Current source density (CSD) old/new effects during recognition memory for words and faces in schizophrenia and in healthy adults.

paper Cited Public

Authors: Kayser, Jürgen; Tenke, Craig E; Kroppmann, Christopher J; Fekri, Shiva; Alschuler, Daniel M; Gates, Nathan A; Gil, Roberto; Harkavy-Friedman, Jill M; Jarskog, Lars F; Bruder, Gerard E
Year: 2010
Journal: International journal of psychophysiology : official journal of the International Organization of Psychophysiology
PMID: 19995583
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2009.12.001
PMCID: PMC2856653

We previously reported a preserved 'old-new effect' (enhanced parietal positivity 300-800 ms following correctly-recognized repeated words) in schizophrenia over mid-parietal sites using 31-channel nose-referenced event-related potentials (ERP) and reference-free current source densities (CSD). However, patients showed poorer word recognition memory and reduced left lateral-parietal P3 sources. The present study investigated whether these abnormalities are specific to words. High-density ERPs (67 channels) were recorded from 57 schizophrenic (24 females) and 44 healthy (26 females) right-handed adults during parallel visual continuous recognition memory tasks using common words or unknown faces. To identify and measure neuronal generator patterns underlying ERPs, unrestricted Varimax-PCA was performed using CSD estimates (spherical spline surface Laplacian). Two late source factors peaking at 442 ms (lateral parietal maximum) and 723 ms (centroparietal maximum) accounted for most of the variance between 250 and 850 ms. Poorer (76.6+/-20.0% vs. 85.7+/-12.4% correct) and slower (824+/-170 vs. 755+/-147 ms) performance in patients was accompanied by reduced stimulus-locked parietal sources. However, both controls and patients showed mid-frontal (442 ms) and left parietal (723 ms) old/new effects in both tasks. Whereas mid-frontal old/new effects were comparable across groups and tasks, later left parietal old/new effects were markedly reduced in patients over lateral temporoparietal but not mid-parietal sites, particularly for words, implicating impaired phonological processing. In agreement with prior results, ERP correlates of recognition memory deficits in schizophrenia suggest functional impairments of lateral posterior cortex (stimulus representation) associated with conscious recollection. This deficit was more pronounced for common words despite a greater difficulty to recall unknown faces, indicating that it is not due to a generalized cognitive deficit in schizophrenia.

#	Section	Preview
20	2. Material and Methods — 2.2. Stimuli and procedure	For each block, the item sequence consisted of 34 items that repeated once after either a short or a…
21	2. Material and Methods — 2.2. Stimuli and procedure	All items consisted of 256-grayscale, 185-by-200 (width-by-height) pixel graphics in Personal…
22	2. Material and Methods — 2.2. Stimuli and procedure	Whereas every effort was made to equate the stimulus categories with regard to their physical…
23	2. Material and Methods — 2.3. Data acquisition, recording, and artifact procedures	Continuous EEG, stimulus onset, and response codes were recorded using a 72-channel, 24-bit Biosemi…
24	2. Material and Methods — 2.3. Data acquisition, recording, and artifact procedures	After acquisition, raw data were referenced to nose, bipolar horizontal and vertical EOG derivations…
25	2. Material and Methods — 2.3. Data acquisition, recording, and artifact procedures	Recording epochs of 2,000 ms (including a 300 ms pre-stimulus baseline) were extracted off-line from…
26	2. Material and Methods — 2.3. Data acquisition, recording, and artifact procedures	Stimulus-locked ERP waveforms were averaged from correct, artifact-free trials using the entire 2-s…
27	2. Material and Methods — 2.3. Data acquisition, recording, and artifact procedures	113.1 ± 12.6 (83 – 135) and 79.5 ±24.2 (15 – 133) for words, and 110.7 ±12.4 (83 – 133) and…
28	2. Material and Methods — 2.4. Current Source Density (CSD) and Principal Components Analysis (PCA)	Averaged ERP waveforms were transformed into current source density (CSD) estimates (μV/cm2 units)…
29	2. Material and Methods — 2.4. Current Source Density (CSD) and Principal Components Analysis (PCA)	Stimulus-locked CSD waveforms (384 sample points spanning the time interval from −100 to 1,395 ms…
30	2. Material and Methods — 2.5. Statistical analysis	Factor scores of targeted PCA factors (i.e., those covering variance associated with episodic memory…
31	2. Material and Methods — 2.5. Statistical analysis	not depend on any auxiliary assumption (Maris, 2004). Scaled multivariate (entire topography) and…
32	2. Material and Methods — 2.5. Statistical analysis	For analyses of the behavioral data, response latency (mean response time of correct responses) and…
33	2. Material and Methods — 2.5. Statistical analysis	As there were no specific hypotheses regarding sex differences for these recognition memory tasks,…
34	2. Material and Methods — 2.5. Statistical analysis	Simple effects (BMDP-4V; Dixon 1992) provided means to systematically examine interaction sources,…
35	3. Results — 3.1. Behavioral data	Table 2 summarizes the behavioral performance for both tasks and groups. Both patients and controls…
36	3. Results — 3.1. Behavioral data	Item repetition lag was found to have a consistent impact on the behavioral performance, with poorer…
37	3. Results — 3.1. Behavioral data	97] = 1.35, n.s.). For the sensitivity measure, lag interacted with task and group, stemming from…
38	3. Results — 3.2. Electrophysiologic data — 3.2.1. Grand mean CSD waveforms	Figure 1 and 2 compare the grand mean CSD waveforms of patients and controls at all 67 recording…
39	3. Results — 3.2. Electrophysiologic data — 3.2.1. Grand mean CSD waveforms	The CSD component structure for faces (Figure 2) closely matched the one for words, including…

