Stability of scores and correlations with drinking behaviors over 15 years for the Self-Report of the Effects of Alcohol Questionnaire.
- Authors
- Schuckit, Marc A; Smith, Tom L
- Year
- 2013
- Journal
- Drug and alcohol dependence
- PMID
- 22980675
- DOI
- 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2012.08.022
- PMCID
- PMC3537846
BACKGROUND: The low level of response (LR) to alcohol is an endophenotype that predicts future heavy drinking and alcohol use disorders (AUDs). LR can be measured by laboratory-based alcohol challenges or by the retrospective Self-Report of the Effects of Alcohol (SRE) questionnaire. This paper reports the relationships among these two measures and how each related to both recent and future drinking quantities and problems across 15 years in 235 men. METHODS: Probands from the San Diego Prospective Study (SDPS) participated in alcohol challenges to determine their LR at age 20, and subsequently at ages 35, 40, 45 and 50 filled out an SRE regarding the number of standard drinks needed for up to four effects early in life (SRE5) and across early, recent, and heaviest drinking life epochs (SRET). Changes in SRE scores across time were evaluated with ANOVAs and Pearson correlations were used to evaluate how SRE5, SRET and earlier alcohol challenge-based LRs related to prior five-year drinking histories and future alcohol involvement. RESULTS: While SRE scores decreased 9% over the 15 years, the relationships between SRE values with prior five-year drinking parameters and with future alcohol intake and problems remained robust, and even improved with advancing age. A similar pattern was seen for correlations between SRE and alcohol challenge-based LRs 15-30 years previously. CONCLUSIONS: Alcohol challenge and SRE-based LRs related to each other, to alcohol use patterns, and to future alcohol problems across age 35-50 in the men studied here.
SRE5 (SRE first 5 or estimate of the standard drinks required for up to four effects the approximate first five times of drinking) and SRET (SRE Total representing SRE5 and SRE values for the recent three months and period of heaviest drinking) mean values with one direction standard deviation bars for each of the 5-year follow-up evaluations at T15 (15 years; age 37.1), T20 (20 years; age 41.8), T25 (25 years; age 46.8), and T30 (30 years; age 51.4).
| Name | Type |
|---|---|
| age | phenotype |
| Age-20 alcohol challenges local | phenotype |
| Age 35 (T15) local | cohort |
| Age 50 (T30) local | cohort |
| alcohol | phenotype |
| alcohol abuse | phenotype |
| alcohol challenge | drug |
| Alcohol Challenge LR local | phenotype |
| Alcohol challenge LR results local | phenotype |
| alcohol challenge LR values | phenotype |
| alcohol dependence | phenotype |
| Alcohol problem outcomes local | phenotype |
| Alcohol Problems | phenotype |
| alcohol quantities local | phenotype |
| Alcohol-related blackouts local | phenotype |
| Alcohol-related flush local | phenotype |
| alcohol-related outcomes | phenotype |
| alcohol‑related outcomes local | phenotype |
| alcohol-related problems | phenotype |
| alcohol sensitivity | phenotype |
| Alcohol Use | phenotype |
| Alcohol Use Disorder | phenotype |
| Asian individuals with alcohol-related flush local | cohort |
| AUD | phenotype |
| baseline alcohol challenge LR local | phenotype |
| Body sway | phenotype |
| Bravado regarding handling liquor local | phenotype |
| Combined T20, T25, T30 follow-ups local | cohort |
| cortisol | drug |
| current drinkers | phenotype |
| drinking characteristics local | phenotype |
| drinking parameters local | phenotype |
| Drinking parameters local | phenotype |
| Drinking-related parameters local | phenotype |
| Early drinking experiences local | phenotype |
| family history of alcoholism | phenotype |
| full sample of 235 men local | cohort |
| future adverse alcohol outcomes local | phenotype |
| future alcohol problems | phenotype |
| Future AUD status local | phenotype |
| Future drinking-related outcomes local | phenotype |
| healthy nonalcoholic subjects local | cohort |
| Heavier Alcohol Consumption local | phenotype |
| Heavier drinkers (age 12) local | cohort |
| heavy drinking | phenotype |
| High level of response to alcohol local | phenotype |
| High LR local | phenotype |
| impulsivity | phenotype |
| Individuals with family histories of AUDs local | cohort |
| Individuals with higher current and past alcohol problems local | cohort |
| Jewish subjects local | cohort |
| Job problems local | phenotype |
| Koreans | cohort |
| Lower third SRE group local | cohort |
| low level of response | phenotype |
| low LR | phenotype |
| LR | phenotype |
| male subjects | cohort |
| marital problems | phenotype |
| maximum drinks | phenotype |
| maximum quantity | phenotype |
| Men (235) local | cohort |
| Middle third SRE group local | cohort |
| Native Americans | cohort |
| nonalcoholic subjects | cohort |
| past five-year alcohol quantities local | phenotype |
| psychiatric disorders | phenotype |
| Recent alcohol consumption | phenotype |
| San Diego Prospective Study | cohort |
| SDPS probands | cohort |
| Self-Rating of the Effects of Alcohol Questionnaire local | phenotype |
| Self-Report of the Effects of Alcohol (SRE) score local | phenotype |
| sex | phenotype |
| SRE | phenotype |
| SRE5 local | phenotype |
| SRE5 score local | phenotype |
| SRE questionnaire local | drug |
| SRE questions local | phenotype |
| SRE scores | phenotype |
| SRET local | phenotype |
| SRET score local | phenotype |
| T1 local | cohort |
| T15 local | cohort |
| T15 SRE5 local | phenotype |
| T1 alcohol challenge local | phenotype |
| T1 alcohol challenge LR values local | phenotype |
| T20 local | cohort |
| T20 SRE5 local | phenotype |
| T25 local | cohort |
| T25 local | phenotype |
| T30 local | cohort |
| T30 outcomes local | phenotype |
| tolerance | phenotype |
| total SRE local | phenotype |
| Upper third SRE group local | cohort |
| Usual drinks local | phenotype |
| usual quantity | phenotype |
| well educated White males local | cohort |
| White men | cohort |
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