Externalizing psychopathology and gain-loss feedback in a simulated gambling task: dissociable components of brain response revealed by time-frequency analysis.
paper
Cited
Public
- Authors
- Bernat, Edward M; Nelson, Lindsay D; Steele, Vaughn R; Gehring, William J; Patrick, Christopher J
- Year
- 2011
- Journal
- Journal of abnormal psychology
- PMID
- 21319875
- DOI
- 10.1037/a0022124
- PMCID
- PMC3092030
Externalizing is a broad construct that reflects propensity toward a variety of impulse control problems, including antisocial personality disorder and substance use disorders. Two event-related potential responses known to be reduced among individuals high in externalizing proneness are the P300, which reflects postperceptual processing of a stimulus, and the error-related negativity (ERN), which indexes performance monitoring based on endogenous representations. In the current study, the authors used a simulated gambling task to examine the relation between externalizing proneness and the feedback-related negativity (FRN), a brain response that indexes performance monitoring related to exogenous cues, which is thought to be highly related to the ERN. Time-frequency (TF) analysis was used to disentangle the FRN from the accompanying P300 response to feedback cues by parsing the overall feedback-locked potential into distinctive theta (4-7 Hz) and delta (<3 Hz) TF components. Whereas delta-P300 amplitude was reduced among individuals high in externalizing proneness, theta-FRN response was unrelated to externalizing. These findings suggest that in contrast with previously reported deficits in endogenously based performance monitoring (as indexed by the ERN), individuals prone to externalizing problems show intact monitoring of exogenous cues (as indexed by the FRN). The results also contribute to a growing body of evidence indicating that the P300 is attenuated across a broad range of task conditions in high-externalizing individuals.
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| 20 | Method — Data Reduction — Time-frequency components: theta and delta | using a 3 Hz lowpass 3rd order Butterworth filter, to isolate delta-band activity. These theta- and… |
| 21 | Method — Data Analysis | Analyses of behavioral response data are first reported, followed by analyses of the brain response… |
| 22 | Results — Behavioral Results: Externalizing Proneness Related Differences in Risk-Taking Behavior | Behavioral analyses evaluated the extent to which choices indicative of risk-taking evidenced… |
| 23 | Results — Brain Responses to Gain versus Loss Feedback: Comparison of Effects for Time Domain and Time-Frequency Measures | Statistical comparisons between time-domain (TD) and time-frequency (TF) signal representations of… |
| 24 | Results — Brain Responses to Gain versus Loss Feedback: Comparison of Effects for Time Domain and Time-Frequency Measures | subsequent positive deflection that reaches its maximum near the same time at which the P300… |
| 25 | Results — Brain Responses to Gain versus Loss Feedback: Comparison of Effects for Time Domain and Time-Frequency Measures | delta, respectively). On the other hand, within the P300 window (250–602 ms; in which the polarity… |
| 26 | Results — Effects of Externalizing Proneness on Brain Responses to Performance Feedback | Figure 3 presents ERP response data for gain versus loss trials as a function of scores on the… |
| 27 | Results — Effects of Externalizing Proneness on Brain Responses to Performance Feedback | Specifically, it is clear that the group difference in ERP response to feedback is confined to the… |
| 28 | Results — Effects of Externalizing Proneness on Brain Responses to Performance Feedback | × Gain/Loss trial interaction was found (i.e., significant correlations between ESI-100 scores and… |
| 29 | Results — Effects of Externalizing Proneness on Brain Responses to Performance Feedback — Omnibus analysis: Effects of feedback condition and externalizing proneness on TF component scores | Main effects were observed for Band, F(1,147) = 103.08, p < .001, Feedback, F(1,147) = 7.02, p <… |
| 30 | Results — Effects of Externalizing Proneness on Brain Responses to Performance Feedback — Omnibus analysis: Effects of feedback condition and externalizing proneness on TF component scores | for individuals higher in externalizing proneness, whereas theta-FRN exhibited no measurable… |
| 31 | Results — Effects of Externalizing Proneness on Brain Responses to Performance Feedback — Two-way analyses examining effects for theta and delta TF-PCs separately | These analyses, presented in Table 2, clearly demonstrate that only the magnitude of delta-P300… |
| 32 | Results — Effects of Externalizing Proneness on Brain Responses to Performance Feedback — Externalizing proneness and brain response: Comparison of effects for TD versus TF measures | It is informative to compare the markedly different effects of externalizing proneness on the two… |
| 33 | Results — Effects of Externalizing Proneness on Brain Responses to Performance Feedback — Externalizing proneness and brain response: Comparison of effects for TD versus TF measures | To evaluate this hypothesis, regression analyses were performed in which scores on the ESI-100… |
| 34 | Results — Effects of Externalizing Proneness on Brain Responses to Performance Feedback — Externalizing proneness and brain response: Comparison of effects for TD versus TF measures | contributed at all uniquely to the prediction of externalizing proneness beyond TF delta, or if… |
| 35 | Results — Effects of Externalizing Proneness on Brain Responses to Performance Feedback — Externalizing proneness and performance monitoring: Dissociating effects for feedback-ERN versus response-ERN | The findings for the FRN in the current study differ dramatically from those reported by Hall et al.… |
| 36 | Results — Effects of Externalizing Proneness on Brain Responses to Performance Feedback — Externalizing proneness and performance monitoring: Dissociating effects for feedback-ERN versus response-ERN | To directly compare activity associated with the loss-feedback FRN and incorrect-response ERN in… |
| 37 | Results — Effects of Externalizing Proneness on Brain Responses to Performance Feedback — Externalizing proneness and performance monitoring: Dissociating effects for feedback-ERN versus response-ERN | of individuals low and high in externalizing proneness were employed in the analysis in place of… |
| 38 | Discussion | In the current study, we examined brain responses to feedback stimuli in a gambling task in order… |
| 39 | Discussion | To achieve these aims, we needed to overcome the problem of component overlap for the FRN and P300… |
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