
| Diving into the world of alcohol teratogenesis: a review of zebrafish models of fetal alcohol spectrum disorder. | Fernandes Y et al. | β | 2018 | β |
| Effects of prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE): insights into FASD using mouse models of PAE. | Petrelli B et al. | β | 2018 | β |
| Evaluating the effects of maternal alcohol consumption on murine fetal brain vasculature using optical coherence tomography. | Raghunathan R et al. | β | 2018 | β |
| [Experimental approaches to the investigation of behavioral disorders associated with prenatal alcohol exposure]. | Razumkina EV et al. | β | 2018 | β |
| Fetal Cerebral Circulation as Target of Maternal Alcohol Consumption. | Bukiya AN et al. | β | 2018 | β |
| Fetal regional brain protein signature in FASD rat model. | Davis-Anderson KL et al. | β | 2018 | β |
| Hippocampal neurogenesis in the C57BL/6J mice at early adulthood following prenatal alcohol exposure. | Olateju OI et al. | β | 2018 | β |
| Meta-Analyses of Externalizing Disorders: Genetics or Prenatal Alcohol Exposure? | Wetherill L et al. | β | 2018 | β |
| Neonatal Ethanol and Choline Treatments Alter the Morphology of Developing Rat Hippocampal Pyramidal Neurons in Opposite Directions. | Goeke CM et al. | β | 2018 | β |
| Neurological and neuropsychological effects of low and moderate prenatal alcohol exposure. | Comasco E et al. | β | 2018 | β |
| Pre-conceptional and Peri-Gestational Maternal Binge Alcohol Drinking Produces Inheritance of Mood Disturbances and Alcohol Vulnerability in the Adolescent Offspring. | Brancato A et al. | β | 2018 | β |
| Pre-implantation alcohol exposure and developmental programming of FASD: an epigenetic perspective. | Legault LM et al. | β | 2018 | β |
| Prenatal Alcohol Exposure Increases Histamine H<sub>3</sub> Receptor-Mediated Inhibition of Glutamatergic Neurotransmission in Rat Dentate Gyrus. | Varaschin RK et al. | β | 2018 | β |
| Prenatal Exposure to Alcohol Induces Functional and Structural Plasticity in Dopamine D1 Receptor-Expressing Neurons of the Dorsomedial Striatum. | Cheng Y et al. | β | 2018 | β |
| The enduring impact of neurulation stage alcohol exposure: A combined behavioral and structural neuroimaging study in adult male and female C57BL/6J mice. | Fish EW et al. | β | 2018 | β |
| The zebrafish as a promising tool for modeling human brain disorders: A review based upon an IBNS Symposium. | Shams S et al. | β | 2018 | β |
| A Rat Model of Fetal Alcohol Syndrome: A Series of Undergraduate Laboratory Exercises for Biopsychology Courses. | Kehrberg AMH et al. | β | 2017 | β |
| Changes to histone modifications following prenatal alcohol exposure: An emerging picture. | Chater-Diehl EJ et al. | β | 2017 | β |
| Early ethanol exposure and vinpocetine treatment alter learning- and memory-related proteins in the rat hippocampus and prefrontal cortex. | Swart PC et al. | β | 2017 | β |
| Epigenetics studies of fetal alcohol spectrum disorder: where are we now? | Lussier AA et al. | β | 2017 | β |
| Intrauterine Zika virus infection of pregnant immunocompetent mice models transplacental transmission and adverse perinatal outcomes. | Vermillion MS et al. | β | 2017 | β |
| Low-dose chronic prenatal alcohol exposure abolishes the pro-cognitive effects of angiotensin IV. | Fidalgo S et al. | β | 2017 | β |
| Macaque monkeys in Zika virus research: 1947-present. | Newman C et al. | β | 2017 | β |
| Maternal alcohol binge drinking induces persistent neuroinflammation associated with myelin damage and behavioural dysfunctions in offspring mice. | Cantacorps L et al. | β | 2017 | β |
| Radiological studies of fetal alcohol spectrum disorders in humans and animal models: An updated comprehensive review. | Nguyen VT et al. | β | 2017 | β |
