Rewarding, stimulant, and sedative alcohol responses and relationship to future binge drinking.

paper Cited Public

Authors: King, Andrea C; de Wit, Harriet; McNamara, Patrick J; Cao, Dingcai
Year: 2011
Journal: Archives of general psychiatry
PMID: 21464363
DOI: 10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2011.26
PMCID: PMC4633413

CONTEXT: Excessive consumption of alcohol is a major problem in the United States and abroad. Despite many years of study, it is unclear why some individuals drink alcohol excessively while others do not. It has been postulated that either lower or greater acute responses to alcohol, or both, depending on the limb of the breath alcohol concentration curve, contribute to propensity for alcohol misuse. OBJECTIVE: To prospectively assess the relationship of acute alcohol responses to future binge drinking. DESIGN: Within-subject, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multidose laboratory alcohol challenge study with intensive follow-up. Each participant completed 3 randomized sessions examining responses to a high (0.8 g/kg) and low (0.4 g/kg) alcohol dose and placebo, followed by quarterly assessments for 2 years examining drinking behaviors and alcohol diagnoses. SETTING: Participants recruited from the community. PARTICIPANTS: High-risk heavy social drinkers aged 21 to 35 years who habitually engage in weekly binge drinking (n = 104) and light drinker controls (n = 86). INTERVENTION: We conducted 570 laboratory sessions with a subsequent 99.1% follow-up (1506 of 1520). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Biphasic Alcohol Effects Scale, Drug Effects Questionnaire, cortisol response, Timeline Follow-Back, Drinker Inventory of Consequences-Recent, and DSM-IV alcohol abuse and dependence. RESULTS: Alcohol produced greater stimulant and rewarding (liking and wanting) responses and lower sedative and cortisol responses in heavy vs light drinkers. Among the heavy drinkers, greater positive effects and lower sedative effects after alcohol consumption predicted increased binge drinking frequency during follow-up. In turn, greater frequency of binge drinking during follow-up was associated with greater likelihood of meeting diagnostic criteria for alcohol abuse and dependence. CONCLUSIONS: The widely held low level response theory and differentiator model should be revised: in high-risk drinkers, stimulant and rewarding alcohol responses even at peak breath alcohol concentrations are important predictors of future alcohol problems. TRIAL REGISTRATION: clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT00961792.

Figure 1

Heavy and light drinkers’ breath alcohol concentrations (BrAC) (A) and Drug Effects Questionnaire (DEQ; range, 0.0–1.0) feel drug ratings (B) during the sessions. For feel drug, light drinkers had higher ratings during the high dose than did heavy drinkers at all time points; P<.001. The shaded bar indicates the alcohol drinking interval from time 0 to 15 minutes. Error bars indicate standard error.

Figure 2

Heavy and light drinkers’ subjective stimulant and rewarding responses, including the Biphasic Alcohol Effects Scale (BAES; range, 10–70) stimulation (A) and the Drug Effects Questionnaire (DEQ; range, 0.0–1.0) for like (B) and want more (C) during the sessions. Post hoc analysis of a significant group×dose×time interaction revealed that for stimulation at the high dose, heavy drinkers had higher ratings than light drinkers at 30 minutes (P<.05) and 60 minutes (P<.06). Post hoc analysis of a significant group×dose interaction for like at the high dose revealed that heavy drinkers had higher ratings than light drinkers at 30, 60, and 120 minutes (P<.01 for all), and a significant group×dose interaction for want more at the high dose and low dose revealed that heavy drinkers had higher ratings than light drinkers at all time points (P<.001 for all). The shaded bar indicates the alcohol drinking interval from time 0 to 15 minutes. Error bars indicate standard error.

Figure 3

Heavy and light drinkers’ Biphasic Alcohol Effects Scale (BAES; range, 10–70) sedation (A) and salivary cortisol (B) responses during the sessions. Post hoc analysis of a significant group×dose×time interaction revealed that for sedation at the high alcohol dose, light drinkers had higher ratings than heavy drinkers at 30, 60, and 120 minutes (P <.001 for all) and at the low dose, light drinkers had higher ratings than heavy drinkers at 60 minutes (P<.05). Post hoc analysis of a significant group×dose×time interaction for cortisol at the high dose revealed that the light drinkers had higher levels than heavy drinkers at 120 and 180 minutes (P<.01 for all). The shaded bar indicates the alcohol drinking interval from time 0 to 15 minutes. Error bars indicate standard error. (To convert cortisol to nanomoles per liter, multiply by 27.588).

Figure 4

Trajectory groups during the 2-year follow-up. Trajectory data were based on the self-reported frequency of past-month binge drinking days obtained at each quarterly interval. A discrete mixture modeling approach determined by the Bayesian Information Criterion for model selection revealed a 2-trajectory group (nonbinge and infrequent binge) model for the light drinkers and a 4-trajectory group (gradual maturing, moderate-frequency binge, high-frequency binge, and exacerbating) model for the heavy drinkers best described the data.

Figure 5

Heavy and light drinkers’ trajectory groups’ initial alcohol responses, including the Drug Effects Questionnaire (DEQ; range, 0.0–1.0) for like (A) and want more (B) and the Biphasic Alcohol Effects Scale (BAES; range, 10–70) for stimulation (C) and sedation (D). Alcohol responses are indicated as the mean for each trajectory group based on participants’ change score: high dose (60 minutes - baseline) – placebo (60 minutes -baseline). In light drinkers, there were no significant associations of alcohol response to trajectory group. In heavy drinkers, higher ratings for like (P <.001) and want more (P <.001) and lower ratings for sedation (P <.05) were significantly linearly associated with drinking trajectory group. Error bars indicate standard error.

