Subjective response to alcohol among alcohol-dependent individuals: effects of the μ-opioid receptor (OPRM1) gene and alcoholism severity.
- Authors
- Ray, Lara A; Bujarski, Spencer; MacKillop, James; Courtney, Kelly E; Monti, Peter M; Miotto, Karen
- Year
- 2013
- Journal
- Alcoholism, clinical and experimental research
- PMID
- 23240711
- DOI
- 10.1111/j.1530-0277.2012.01916.x
- PMCID
- PMC3548029
BACKGROUND: Subjective response to alcohol has been examined as a marker of alcoholism risk. The A118G single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) of the mu-opioid receptor (OPRM1) gene has been previously associated with subjective response to alcohol in heavy drinkers. This study seeks to extend the literature by examining the effect of OPRM1 genotype on responses to alcohol in a sample of alcohol-dependent individuals. A secondary aim of this study is to examine alcoholism severity as a predictor of subjective responses to alcohol. METHODS: Nontreatment seeking problem drinkers (n = 295) were assessed in the laboratory for clinical dimensions of alcohol dependence. Following prospective genotyping, 43 alcohol-dependent individuals across the 2 genotype conditions (AA, n = 23 and AG/GG, n = 20) were randomized to 2 intravenous infusion sessions: 1 of alcohol (target breath alcohol concentration = 0.06 g/dl) and 1 of saline. Measures of subjective responses to alcohol were administered in both infusion sessions. RESULTS: Alcohol-dependent G-allele carriers reported greater alcohol-induced stimulation, vigor, and positive mood, as compared to A-allele homozygotes. There was no genotype effect on alcohol-induced sedation or craving. There was a statistical trend-level severity × alcohol interaction such that individuals at higher levels of severity reported greater alcohol-induced tension reduction. CONCLUSIONS: These results support the hypothesis that OPRM1 genotype moderates the hedonic effects of alcohol, but not the sedative and unpleasant effects of alcohol, in a sample of alcohol-dependent patients. Results are discussed in light of a clinical neuroscience framework to alcoholism.
Observed Breath Alcohol Concentration (BrAC) as a function of time (in hours) for both OPRM1 genotype groups.
LLM interpretation
This line graph shows Breath Alcohol Concentration (BrAC) in g/dl as a function of duration in hours. Two groups, OPRM1 AA and OPRM1 AG/GG, are plotted, both showing a nearly identical upward trend in BrAC over a period of approximately 1.3 hours. The lines for both genotype groups overlap almost entirely throughout the duration of the observation.
Predicted values for Stimulation as a function of Time (BrAC or Assessment Time) for Alcohol (ALC) and placebo (PLAC) conditions, for A-allele homozygotes (A) and G-allele carriers (B).
LLM interpretation
This line graph shows predicted BAES Stimulation values over time for the OPRM1 AG/GG group. The placebo condition (PLAC, blue line) shows a slight, gradual increase over time, while the alcohol condition (ALC, red line) shows a steeper, linear increase. The two lines intersect shortly after time 0, with the ALC group reaching a higher stimulation value by time 3.
Predicted values for Vigor as a function of Time (BrAC or Assessment Time) for Alcohol (ALC) and placebo (PLAC) conditions, for A-allele homozygotes (A) and G-allele carriers (B).
LLM interpretation
This line graph shows predicted POMS Vigor values over time for the OPRM1 AG/GG group under placebo (PLAC) and alcohol (ALC) conditions. The placebo group (blue line) shows a slight decrease in vigor over time, while the alcohol group (red line) shows a steady increase. The two lines intersect between time points 2 and 3, with the alcohol group ending at a higher vigor value than the placebo group.
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