| Revisiting the flip side: Long-term depression of synaptic efficacy in the hippocampus. | Pinar C et al. | β | 2017 | β |
| Trimester-Specific Urinary Bisphenol A Concentrations and Blood Glucose Levels Among Pregnant Women From a Fertility Clinic. | Chiu YH et al. | β | 2017 | β |
| Animal Models for Medication Development and Application to Treat Fetal Alcohol Effects. | Barron S et al. | β | 2016 | β |
| Behavioral deficits induced by third-trimester equivalent alcohol exposure in male C57BL/6J mice are not associated with reduced adult hippocampal neurogenesis but are still rescued with voluntary exercise. | Hamilton GF et al. | β | 2016 | β |
| Developmental and behavioral consequences of early life maternal separation stress in a mouse model of fetal alcohol spectrum disorder. | Alberry B et al. | β | 2016 | β |
| Effects of Ethanol on Cellular Composition and Network Excitability of Human Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Neurons. | Larsen ZH et al. | β | 2016 | β |
| Fishing for Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders: Zebrafish as a Model for Ethanol Teratogenesis. | Lovely CB et al. | β | 2016 | β |
| Inflammatory responses to alcohol in the CNS: nuclear receptors as potential therapeutics for alcohol-induced neuropathologies. | Kane CJ et al. | β | 2016 | β |
| Maternal fat-soluble vitamins, brain development, and regulation of feeding behavior: an overview of research. | SΓ‘nchez-HernΓ‘ndez D et al. | β | 2016 | β |
| Modeling Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder: Validating an Ex Vivo Primary Hippocampal Cell Culture System. | Tunc-Ozcan E et al. | β | 2016 | β |
| Novel window on early human neurodevelopment via fetal exosomes in maternal blood. | Goetzl L et al. | β | 2016 | β |
| Recognition memory is selectively impaired in adult rats exposed to binge-like doses of ethanol during early postnatal life. | MacIlvane NM et al. | β | 2016 | β |
| The chick embryo as a model for the effects of prenatal exposure to alcohol on craniofacial development. | Kiecker C | β | 2016 | β |
| The impact of prenatal alcohol exposure on social, cognitive and affective behavioral domains: Insights from rodent models. | Marquardt K et al. | β | 2016 | β |
| Effects of developmental alcohol exposure vs. intubation stress on BDNF and TrkB expression in the hippocampus and frontal cortex of neonatal rats. | Boschen KE et al. | β | 2015 | β |
| Embryonic alcohol exposure: Towards the development of a zebrafish model of fetal alcohol spectrum disorders. | Gerlai R | β | 2015 | β |
| Examination of the safety of pediatric vaccine schedules in a non-human primate model: assessments of neurodevelopment, learning, and social behavior. | Curtis B et al. | β | 2015 | β |
| Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders: An Overview from the Glia Perspective. | Wilhelm CJ et al. | β | 2015 | β |
| Gut region-dependent alterations of nitrergic myenteric neurons after chronic alcohol consumption. | BagyΓ‘nszki M et al. | β | 2015 | β |
| Impact of prenatal environmental stress on cortical development. | Ishii S et al. | β | 2015 | β |
| Impaired ILK Function Is Associated with Deficits in Hippocampal Based Memory and Synaptic Plasticity in a FASD Rat Model. | Bhattacharya D et al. | β | 2015 | β |
| Pre- and postnatal exposure to moderate levels of ethanol can have long-lasting effects on hippocampal glutamate uptake in adolescent offspring. | Brolese G et al. | β | 2015 | β |
| The Benefits of Exercise on Structural andΒ Functional Plasticity in the Rodent Hippocampus of Different Disease Models. | Patten AR et al. | β | 2015 | β |
| Experimental models of early exposure to alcohol: a way to unravel the neurobiology of mental retardation. | Granato A et al. | β | 2014 | β |