#	Section	Preview
0	METHODS — PARTICIPANTS	The Chicago Social Drinking Project was approved by The University of Chicago Institutional Review…
1	METHODS — PARTICIPANTS	light drinking3,35,48 and to be consistent with prior studies.21,49–51 These groups were heavy…
2	METHODS — SCREENING AND EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURES	Participants were recruited through advertisements in local media, on Internet Web sites, by flyers,…
3	METHODS — SCREENING AND EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURES	or urine toxicology screen (cocaine, opiates, benzodiazepines, amphetamines, barbiturates, and…
4	METHODS — PHASE 1: LABORATORY SESSIONS	The first phase of the study consisted of 3 randomized 5-hour laboratory sessions, each beginning…
5	METHODS — PHASE 1: LABORATORY SESSIONS	Upon arrival, the participant completed a questionnaire to confirm compliance with 48-hour drug and…
6	METHODS — PHASE 1: LABORATORY SESSIONS	Forty-five minutes after arrival, the participant completed baseline subjective and objective…
7	METHODS — PHASE 1: LABORATORY SESSIONS	when the BrAC was 0.04 mg/L (0.04%) or lower, the participant was transported home by a car service…
8	METHODS — SUBJECTIVE EFFECTS	Repeated assessments of subjective states by the Biphasic Alcohol Effects Scale68 and the Drug…
9	METHODS — OBJECTIVE EFFECTS	Saliva samples for cortisol determination were also collected at each time point using a cotton…
10	METHODS — PHASE 2: FOLLOW-UP	The second phase of the study was a 2-year follow-up interval. After completion of the laboratory…
11	METHODS — STATISTICAL ANALYSIS	Demographic and drinking characteristics for the groups were examined by t tests and χ2 tests, as…
12	METHODS — STATISTICAL ANALYSIS	To examine the relationship of subjective alcohol response (stimulation, like, want more, and…
13	METHODS — STATISTICAL ANALYSIS	Participants were classified into different drinking trajectory groups on the basis of their…
14	METHODS — STATISTICAL ANALYSIS	generalized estimation equations models were then conducted to examine the effects of each response…
15	RESULTS — OVERVIEW	The groups were similar on most demographic characteristics (Table 1). As expected, the HD were…
16	RESULTS — ALCOHOL RESPONSE: HD VS LD	Alcohol dose-dependently increased self-report ratings of feel drug (Figure 1B), with the LD more…
17	RESULTS — ALCOHOL RESPONSE: HD VS LD	Increases in Biphasic Alcohol Effects Scale sedation were noted in both groups after alcohol…
18	RESULTS — ALCOHOL RESPONSE: HD VS LD	The aforementioned differences between the HD and the LD on stimulation, like, want more, sedation,…
19	RESULTS — DRINKING BEHAVIORS DURING THE FOLLOW-UP INTERVAL	Retention rates were very high in this study, with 1506 of a possible 1520 quarterly follow-ups…

