Effects of the interaction between genotype and environment. Research into the genetic epidemiology of alcohol dependence.
- Authors
- Heath, Andrew C; Nelson, Elliot C
- Year
- 2002
- Journal
- Alcohol research & health : the journal of the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism
- PMID
- 12875047
- PMCID
- PMC6683842
As researchers make progress in elucidating the roles of specific genes that contribute to the risk of alcohol dependence, they also need to understand how the interplay between genetic and environmental risk factors increases risk. The term "genotype x environment (GxE) interaction effect" refers both to the modification of genetic risk factors by environmental risk and protective factors and to the role of specific genetic risk factors in determining individual differences in vulnerability to environmental risk factors. Understanding the contributions of GxE interaction effects to the risk for and development of alcohol dependence and coexisting disorders is of paramount importance. These GxE interaction effects can be determined by appropriately designed family and molecular epidemiological studies, such as studies of children of twins and prospective family studies.
Schematic model showing how intergenerational processes, including genotype × environment interaction effects, may contribute to the development of alcohol dependence and comorbid psychiatric disorders, as illustrated by the example of depression.NOTE: ?? indicates uncertainty about whether depression directly affects the risk of alcohol dependence.
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| Alcoholism and timing of separation in parents: findings in a midwestern birth cohort. | Waldron M et al. | — | 2013 | → |
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