Association of CHRNA4 polymorphisms with smoking behavior in two populations.
- Authors
- Han, Shizhong; Yang, Bao-Zhu; Kranzler, Henry R; Oslin, David; Anton, Raymond; Gelernter, Joel
- Year
- 2011
- Journal
- American journal of medical genetics. Part B, Neuropsychiatric genetics : the official publication of the International Society of Psychiatric Genetics
- PMID
- 21445957
- DOI
- 10.1002/ajmg.b.31177
- PMCID
- PMC3742073
CHRNA4, the gene that encodes the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor Ξ±(4) subunit, is a potential candidate gene for nicotine dependence (ND). However, studies of the association of CHNRA4 with smoking behavior have shown inconsistent results. Our meta-analysis of linkage studies of smoking behavior identified a genome-wide significant linkage of the phenotype maximum number of cigarettes smoked in a 24-hour period to a region (20q13.12-q13.32) harboring CHRNA4. This motivated us to examine the association of CHRNA4 with smoking behavior in two independent samples. In this study, we examined five single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within CHRNA4 and three smoking-related behaviors: one quantitative trait [cigarettes smoked per day (CPD)], and two binary traits [DSM-IV diagnosis of ND and dichotomized Fagerstrom test of ND (FTND)], in 1,249 unrelated European-Americans (EAs) and 1,790 unrelated African-Americans (AAs). Using the combined sample with sex, age, and race as covariates, the synonymous SNP rs1044394 was significantly associated with ND (Pβ=β0.001) and FTND (Pβ=β0.01). Rs2236196, which has a low correlation with rs1044394, was also significantly associated with CPD (Pβ=β0.003). The pattern of association for these SNPs was similar in AAs and EAs. After correction for multiple testing, the association between rs1044394 and ND in the combined sample remained significant (Pβ=β0.033). In summary, our study supports association between CHRNA4 common variation and ND in AA and EA samples. Additional studies will be necessary to evaluate the role of rare variants at CHRNA4 for ND.
Linkage disequilibrium (LD) structure and association P values (multiple testing uncorrected P values) in African-Americans (AA), European-Americans (EA) and the full samples (All) for the three smoking-related behaviors. In each population-specific analysis, P values were adjusted by age and sex. In the combined analysis, P values were adjusted by age, sex and race. LD was calculated from the genotype data in AA and EA controls.
| Name | Type |
|---|---|
| AA | cohort |
| African American | cohort |
| African American female cohort local | cohort |
| African-Americans | cohort |
| AIMs | variant |
| alcohol | phenotype |
| alcohol dependence | phenotype |
| animal models | cohort |
| binary trait | phenotype |
| candidate SNP | cohort |
| case cohort | cohort |
| cases | cohort |
| causal SNP | cohort |
| central nervous system | anatomy |
| CEU | cohort |
| Chinese male cohort local | cohort |
| Chrna4 | gene |
| CHRNA4 polymorphisms local | variant |
| CHRNA4 rare missense variant local | variant |
| cigarettes | phenotype |
| cocaine | phenotype |
| combined cohort | cohort |
| combined sample | cohort |
| control | cohort |
| controls | cohort |
| CPD | phenotype |
| DSM-IV diagnosis of Nicotine Dependence local | phenotype |
| DSM-IV ND local | phenotype |
| EAs | cohort |
| European ancestry | cohort |
| European population | cohort |
| FagerstrΓΆm Test for Nicotine Dependence | phenotype |
| five SNPs local | variant |
| FTND | phenotype |
| FTND cases local | phenotype |
| FTND score | phenotype |
| full sample | cohort |
| German cohort | cohort |
| HapMap | cohort |
| humans | cohort |
| maximum number of cigarettes smoked in a 24-hour period local | phenotype |
| McLean Hospital | cohort |
| Medical University of South Carolina | cohort |
| mesolimbic dopamine system | drug |
| ND cases local | phenotype |
| never smokers | phenotype |
| nicotine | drug |
| nicotine addiction | phenotype |
| nicotine addiction phenotypes local | phenotype |
| nicotine dependence | phenotype |
| Nicotine dependence (ND) local | phenotype |
| opioid | drug |
| opioid dependence | phenotype |
| recruitment site local | cohort |
| rs1044394 | variant |
| rs1044396 | variant |
| rs1044397 | variant |
| rs12896399 local | variant |
| rs1426654 | variant |
| rs1540771 local | variant |
| rs1805007 local | variant |
| rs2236196 | variant |
| rs2814778 | variant |
| rs3787138 | variant |
| rs6010918 local | variant |
| self-reported race local | cohort |
| smoking | phenotype |
| smoking behavior | phenotype |
| smoking-related behaviors | phenotype |
| SNP | cohort |
| sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis local | phenotype |
| University of Connecticut Health Center | cohort |
| University of Pennsylvania | cohort |
| unrelated controls local | cohort |
| Yale University School of Medicine | cohort |
| YRI | cohort |
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| A regulatory variant of CHRM3 is associated with cannabis-induced hallucinations in European Americans. | Cheng Z et al. | β | 2019 | β |
| Manifesto for a European research network into Problematic Usage of the Internet. | Fineberg NA et al. | β | 2018 | β |
| Examination of the Involvement of Cholinergic-Associated Genes in Nicotine Behaviors in European and African Americans. | Melroy-Greif WE et al. | β | 2017 | β |
| A Genome-wide study of blood pressure in African Americans accounting for gene-smoking interaction. | Taylor JY et al. | β | 2016 | β |
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| CHRNA4 rs1044396 is associated with smoking cessation in varenicline therapy. | Rocha Santos J et al. | β | 2015 | β |
| Genome-wide meta-analysis reveals common splice site acceptor variant in CHRNA4 associated with nicotine dependence. | Hancock DB et al. | β | 2015 | β |
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| Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor variation and response to smoking cessation therapies. | Bergen AW et al. | β | 2013 | β |
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