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Tasting through the lens of the mind: The impact of personality and mental health on wine sensory and psychoactive effects.	Tommasi M et al.	—	2025	→
The Dopamine System in Mediating Alcohol Effects in Humans.	Beck A et al.	—	2025	→
The Effects of Alcohol in Groups of Heavy Drinking Young Adults: A Multi-Modal Investigation of Alcohol Responses in a Laboratory Social Setting.	Creswell KG et al.	—	2025	→
The need for multi-participant alcohol administration studies.	Creswell KG et al.	—	2025	→
The persistent effects of exposure to a predator odor stressor on sensitivity to alcohol.	Tyler RE et al.	—	2025	→
A randomized trial of the effects of COMT inhibition on subjective response to alcohol: Moderation by baseline COMT activity and mediation of alcohol self-administration.	Schacht JP et al.	—	2024	→
A translational rodent model of individual differences in sensitivity to the aversive properties of ethanol.	Przybysz KR et al.	—	2024	→
Attenuated incubation of ethanol-induced conditioned taste aversion in a model of dependence.	Ramirez LA et al.	—	2024	→
Changes in ethanol effects in knock-in mice expressing ethanol insensitive alpha1 and alpha2 glycine receptor subunits.	San Martin LS et al.	—	2024	→
Dopamine D2 receptors in the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis modulate alcohol-related behaviors.	Pati D et al.	—	2024	→
Do sleep and circadian characteristics predict alcohol use in adult drinkers?	Burgess HJ et al.	—	2024	→
Effects of social drinking context on subjective effects, affect, and next-day appraisals in the natural environment.	Acuff SF et al.	—	2024	→
Genetic influences on alcohol sensitivity: A critical review.	Yeung EW et al.	—	2024	→
High-intensity sweet taste as a predictor of subjective alcohol responses to the ascending limb of an intravenous alcohol prime: an fMRI study.	Alessi J et al.	—	2024	→
Increased anxiolytic effect in aged female rats and increased motoric behavior in aged male rats to acute alcohol administration: Comparison to younger animals.	Matthews DB et al.	—	2024	→
Mesocorticolimbic system reactivity to alcohol use-related visual cues as a function of alcohol sensitivity phenotype: A pilot fMRI study.	Cofresí RU et al.	—	2024	→
mGlu<sub>2</sub> and mGlu<sub>3</sub> receptor negative allosteric modulators attenuate the interoceptive effects of alcohol in male and female rats.	Tyler RE et al.	—	2024	→
Palatability attributed to alcohol and alcohol-paired flavors.	Valyear MD et al.	—	2024	→
Patterns of neuronal activation following ethanol-induced social facilitation and social inhibition in adolescent cFos-LacZ male and female rats.	Towner TT et al.	—	2024	→
Retrospective self-reports of sensitivity to the effects of alcohol: Trait-like stability and concomitant changes with alcohol involvement.	Kohen CB et al.	—	2024	→
Signal processing and machine learning with transdermal alcohol concentration to predict natural environment alcohol consumption.	Didier NA et al.	—	2024	→
Six months of voluntary alcohol consumption in male cynomolgus macaques reduces intracortical bone porosity without altering mineralization or mechanical properties.	Kuah AH et al.	—	2024	→
The crosstalk between fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) system and substance use.	Wang T et al.	—	2024	→
The effects of simultaneous alcohol and cannabis use on subjective drug effects: A narrative review across methodologies.	Bedillion MF et al.	—	2024	→
Use of mindfulness training to improve BAC self-estimation during a drinking episode.	Kelly AR et al.	—	2024	→
Within-episode relations among simultaneous alcohol and cannabis use and continued drinking: The role of momentary subjective responses, craving, and drinking context.	Waddell JT et al.	—	2024	→
β-Endorphin influences sedative and ataxic effects of alcohol.	Stea SG et al.	—	2024	→
Activation of GABA<sub>B</sub> receptors in central amygdala attenuates activity of PKCδ + neurons and suppresses punishment-resistant alcohol self-administration in rats.	Domi E et al.	—	2023	→
A preliminary investigation of salivary α-amylase as a novel biomarker of subjective response to alcohol: A brief report.	King SE et al.	—	2023	→
Are medication effects on subjective response to alcohol and cue-induced craving associated? A meta regression study.	Ray LA et al.	—	2023	→
Assessing real-time positive subjective effects of alcohol using high-resolution ecological momentary assessment in risky versus light drinkers.	Fridberg DJ et al.	—	2023	→
Blunted neural reward response to alcohol and greater alcohol motivation in binge drinkers in a randomized clinical experiment.	Blaine S et al.	—	2023	→
Cognitive preoccupation with drinking and behavioral effects of alcohol as predictors of current consumption patterns.	Allen HC et al.	—	2023	→
Consuming oral cannabidiol prior to a standard alcohol dose has minimal effect on breath alcohol level and subjective effects of alcohol.	Karoly HC et al.	—	2023	→
Differential effects of UPPS-P impulsivity on subjective alcohol response and craving: An experimental test of acquired preparedness.	Waddell JT et al.	—	2023	→
Disentangling between- and within-person alcohol and expectancy effects on acute alcohol craving.	Waddell JT et al.	—	2023	→
Drinking context, alcohol use, and subjective responses during binge drinking episodes measured by high-resolution ecological momentary assessment (HR-EMA).	Fischer AM et al.	—	2023	→
Dynamic relations among simultaneous alcohol and cannabis use, subjective responses, and problem drinking during naturally occurring drinking episodes.	Waddell JT et al.	—	2023	→
Heightened motor impairment as a protective factor against heavy drinking in individuals with high alcohol-induced disinhibition.	Allen HC et al.	—	2023	→
Holding your liquor: Comparison of alcohol-induced psychomotor impairment in drinkers with and without alcohol use disorder.	Didier N et al.	—	2023	→
Imaging the brain's immune response to alcohol with [<sup>11</sup>C]PBR28 TSPO Positron Emission Tomography.	Raval NR et al.	—	2023	→
Influence of early-life adversity on responses to acute and chronic ethanol in female mice.	Okhuarobo A et al.	—	2023	→
Intoxicating effects of alcohol depend on acid-sensing ion channels.	Harmata GIS et al.	—	2023	→
People who binge drink show neuroendocrine tolerance to alcohol cues that is associated with immediate and future drinking- results from a randomized clinical experiment.	Blaine SK et al.	—	2023	→
Stimulant-like subjective effects of alcohol are not related to resting-state connectivity in healthy men.	Han J et al.	—	2023	→
Subjective effects of simultaneous alcohol and cannabis versus alcohol-only use: A qualitative analysis.	Waddell JT et al.	—	2023	→
Subjective response to alcohol in young adults with bipolar disorder and recent alcohol use: a within-subject randomized placebo-controlled alcohol administration study.	Lippard ETC et al.	—	2023	→
