The effect of alcohol priming on neural markers of alcohol cue-reactivity.
- Authors
- Courtney, Kelly E; Ghahremani, Dara G; Ray, Lara A
- Year
- 2015
- Journal
- The American journal of drug and alcohol abuse
- PMID
- 26125586
- DOI
- 10.3109/00952990.2015.1044608
- PMCID
- PMC4651007
BACKGROUND: Priming doses of alcohol are associated with increased desire to drink and disinhibitory effects on subsequent control over drinking. Despite the importance of alcohol priming in the cue-reactivity literature, the effects of priming on brain responses to alcohol cues remains unclear. Furthermore, evidence suggests this relationship may be moderated by OPRM1 genotype. METHODS: Twenty individuals with alcohol dependence (six females; 90% Caucasian; mean age = 29.4) who were prospectively genotyped on the OPRM1 gene underwent two functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) sessions, before and after a priming dose of alcohol, each including a gustatory alcohol cue reactivity paradigm and self-reported craving measures. RESULTS: Self-reported alcohol craving generally increased and remained higher for alcohol versus water cue presentations across pre- and post-priming scans. Compared to alcohol cues delivered during the post-priming scan, alcohol cues delivered pre-priming were associated with greater activation in regions including the hippocampus, amygdala, inferior frontal gyrus, temporal cortex, and occipital cortex. Controlling for alcoholism severity increased statistical significance of activation in these regions. Follow-up analyses revealed a positive correlation between alcoholism severity and pre- versus post-priming alcohol cue-reactivity primarily in frontal regions. OPRM1 genotype was also found to moderate alcohol cue-reactivity across scans. CONCLUSION: This study provides initial evidence of alcohol cue-elicited habituation in fronto-temporal regions, despite continued craving, following a priming dose of alcohol. Further, it provides preliminary evidence for moderating roles of alcoholism severity and OPRM1 genotype on priming-related changes in cue-reactivity, adding to our understanding of the function of alcohol priming in alcohol dependence.
Schematic of a single taste cue trial and portions of the trial that were explicitly modeled in the general linear model fMRI analysis.
Mean self-reported craving ratings during the Alcohol Cues Task. *p < .05, **p < .001
Brain activation within the alcohol- versus water-cue, pre- versus post-priming scan contrast, controlling for alcoholism severity (see Table 3 for list of regions). Z-statistic maps are whole-brain cluster-corrected, Z>2.3, p=0.05. Coordinates are in MNI space, and the brain is displayed in radiological convention (left = right).
Brain activation within the alcohol- versus water-cue, pre- versus post-priming scan contrast which positively correlates with alcoholism severity (see Table 4 for list of regions). Z-statistic maps are whole-brain cluster-corrected at a reduced threshold of Z>1.96, p=0.05. Coordinates are in MNI space, and the brain is displayed in radiological convention (left = right).
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