Phenotypic and familial associations between childhood maltreatment and cannabis initiation and problems in young adult European-American and African-American women.

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Authors: Grant, Julia D; Agrawal, Arpana; Werner, Kimberly B; McCutcheon, Vivia V; Nelson, Elliot C; Madden, Pamela A F; Bucholz, Kathleen K; Heath, Andrew C; Sartor, Carolyn E
Year: 2017
Journal: Drug and alcohol dependence
PMID: 28779616
DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2017.06.038
PMCID: PMC5599374

#	Section	Preview
0	1. Introduction	Childhood maltreatment – experiencing sexual abuse, physical abuse or neglect in childhood – has…
1	1. Introduction	(AAs) and European-Americans (EAs) (Sartor et al., 2015). In addition, in a recent study by our…
2	1. Introduction	Racial/ethnic differences in the prevalence and patterns of cannabis use onset and CUD have been…
3	1. Introduction	Given the escalating rates of cannabis use and CUD among AAs and the greater likelihood of exposure…
4	1. Introduction	that experiences of childhood maltreatment cluster within pairs of identical and fraternal twins…
5	1. Introduction	In addition, nearly all prior family and twin studies of cannabis involvement have been conducted in…
6	1. Introduction	The current investigation was designed to address two aims, using data from an all-female twin…
7	2. Methods — 2.1 Participants	The Missouri Adolescent Female Twin Study (MOAFTS) is a longitudinal study of substance use and…
8	2. Methods — 2.1 Participants	retest interview (Wave 3, n=1,370, median age=19). Between 2002 and 2005, all twins from the target…
9	2. Methods — 2.1 Participants	The base sample for present analyses was individuals who completed the Wave 4 interview, since it…
10	2. Methods — 2.2. Procedures	Data were collected via telephone interview using an adaptation of the Semi-Structured Assessment…
11	2. Methods — 2.3. Measures — 2.3.1. Childhood Maltreatment	Childhood maltreatment, defined as childhood physical abuse, sexual abuse, or neglect occurring…
12	2. Methods — 2.3. Measures — 2.3.2. Timing of Cannabis Initiation	Timing of initiation was examined as a three-level variable based on participants’ responses to…
13	2. Methods — 2.3. Measures — 2.3.3. Problem Use of Cannabis	Cannabis users were asked if they had ever experienced any of 6 DSM-IV dependence symptoms,…
14	2. Methods — 2.4. Data Analysis	Phenotypic analyses testing 1) racial/ethnic differences in prevalence and 2) associations between…
15	2. Methods — 2.4. Data Analysis	(E; environmental influences not shared by twins and error variance). A is indicated when the MZ…
16	3. Results	As shown in Table 1, AA women were significantly more likely to report childhood maltreatment…
17	3. Results — 3.1 Phenotypic Associations Between Maltreatment and Cannabis Outcomes — 3.1.1. Childhood Maltreatment and Timing of Cannabis Initiation	There was a moderate and significant correlation between maltreatment and cannabis initiation among…
18	3. Results — 3.1 Phenotypic Associations Between Maltreatment and Cannabis Outcomes — 3.1.2. Childhood Maltreatment and Cannabis Problems	The correlation between childhood maltreatment and cannabis problems (among N=1699 EA and N=318 AA…
19	3. Results — 3.2 Familial Influences On and Overlap Between Childhood Maltreatment and Cannabis Phenotypes — 3.2.1 Influences on Individual Phenotypes	Based on the twin-pair correlations (Table 2), a trivariate model with A, C, and E factors was…

Name	Type
AA	cohort
AA twins	cohort
Abuse symptoms	phenotype
additive genetic factor A local	variant
African American	cohort
African American cannabis users local	cohort
African-Americans	cohort
African ancestry women local	cohort
alcohol	phenotype
all-female twin sample aged 18–27 years local	cohort
cannabis dependence	phenotype
cannabis initiation	phenotype
Cannabis initiation at age 15 or older local	phenotype
Cannabis_Involvement local	phenotype
cannabis-related problems	phenotype
cannabis use	phenotype
cannabis use disorder	phenotype
Cannabis use onset	phenotype
Co-occurring psychopathology local	phenotype
Dizygotic twin local	cohort
DSM-IV	phenotype
Early cannabis initiation local	phenotype
early cannabis use	phenotype
Early initiation of cannabis local	phenotype
Early-onset cannabis use local	phenotype
EA twins	cohort
EA women local	cohort
European American cannabis users local	cohort
European ancestry	cohort
European ancestry women local	cohort
European population	cohort
family conflict	phenotype
Family-level risk factors local	phenotype
initiation	phenotype
Later-onset cannabis use local	phenotype
lifetime cannabis use	phenotype
Missouri Adolescent Female Twin Study	cohort
National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions	cohort
neglect	phenotype
Never cannabis use local	phenotype
non-shared environmental factor E local	variant
Onset of problem use beyond age 21 local	phenotype
parental alcoholism	phenotype
parental divorce/separation	phenotype
Past year cannabis use local	phenotype
physical abuse	phenotype
problem cannabis use	phenotype
problem use	phenotype
psychiatric disorders	phenotype
psychopathology	phenotype
Racial/ethnic groups local	cohort
shared environmental factor C local	variant
Sibling early initiation of cannabis local	phenotype
socioeconomic status	phenotype
substance use	phenotype
target cohort	cohort
Twin cohort	cohort
Wave 1 interview local	cohort
wave 2	cohort
Wave 3 interview local	cohort
Wave 4 interview local	cohort
Wave 5 interview local	cohort
withdrawal	phenotype
young women	cohort
Young_Women local	cohort

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Trauma exposure among cannabis use disorder individuals was associated with a craving-correlated non-habituating amygdala response to aversive cues.	Regier PS et al.	—	2022	→
Psychosocial moderation of polygenic risk for cannabis involvement: the role of trauma exposure and frequency of religious service attendance.	Meyers JL et al.	—	2019	→

Phenotypic and familial associations between childhood maltreatment and cannabis initiation and problems in young adult European-American and African-American women.

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