The effect of alcohol use on smoking cessation: A systematic review.	van Amsterdam J et al.	—	2023	→
The interplay between DNA methylation and cardiac autonomic system functioning: a systematic review.	Dos Santos Oliveira NC et al.	—	2023	→
Ventral prefrontal network response to alcohol in young adults with bipolar disorder: a within-subject randomized placebo-controlled alcohol administration study.	Kirsch DE et al.	—	2023	→
A critical review of front-loading: A maladaptive drinking pattern driven by alcohol's rewarding effects.	Ardinger CE et al.	—	2022	→
Acute sensitization of the P3 event-related potential response to beverage images and the risk for alcohol use disorder.	Cofresí RU et al.	—	2022	→
Apremilast-induced increases in acute ethanol intoxication and decreases in ethanol drinking in mice involve PKA phosphorylation of GABA<sub>A</sub> β3 subunits.	Blednov YA et al.	—	2022	→
Behavioral response bias and event-related brain potentials implicate elevated incentive salience attribution to alcohol cues in emerging adults with lower sensitivity to alcohol.	Cofresí RU et al.	—	2022	→
Craving, stimulation, and sedation as predictors of alcohol demand under intoxication.	Motschman CA et al.	—	2022	→
Effects of alcohol on sleep and nocturnal heart rate: Relationships to intoxication and morning-after effects.	Pabon E et al.	—	2022	→
Genome-wide association mapping of ethanol sensitivity in the Diversity Outbred mouse population.	Parker CC et al.	—	2022	→
Haven't lost the positive feeling: a dose-response, oral alcohol challenge study in drinkers with alcohol use disorder.	King AC et al.	—	2022	→
Hazardous drinking and alcohol use disorders.	MacKillop J et al.	—	2022	→
Leucine-Rich Repeat Kinase 2 limits dopamine D1 receptor signaling in striatum and biases against heavy persistent alcohol drinking	da Silva e Silva D et al.	—	2022	—
Low versus high level of response to alcohol affects amygdala functional connectivity during processing of emotional stimuli.	McKenna BS et al.	—	2022	→
Moderators of subjective response to alcohol in the human laboratory.	Nieto SJ et al.	—	2022	→
Momentary subjective responses to alcohol as predictors of continuing to drink during daily-life drinking episodes.	Wycoff AM et al.	—	2022	→
SIGH, what's in a name? An examination of the factor structure and criterion validity of the (Structured Interview Guide for the) Hamilton Anxiety scale (SIGH-A) in a sample of African American adults with co-occurring trauma experience and heavy alcohol use.	Marks RM et al.	—	2022	→
Sleep and circadian differences between light and heavy adult alcohol drinkers.	Burgess HJ et al.	—	2022	→
The impact of alcohol priming on craving and motivation to drink: a meta-analysis.	Halsall L et al.	—	2022	→
The neurobiological markers of acute alcohol's subjective effects in humans.	Hamel R et al.	—	2022	→
The prospective interactive effects of alcohol expectancies and subjective response on future drinking behavior.	Waddell JT et al.	—	2022	→
Within- and between-person effects of naltrexone on the subjective response to alcohol and craving: A daily diary investigation.	Waddell JT et al.	—	2022	→
Acute administration of oxycodone, alcohol, and their combination on simulated driving-preliminary outcomes in healthy adults.	Babalonis S et al.	—	2021	→
Acute rewarding and disinhibiting effects of alcohol as indicators of drinking habits.	Allen HC et al.	—	2021	→
Alcohol subjective responses in heavy drinkers: Measuring acute effects in the natural environment versus the controlled laboratory setting.	Fridberg DJ et al.	—	2021	→
A meta-regression of methodological features that predict the effects of medications on the subjective response to alcohol.	Green R et al.	—	2021	→
Binge Drinking: The Top 100 Cited Papers.	Cortés-Tomás MT et al.	—	2021	→
Characterising patterns of alcohol use among heavy drinkers: A cluster analysis utilising alcohol biosensor data.	Gunn RL et al.	—	2021	→
Clinical and Neural Correlates of Reward and Relief Drinking.	Burnette EM et al.	—	2021	→
Common Factors Underlying Diverse Responses in Alcohol Use Disorder.	Chebolu E et al.	—	2021	→
Contextual influences on subjective alcohol response.	Corbin WR et al.	—	2021	→
Do behavioral pharmacology findings predict clinical trial outcomes? A proof-of-concept in medication development for alcohol use disorder.	Ray LA et al.	—	2021	→
Effect of intravenous ghrelin administration, combined with alcohol, on circulating metabolome in heavy drinking individuals with alcohol use disorder.	Kärkkäinen O et al.	—	2021	→
Effects of alcohol sensitivity on alcohol-induced blackouts and passing out: An examination of the alcohol sensitivity questionnaire among underage drinkers.	Davis CN et al.	—	2021	→
Ethanol-Related Behaviors in Mouse Lines Selectively Bred for Drinking to Intoxication.	Jensen BE et al.	—	2021	→
High Recreational Gamblers Show Increased Stimulatory Effects of an Acute Laboratory Gambling Challenge.	Miller L et al.	—	2021	→
Neural correlates of inhibitory control are associated with stimulant-like effects of alcohol.	Weafer J et al.	—	2021	→
Social facilitation of alcohol subjective effects in adolescents: Associations with subsequent alcohol use.	Kirkpatrick MG et al.	—	2021	→
Striatal activation to monetary reward is associated with alcohol reward sensitivity.	Radoman M et al.	—	2021	→
Subjective alcohol responses in high- and low-risk adolescents: results from the Dresden Longitudinal Study on Alcohol Use in Young Adults.	Chavarria J et al.	—	2021	→
Subjective Responses to Alcohol in the Development and Maintenance of Alcohol Use Disorder.	King A et al.	—	2021	→
Subjective response to alcohol: Associated alcohol use and orbitofrontal gray matter volume in bipolar disorder.	Tretyak V et al.	—	2021	→
Translating preclinical models of alcohol seeking and consumption into the human laboratory using intravenous alcohol self-administration paradigms.	Cyders MA et al.	—	2021	→
Alcohol Sensitivity as an Endophenotype of Alcohol Use Disorder: Exploring Its Translational Utility between Rodents and Humans.	Parker CC et al.	—	2020	→
Alcohol sensitivity in women after undergoing bariatric surgery: a cross-sectional study.	Acevedo MB et al.	—	2020	→
A multimodal, longitudinal investigation of alcohol's emotional rewards and drinking over time in young adults.	Venerable WJ et al.	—	2020	→
An Exploratory Factor Analysis of the Stimulant, Sedative, and Affective Responses to Alcohol.	Grodin EN et al.	—	2020	→
Chronic Voluntary Binge Ethanol Consumption Causes Sex-Specific Differences in Microglial Signaling Pathways and Withdrawal-associated Behaviors in Mice.	Rath M et al.	—	2020	→
Conceptualizing Health Behaviors as Acute Mood-Altering Agents: Implications for Cancer Control.	Dunton GF et al.	—	2020	→
Context, acute tolerance, and subjective response affect alcohol-impaired driving decisions.	Motschman CA et al.	—	2020	→
