Critical role of cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1) in the development of high fat-induced non-alcoholic steatohepatitis.
paper
Cited
Public
- Authors
- Abdelmegeed, Mohamed A; Banerjee, Atrayee; Yoo, Seong-Ho; Jang, Sehwan; Gonzalez, Frank J; Song, Byoung-Joon
- Year
- 2012
- Journal
- Journal of hepatology
- PMID
- 22668639
- DOI
- 10.1016/j.jhep.2012.05.019
- PMCID
- PMC3445664
BACKGROUND & AIMS: Ethanol-inducible cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1) activity contributes to oxidative stress. However, CYP2E1 may have an important role in the pathogenesis of high-fat mediated non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Thus, the role of CYP2E1 in high-fat mediated NASH development was evaluated. METHODS: Male wild type (WT) and Cyp2e1-null mice were fed a low-fat diet (LFD, 10% energy-derived) or a high-fat diet (HFD, 60% energy-derived) for 10 weeks. Liver histology and tissue homogenates were examined for various parameters of oxidative stress and inflammation. RESULTS: Liver histology showed that only WT mice fed a HFD developed NASH despite the presence of increased steatosis in both WT and Cyp2e1-null mice fed HFD. Markers of oxidative stress such as elevated CYP2E1 activity and protein amounts, lipid peroxidation, protein carbonylation, nitration, and glycation with increased phospho-JNK were all markedly elevated only in the livers of HFD-fed WT mice. Furthermore, while the levels of inflammation markers osteopontin and F4/80 were higher in HFD-fed WT mice, TNFΞ± and MCP-1 levels were lower compared to the corresponding LFD-fed WT. Finally, only HFD-fed WT mice exhibited increased insulin resistance and impaired glucose tolerance. CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest that CYP2E1 is critically important in NASH development by promoting oxidative/nitrosative stress, protein modifications, inflammation, and insulin resistance.
Effects of LFD or HFD on hepatic steatosis and inflammationPhotomicrographs (200Γ) following H&E staining from the indicated mouse livers are presented: (A) WT fed LFD, (B) Cyp2e1-null fed LFD, (C) WT fed HFD (necro-inflammatory foci shown with circular broken lines) (D) Cyp2e1-null fed HFD. Individual scores of hepatic steatosis (E), hepatocyte ballooning (F), lobular inflammation (G), NAFLD histological scoring system (H), and hepatic triglyceride levels (I) were tabulated for all four groups where WT-fed HFD was the only group to achieve a NAS of 5.
Changes in the levels of CYP2E1 protein levels, CYP2E1 activity, MDA+HAE concentration, hepatic protein oxidation, nitration and glycosylation parameters(AβC) Equal amounts of whole liver lysates from different groups were used to determine: (A) CYP2E1 protein levels (upper panel) and p38 as a loading control (lower panel) by immunoblot analysis; (B) CYP2E1 activity evaluated by measuring the rate of PNP oxidation to p-nitrocatechol, and (C) hepatic MDA+HAE as a marker for lipid peroxidation. *Significantly different from all other groups. N.D.: not detected. (D) Protein oxidation was determined using Oxyblot analysis of total cells lysates from all four groups (upper panel) or negative control (lower panel). (E) Equal amounts of whole liver lysates (40 ΞΌg/well) from different groups were used to determine protein nitration using anti-3-NT antibody (upper panel) or p38 as a loading control (lower panel). (F) Total cell lysates were used to evaluate the levels of AGE (top), RAGE (middle), or p38 as a loading control (bottom) from all four groups using immunoblot analysis. (G) Whole liver homogenates from different groups were used to determine the levels of glycoproteins (arrows indicate increased levels of glycoproteins). (H) Equal protein loading for the samples analyzed for glycoproteins was verified by staining with silver.
Effects of HFD on the levels of OPN, F4/80, TNFΞ±, and MCP-1(A) Whole liver lysates were used to evaluate the levels of OPN (upper panel), cleaved OPN (middle panel), or the loading control p38 (lower panel) by immunoblot analyses. (BβE) F4/80 positive cells were also determined in all four groups using immunohistochemistry. Arrows indicate F4/80 positive cells. (F) The number of F4/80 positive cells was evaluated in at least five high power fields (HPF) (inset in D). Intrahepatic levels of TNFΞ± (G) and MCP-1 (H) determined by ELISA are shown. *Significantly different from all other groups for Figures (F,H). #Significantly different from corresponding null group for Figure (H).
Activation of JNK, increased IR, and impaired GT in WT-FHDA,B) Whole liver lysates were used to evaluate the levels of P-JNK (top) and JNK (bottom) by immunoblot analyses. C,D) IR was evaluated by injecting insulin (ip, 0.75 U/kg; Eli Lilly), while GT was determined by injecting glucose (ip, 2 g/kg) into each mouse fasted for 6 hours. Tail blood from each mouse was collected at indicated times following insulin or glucose injection. Each point represents the average value (CβF). *Significantly different from the corresponding time-course groups.
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