Is craving a risk factor for substance use among treatment-seeking individuals with alcohol and other drugs use disorders? A meta-analytic review.	Cavicchioli M et al.	—	2020	→
Mechanisms of Alcohol Addiction: Bridging Human and Animal Studies.	Kramer J et al.	—	2020	→
Orbitofrontal Cortex Encodes Preference for Alcohol.	Hernandez JS et al.	—	2020	→
Pain and reward circuits antagonistically modulate alcohol expectancy to regulate drinking.	Le TM et al.	—	2020	→
Poor inhibitory control is associated with greater stimulation and less sedation following alcohol.	Weafer J et al.	—	2020	→
Reduced expression of ethanol sensitization by α3β4 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in DBA/2J mice.	Miller CN et al.	—	2020	→
Subjective Effects of Alcohol Predict Alcohol Choice in Social Drinkers.	Li J et al.	—	2020	→
The effects of adolescent alcohol exposure on learning and related neurobiology in humans and rodents.	Seemiller LR et al.	—	2020	→
The Feasibility, Tolerability, and Safety of Administering a Very High Alcohol Dose to Drinkers with Alcohol Use Disorder.	Vena A et al.	—	2020	→
To Infuse or Ingest in Human Laboratory Alcohol Research.	Cyders MA et al.	—	2020	→
A Mechanism Linking Two Known Vulnerability Factors for Alcohol Abuse: Heightened Alcohol Stimulation and Low Striatal Dopamine D2 Receptors.	Bocarsly ME et al.	—	2019	→
Anhedonia as a phenotypic marker of familial transmission of polysubstance use trajectories across midadolescence.	Cho J et al.	—	2019	→
Commentary on Jones J, Jones KN and Peil J (2018) The impact of the legalization of recreational marijuana on college students. <i>Addictive Behaviors</i> 77: 255-259, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2017.08.015.	Jones J et al.	—	2019	→
Comparison of Subjective Responses to Oral and Intravenous Alcohol Administration Under Similar Systemic Exposures.	Plawecki MH et al.	—	2019	→
Does Self-Reported or Behavioral Impulsivity Predict Subjective Response to Low-Dose Alcohol?	Berey BL et al.	—	2019	→
Evidence for incentive salience sensitization as a pathway to alcohol use disorder.	Cofresí RU et al.	—	2019	→
Interactive Effects of Naturalistic Drinking Context and Alcohol Sensitivity on Neural Alcohol Cue-Reactivity Responses.	Martins JS et al.	—	2019	→
Interneuronal δ-GABA<sub>A</sub> receptors regulate binge drinking and are necessary for the behavioral effects of early withdrawal.	Melón LC et al.	—	2019	→
Is Cognitive Impairment Related to Violations of Rationality? A Laboratory Alcohol Intoxication Study Testing Transitivity of Preference.	Davis-Stober CP et al.	—	2019	→
Predictors of quickly progressing from initiating alcohol use to engaging in binge drinking among adolescents.	Morean ME et al.	—	2019	→
Preliminary Evidence That Real World Sleep Timing and Duration are Associated With Laboratory-Assessed Alcohol Response.	Hasler BP et al.	—	2019	→
Real-Time Mobile Monitoring of Drinking Episodes in Young Adult Heavy Drinkers: Development and Comparative Survey Study.	Fridberg DJ et al.	—	2019	→
Relationships between generalized impulsivity and subjective stimulant and sedative responses following alcohol administration.	Berey BL et al.	—	2019	→
Suggestibility is associated with alcohol self-administration, subjective alcohol effects, and self-reported drinking behavior.	Stangl BL et al.	—	2019	→
The dopamine transporter VNTR polymorphism moderates the relationship between acute response to alcohol and future alcohol use disorder symptoms.	Schacht JP et al.	—	2019	→
The Human Laboratory and Drug Development in Alcohol Use Disorder: Recent Updates.	Chukwueke CC et al.	—	2019	→
The Interplay Between Subjective Response to Alcohol, Craving, and Alcohol Self-Administration in the Human Laboratory.	Green R et al.	—	2019	→
The role of alcohol response phenotypes in the risk for alcohol use disorder.	King AC et al.	—	2019	→
Wrist-worn alcohol biosensors: Strengths, limitations, and future directions.	Wang Y et al.	—	2019	→
A Critical Review of Methods and Results in the Search for Genetic Contributors to Alcohol Sensitivity.	Schuckit MA	—	2018	→
Addiction as a BAD, a Behavioral Allocation Disorder.	Lamb RJ et al.	—	2018	→
Alcohol Consumption and Trait Anger Strengthen the Association Between Perceived Quarrelsomeness and Quarrelsome Behavior via Feeling Angry.	Sadikaj G et al.	—	2018	→
A multimodal investigation of contextual effects on alcohol's emotional rewards.	Fairbairn CE et al.	—	2018	→
Cerebral dopaminergic and glutamatergic transmission relate to different subjective responses of acute alcohol intake: an in vivo multimodal imaging study.	Leurquin-Sterk G et al.	—	2018	→
Characterization of hangover following intravenous alcohol exposure in social drinkers: methodological and clinical implications.	Vatsalya V et al.	—	2018	→
Comparison of subjective response to alcohol in Caucasian and Hispanic/Latino samples.	Richner KA et al.	—	2018	→
Differences in the subjective and motivational properties of alcohol across alcohol use severity: application of a novel translational human laboratory paradigm.	Bujarski S et al.	—	2018	→
Glyoxalase 1 (GLO1) Inhibition or Genetic Overexpression Does Not Alter Ethanol's Locomotor Effects: Implications for GLO1 as a Therapeutic Target in Alcohol Use Disorders.	Barkley-Levenson AM et al.	—	2018	→
Interactions between TLR4 methylation and alcohol consumption on subjective responses to an alcohol infusion.	Karoly HC et al.	—	2018	→
Intra- and Interindividual Variability in the Behavioral, Affective, and Perceptual Effects of Alcohol Consumption in a Social Context.	Franzen M et al.	—	2018	→
Intranasal Oxytocin Does Not Modulate Responses to Alcohol in Social Drinkers.	Vena A et al.	—	2018	→
Polymorphism study of nine SNPs associated with subjective response to alcohol in Chinese Han, Hui, Tibetan, Mongolian and Uygur populations.	Wei Q et al.	—	2018	→
Preliminary evaluation of a human laboratory model of impaired control over alcohol using intravenous alcohol self-administration.	Wardell JD et al.	—	2018	→
Problem Drinking, Alcohol Expectancy, and Thalamic Resting-State Functional Connectivity in Nondependent Adult Drinkers.	Zhornitsky S et al.	—	2018	→
Several behavioral traits relevant for alcoholism are controlled by ɣ2 subunit containing GABA<sub>A</sub> receptors on dopamine neurons in mice.	Stojakovic A et al.	—	2018	→
Stress vulnerability and alcohol use and consequences: From human laboratory studies to clinical outcomes.	Ramchandani VA et al.	—	2018	→
Striatal activity correlates with stimulant-like effects of alcohol in healthy volunteers.	Weafer J et al.	—	2018	→
The Arf6 activator Efa6/PSD3 confers regional specificity and modulates ethanol consumption in Drosophila and humans.	Gonzalez DA et al.	—	2018	→
Use of Electronic Cigarettes Leads to Significant Beta2-Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor Occupancy: Evidence From a PET Imaging Study.	Baldassarri SR et al.	—	2018	→
A cis-eQTL in OPRM1 is Associated with Subjective Response to Alcohol and Alcohol Use.	Otto JM et al.	—	2017	→
Acute alcohol effects on explicit and implicit motivation to drink alcohol in socially drinking adolescents.	Jünger E et al.	—	2017	→
Alcohol-induced performance impairment: a 5-year re-examination study in heavy and light drinkers.	Brumback T et al.	—	2017	→
Alcohol, stress, and glucocorticoids: From risk to dependence and relapse in alcohol use disorders.	Blaine SK et al.	—	2017	→
Anaplastic lymphoma kinase regulates binge-like drinking and dopamine receptor sensitivity in the ventral tegmental area.	Dutton JW et al.	—	2017	→
A Preliminary Investigation of the Effect of Acute Alcohol on Dopamine Transmission as Assessed by [<sup>11</sup> C]-(+)-PHNO.	Thiruchselvam T et al.	—	2017	→
A prospective study of genetic factors, human laboratory phenotypes, and heavy drinking in late adolescence.	Hendershot CS et al.	—	2017	→
A Review of Developmental Considerations in Human Laboratory Alcohol Research.	Hendershot CS et al.	—	2017	→
Association of Anticipated and Laboratory-Derived Alcohol Stimulation, Sedation, and Reward.	Fridberg DJ et al.	—	2017	→
Craving and acute effects of alcohol in youths' daily lives: Associations with alcohol use disorder severity.	Treloar H et al.	—	2017	→
Eating tasty foods to cope, enhance reward, socialize or conform: What other psychological characteristics describe each of these motives?	Boggiano MM et al.	—	2017	→
Energy drink enhances the behavioral effects of alcohol in adolescent mice.	Krahe TE et al.	—	2017	→
Ethanol Interactions With Dexmethylphenidate and dl-Methylphenidate Spheroidal Oral Drug Absorption Systems in Healthy Volunteers.	Zhu HJ et al.	—	2017	→
Excitation of lateral habenula neurons as a neural mechanism underlying ethanol-induced conditioned taste aversion.	Tandon S et al.	—	2017	→
Functional significance of subjective response to alcohol across levels of alcohol exposure.	Bujarski S et al.	—	2017	→
GRIK1 and GABRA2 Variants Have Distinct Effects on the Dose-Related Subjective Response to Intravenous Alcohol in Healthy Social Drinkers.	Yang BZ et al.	—	2017	→
Independent and Interactive Effects of OPRM1 and DAT1 Polymorphisms on Alcohol Consumption and Subjective Responses in Social Drinkers.	Weerts EM et al.	—	2017	→
Individual differences in voluntary alcohol intake in rats: relationship with impulsivity, decision making and Pavlovian conditioned approach.	Spoelder M et al.	—	2017	→
Initial subjective reward to alcohol in Sprague-Dawley rats.	Nentwig TB et al.	—	2017	→
Naltrexone moderates the relationship between cue-induced craving and subjective response to methamphetamine in individuals with methamphetamine use disorder.	Roche DJO et al.	—	2017	→
Optimizing follow-up and study retention in the 21st century: Advances from the front line in alcohol and tobacco research.	Smith LJ et al.	—	2017	→
Rat animal models for screening medications to treat alcohol use disorders.	Bell RL et al.	—	2017	→
Relationships of Impulsivity and Subjective Response to Alcohol Use and Related Problems.	Berey BL et al.	—	2017	→
Subjective alcohol responses in a cross-sectional, field-based study of adolescents and young adults: Effects of age, drinking level, and dependence/consequences.	Treloar H et al.	—	2017	→
Acquisition of Conditioned Responses to a Novel Alcohol-Paired Cue in Social Drinkers.	Mayo LM et al.	—	2016	→
Acute Alcohol Drinking Promotes Piecemeal Percepts during Binocular Rivalry.	Cao D et al.	—	2016	→
Acute subjective response to alcohol as a function of reward and punishment sensitivity.	Morris DH et al.	—	2016	→
Adolescent alcohol exposure decreased sensitivity to nicotine in adult Wistar rats.	Boutros N et al.	—	2016	→
Alcohol Effects on Stress Pathways: Impact on Craving and Relapse Risk.	Blaine SK et al.	—	2016	→
Alcohol-Induced Stimulation Mediates the Effect of a GABRA2 SNP on Alcohol Self-Administrated among Alcohol-Dependent Individuals.	Boyd SJ et al.	—	2016	→
Alcohol words elicit reactive cognitive control in low-sensitivity drinkers.	Bailey K et al.	—	2016	→
A Prospective 5-Year Re-examination of Alcohol Response in Heavy Drinkers Progressing in Alcohol Use Disorder.	King AC et al.	—	2016	→
Associations of OPRM1 A118G and alcohol sensitivity with intravenous alcohol self-administration in young adults.	Hendershot CS et al.	—	2016	→
Current insights into the mechanisms and development of treatments for heavy drinking cigarette smokers.	Roche DJ et al.	—	2016	→
Drinking Motives Predict Subjective Effects of Alcohol and Alcohol Wanting and Liking During Laboratory Alcohol Administration: A Mediated Pathway Analysis.	Wardell JD et al.	—	2016	→
Effect of Alcohol on Encoding and Consolidation of Memory for Alcohol-Related Images.	Weafer J et al.	—	2016	→
Effect of Varenicline Combined with High-Dose Alcohol on Craving, Subjective Intoxication, Perceptual Motor Response, and Executive Cognitive Function in Adults with Alcohol Use Disorders: Preliminary Findings.	Verplaetse TL et al.	—	2016	→
Experimental psychopathology paradigms for alcohol use disorders: Applications for translational research.	Bujarski S et al.	—	2016	→
Individual differences in subjective alcohol responses and alcohol-related disinhibition.	Quinn PD et al.	—	2016	→
Lesion of the rostromedial tegmental nucleus increases voluntary ethanol consumption and accelerates extinction of ethanol-induced conditioned taste aversion.	Sheth C et al.	—	2016	→
Rodent models and mechanisms of voluntary binge-like ethanol consumption: Examples, opportunities, and strategies for preclinical research.	Fritz BM et al.	—	2016	→
Role for the Rostromedial Tegmental Nucleus in Signaling the Aversive Properties of Alcohol.	Glover EJ et al.	—	2016	→
Subjective Response to Alcohol as a Research Domain Criterion.	Ray LA et al.	—	2016	→
The Alcohol Sensitivity Questionnaire: Evidence for Construct Validity.	Fleming KA et al.	—	2016	→
The Effect of Varenicline on the Neural Processing of Fearful Faces and the Subjective Effects of Alcohol in Heavy Drinkers.	Gowin JL et al.	—	2016	→
The Interactive Effects of Drinking Motives, Age, and Self-Criticism in Predicting Hazardous Drinking.	Skinner KD et al.	—	2016	→
The natural expression of individual differences in self-reported level of response to alcohol during ecologically assessed drinking episodes.	Trela CJ et al.	—	2016	→
Transition from ethanol-induced sensitization to tolerance across early and late infancy in the rat.	Castello S et al.	—	2016	→
Adaptation of Subjective Responses to Alcohol is Affected by an Interaction of GABRA2 Genotype and Recent Drinking.	Kosobud AE et al.	—	2015	→
Alcohol Intoxication Impairs Mesopic Rod and Cone Temporal Processing in Social Drinkers.	Zhuang X et al.	—	2015	→
Alcohol use disorders negatively influence antiretroviral medication adherence among men who have sex with men in Peru.	Ferro EG et al.	—	2015	→
Altered performance in a rat gambling task after acute and repeated alcohol exposure.	Spoelder M et al.	—	2015	→
A multilevel structural equation model of within- and between-person associations among subjective responses to alcohol, craving, and laboratory alcohol self-administration.	Wardell JD et al.	—	2015	→
Application of an alcohol clamp paradigm to examine inhibitory control, subjective responses, and acute tolerance in late adolescence.	Hendershot CS et al.	—	2015	→
Associations between lifetime PTSD symptoms and current substance use disorders using a five-factor model of PTSD.	Trautmann S et al.	—	2015	→
Differences in subjective response to alcohol by gender, family history, heavy episodic drinking, and cigarette use: refining and broadening the scope of measurement.	Morean ME et al.	—	2015	→
Differences in subjective response to alcohol in heavy- and light-drinking Chinese men versus Caucasian American men.	Rueger SY et al.	—	2015	→
Different Subjective and Objective Responses to Alcohol Among Heavy and Light Drinkers of Han and Uyghur Nationalities in China.	Hu HX et al.	—	2015	→
Dose-dependent effects of intravenous alcohol administration on cerebral blood flow in young adults.	Strang NM et al.	—	2015	→
Effects of idazoxan on alcohol pharmacokinetics and intoxication: a preliminary human laboratory study.	Haass-Koffler CL et al.	—	2015	→
Effects of mood inductions by meal ambiance and moderate alcohol consumption on endocannabinoids and N-acylethanolamines in humans: a randomized crossover trial.	Schrieks IC et al.	—	2015	→
Endophenotypes for Alcohol Use Disorder: An Update on the Field.	Salvatore JE et al.	—	2015	→
Factor Structure of Subjective Responses to Alcohol in Light and Heavy Drinkers.	Bujarski S et al.	—	2015	→
Inhibition of phosphorylated tyrosine hydroxylase attenuates ethanol-induced hyperactivity in adult zebrafish (Danio rerio).	Nowicki M et al.	—	2015	→
Integrating alcohol response feedback in a brief intervention for young adult heavy drinkers who smoke: A pilot study.	Fridberg DJ et al.	—	2015	→
N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonism has differential effects on alcohol craving and drinking in heavy drinkers.	Krishnan-Sarin S et al.	—	2015	→
Oral operant ethanol self-administration in the absence of explicit cues, food restriction, water restriction and ethanol fading in C57BL/6J mice.	Stafford AM et al.	—	2015	→
Quantifying alcohol consumption: Self-report, transdermal assessment, and prediction of dependence symptoms.	Simons JS et al.	—	2015	→
Rewarding and aversive effects of ethanol in High Drinking in the Dark selectively bred mice.	Barkley-Levenson AM et al.	—	2015	→
S6 Kinase Reflects and Regulates Ethanol-Induced Sedation.	Acevedo SF et al.	—	2015	→
Speech volume indexes sex differences in the social-emotional effects of alcohol.	Fairbairn CE et al.	—	2015	→
Subjective response as a consideration in the pharmacogenetics of alcoholism treatment.	Roche DJ et al.	—	2015	→
The effect of medical marijuana laws on adolescent and adult use of marijuana, alcohol, and other substances.	Wen H et al.	—	2015	→
Triple monoamine uptake inhibitors demonstrate a pharmacologic association between excessive drinking and impulsivity in high-alcohol-preferring (HAP) mice.	O'Tousa DS et al.	—	2015	→
XRCC5 as a risk gene for alcohol dependence: evidence from a genome-wide gene-set-based analysis and follow-up studies in Drosophila and humans.	Juraeva D et al.	—	2015	→
Acute alcohol response phenotype in heavy social drinkers is robust and reproducible.	Roche DJ et al.	—	2014	→
Adolescent intermittent ethanol exposure diminishes anhedonia during ethanol withdrawal in adulthood.	Boutros N et al.	—	2014	→
Adolescents and alcohol: acute sensitivities, enhanced intake, and later consequences.	Spear LP	—	2014	→
A GABRA2 variant is associated with increased stimulation and 'high' following alcohol administration.	Arias AJ et al.	—	2014	→
Alcohol challenge responses predict future alcohol use disorder symptoms: a 6-year prospective study.	King AC et al.	—	2014	→
Alcohol-induced impairment of inhibitory control is linked to attenuated brain responses in right fronto-temporal cortex.	Gan G et al.	—	2014	→
Alcohol-induced risk taking on the BART mediates alcohol priming.	Rose AK et al.	—	2014	→
Anxiety, sedation, and simulated driving in binge drinkers.	Aston ER et al.	—	2014	→
Are we drunk yet? Motor versus cognitive cues of subjective intoxication.	Celio MA et al.	—	2014	→
Characterizing subjective responses to alcohol among adolescent problem drinkers.	Miranda R et al.	—	2014	→
Differential striatal dopamine responses following oral alcohol in individuals at varying risk for dependence.	Setiawan E et al.	—	2014	→
Effects of varenicline on ethanol-induced conditioned place preference, locomotor stimulation, and sensitization.	Gubner NR et al.	—	2014	→
Energy drinks mixed with alcohol: what are the risks?	Marczinski CA et al.	—	2014	→
Ethanol effects on multiple fixed-interval, fixed-ratio responding in mice with deletions of the serotonin transporter gene.	Lamb RJ et al.	—	2014	→
Gender, history of alcohol use and number of drinks consumed predict craving among drinkers in a field setting.	Day AM et al.	—	2014	→
Genetic influences on response to alcohol and response to pharmacotherapies for alcoholism.	Enoch MA	—	2014	→
Genetic variation associated with euphorigenic effects of d-amphetamine is associated with diminished risk for schizophrenia and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.	Hart AB et al.	—	2014	→
Gut-brain peptides in corticostriatal-limbic circuitry and alcohol use disorders.	Vadnie CA et al.	—	2014	→
Influence of sensation seeking on response to alcohol versus placebo: implications for the acquired preparedness model.	Scott C et al.	—	2014	→
Lesions of the lateral habenula increase voluntary ethanol consumption and operant self-administration, block yohimbine-induced reinstatement of ethanol seeking, and attenuate ethanol-induced conditioned taste aversion.	Haack AK et al.	—	2014	→
Metabolism.	Plawecki MH et al.	—	2014	→
Pharmacogenetic approaches in the treatment of alcohol use disorders: addressing clinical utility and implementation thresholds.	Hendershot CS	—	2014	→
Relationships between impulsivity and subjective response in an IV ethanol paradigm.	Leeman RF et al.	—	2014	→
Selectively bred crossed high-alcohol-preferring mice drink to intoxication and develop functional tolerance, but not locomotor sensitization during free-choice ethanol access.	Matson LM et al.	—	2014	→
Stimulant and motivational effects of alcohol: lessons from rodent and primate models.	Brabant C et al.	—	2014	→
Subjective responses to alcohol in the lab predict neural responses to alcohol cues.	Courtney KE et al.	—	2014	→
Subjective response to alcohol and associated craving in heavy drinkers vs. alcohol dependents: an examination of Koob's allostatic model in humans.	Bujarski S et al.	—	2014	→
The association between blood alcohol content and cheerfulness, focus distraction, and sluggishness among young adults attending high school parties.	Eliasen M et al.	—	2014	→
The biphasic effects of moderate alcohol consumption with a meal on ambiance-induced mood and autonomic nervous system balance: a randomized crossover trial.	Schrieks IC et al.	—	2014	→
The effect of alcohol consumption on the adolescent brain: A systematic review of MRI and fMRI studies of alcohol-using youth.	Ewing SW et al.	—	2014	→
The predicted impact of reducing the nicotine content in cigarettes on alcohol use.	Dermody SS et al.	—	2014	→
Variation in AKR1C3, which encodes the neuroactive steroid synthetic enzyme 3α-HSD type 2 (17β-HSD type 5), moderates the subjective effects of alcohol.	Milivojevic V et al.	—	2014	→
Accentuating effects of nicotine on ethanol response in mice with high genetic predisposition to ethanol-induced locomotor stimulation.	Gubner NR et al.	—	2013	→
Acetate as an active metabolite of ethanol: studies of locomotion, loss of righting reflex, and anxiety in rodents.	Pardo M et al.	—	2013	→
A human alcohol self-administration paradigm to model individual differences in impaired control over alcohol use.	Leeman RF et al.	—	2013	→
Alcohol administration attenuates hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) activity in healthy men at low genetic risk for alcoholism, but not in high-risk subjects.	Mick I et al.	—	2013	→
Alcohol attenuates amygdala-frontal connectivity during processing social signals in heavy social drinkers: a preliminary pharmaco-fMRI study.	Gorka SM et al.	—	2013	→
Craving and subjective responses to alcohol administration: validation of the desires for alcohol questionnaire in the human laboratory.	Courtney KE et al.	—	2013	→
Determining the heritability of ethanol-induced locomotor sensitization in mice using short-term behavioral selection.	Linsenbardt DN et al.	—	2013	→
Differences in acute response to alcohol between African Americans and European Americans.	Pedersen SL et al.	—	2013	→
Early subjective response and acquired tolerance as predictors of alcohol use and related problems in a clinical sample.	Corbin WR et al.	—	2013	→
Effects of family history of alcohol dependence on the subjective response to alcohol using the intravenous alcohol clamp.	Kerfoot K et al.	—	2013	→
Identifying the molecular basis of inhibitory control deficits in addictions: neuroimaging in non-human primates.	Groman SM et al.	—	2013	→
Inattention, impulsive action, and subjective response to D-amphetamine.	Weafer J et al.	—	2013	→
In the company of others: social factors alter acute alcohol effects.	Kirkpatrick MG et al.	—	2013	→
Mixing an energy drink with an alcoholic beverage increases motivation for more alcohol in college students.	Marczinski CA et al.	—	2013	→
Subjective response to alcohol among alcohol-dependent individuals: effects of the μ-opioid receptor (OPRM1) gene and alcoholism severity.	Ray LA et al.	—	2013	→
Temporal mood changes associated with different levels of adolescent drinking: using mobile phones and experience sampling methods to explore motivations for adolescent alcohol use.	Crooke AH et al.	—	2013	→
The amphetamine response moderates the relationship between negative emotionality and alcohol use.	Allen KJ et al.	—	2013	→
The contributions of value-based decision-making and attentional bias to alcohol-seeking following devaluation.	Rose AK et al.	—	2013	→
The drug effects questionnaire: psychometric support across three drug types.	Morean ME et al.	—	2013	→
The Subjective Effects of Alcohol Scale: development and psychometric evaluation of a novel assessment tool for measuring subjective response to alcohol.	Morean ME et al.	—	2013	→
Validation of the brief Biphasic Alcohol Effects Scale (B-BAES).	Rueger SY et al.	—	2013	→
Alcohol exposure rate control through physiologically based pharmacokinetic modeling.	Plawecki MH et al.	—	2012	→
Alcohol increases impulsivity and abuse liability in heavy drinking women.	Reed SC et al.	—	2012	→
Alternative substance paradigm: effectiveness of beverage blinding and effects on acute alcohol responses.	Conrad M et al.	—	2012	→
Bridging Animal and Human Models: Translating From (and to) Animal Genetics.	Barkley-Levenson AM et al.	—	2012	→
Differential effects of alcohol on contrast processing mediated by the magnocellular and parvocellular pathways.	Zhuang X et al.	—	2012	→
Genome-wide association for methamphetamine sensitivity in an advanced intercross mouse line.	Parker CC et al.	—	2012	→
Genome-wide association study of d-amphetamine response in healthy volunteers identifies putative associations, including cadherin 13 (CDH13).	Hart AB et al.	—	2012	→
Human laboratory paradigms in alcohol research.	Plebani JG et al.	—	2012	→
Influence of the OPRM1 A118G polymorphism on alcohol-induced euphoria, risk for alcoholism and the clinical efficacy of naltrexone.	Setiawan E et al.	—	2012	→
Intracranial self-stimulation in FAST and SLOW mice: effects of alcohol and cocaine.	Fish EW et al.	—	2012	→
Naltrexone effects on cortisol secretion in women and men in relation to a family history of alcoholism: studies from the Oklahoma Family Health Patterns Project.	Lovallo WR et al.	—	2012	→
Pharmacogenetics of alcoholism: a clinical neuroscience perspective.	Ray LA et al.	—	2012	→
Pharmacogenetics of naltrexone in asian americans: a randomized placebo-controlled laboratory study.	Ray LA et al.	—	2012	→
Reduced subjective response to acute ethanol administration among young men with a broad bipolar phenotype.	Yip SW et al.	—	2012	→
Responses to alcohol and cigarette use during ecologically assessed drinking episodes.	Piasecki TM et al.	—	2012	→
Subjective and neural responses to intravenous alcohol in young adults with light and heavy drinking patterns.	Gilman JM et al.	—	2012	→
Subjective Effects of Thiopental in Young Adults with and without a Family History of Alcoholism.	Petrakis IL et al.	—	2012	→
Subjective perceptions associated with the ascending and descending slopes of breath alcohol exposure vary with recent drinking history.	Wetherill L et al.	—	2012	→
The effect of intravenous alcohol on the neural correlates of risky decision making in healthy social drinkers.	Gilman JM et al.	—	2012	→
Varenicline potentiates alcohol-induced negative subjective responses and offsets impaired eye movements.	Childs E et al.	—	2012	→
Commentary on Rossheim and Thombs (2011): artificial sweeteners, caffeine, and alcohol intoxication in bar patrons.	Marczinski CA	—	2011	→
Effects of alcohol on brain responses to social signals of threat in humans.	Sripada CS et al.	—	2011	→
Subjective responses to alcohol: a paradigm shift may be brewing.	King AC et al.	—	2011	→