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In this knowledge base

Title	Year	PMID
Issues and considerations for using the scalp surface Laplacian in EEG/ERP research: A tutorial review.	2015	25920962
The use of current source density as electrophysiological correlates in neuropsychiatric disorders: A review of human studies.	2015	25448264
Auditory event-related potentials and α oscillations in the psychosis prodrome: neuronal generator patterns during a novelty oddball task.	2014	24333745
A neurophysiological deficit in early visual processing in schizophrenia patients with auditory hallucinations.	2012	22803512
Generator localization by current source density (CSD): implications of volume conduction and field closure at intracranial and scalp resolutions.	2012	22796039
ERP generator patterns in schizophrenia during tonal and phonetic oddball tasks: effects of response hand and silent count.	2010	21077570
Neuronal generator patterns of olfactory event-related brain potentials in schizophrenia.	2010	20456657

External

Title	Authors	Journal	Year	Link
Electrophysiological correlates of why humans deviate from rational decision-making: A registered replication study.	Rodrigues J et al.	—	2025	→
Recollection and familiarity in schizophrenia:An ERP investigation using face recognition exclusion tasks.	Guillaume F et al.	—	2021	→
Smiling as negative feedback affects social decision-making and its neural underpinnings.	Weiß M et al.	—	2020	→
Food-related salience processing in healthy subjects during word recognition: Fronto-parietal network activation as revealed by independent component analysis.	Safi A et al.	—	2018	→
Maternal deprivation induces alterations in cognitive and cortical function in adulthood.	Janetsian-Fritz SS et al.	—	2018	→
Neuronal generator patterns at scalp elicited by lateralized aversive pictures reveal consecutive stages of motivated attention.	Kayser J et al.	—	2016	→
Reconstructing the past: The late posterior negativity (LPN) in episodic memory studies.	Mecklinger A et al.	—	2016	→
Reduced Theta-Band Power and Phase Synchrony during Explicit Verbal Memory Tasks in Female, Non-Clinical Individuals with Schizotypal Traits.	Choi JW et al.	—	2016	→
How to stop or change a motor response: Laplacian and independent component analysis approach.	Rangel-Gomez M et al.	—	2015	→
Issues and considerations for using the scalp surface Laplacian in EEG/ERP research: A tutorial review.	Kayser J et al.	—	2015	→
P300 correlates with learning & memory abilities and fluid intelligence.	Amin HU et al.	—	2015	→
The use of current source density as electrophysiological correlates in neuropsychiatric disorders: A review of human studies.	Kamarajan C et al.	—	2015	→
Auditory event-related potentials and α oscillations in the psychosis prodrome: neuronal generator patterns during a novelty oddball task.	Kayser J et al.	—	2014	→
Disruptions in small-world cortical functional connectivity network during an auditory oddball paradigm task in patients with schizophrenia.	Shim M et al.	—	2014	→
Scalp current density mapping in the analysis of mismatch negativity paradigms.	Giard MH et al.	—	2014	→
Impact of intention on the ERP correlates of face recognition.	Guillaume F et al.	—	2013	→
A neurophysiological deficit in early visual processing in schizophrenia patients with auditory hallucinations.	Kayser J et al.	—	2012	→
ERP investigation of study-test background mismatch during face recognition in schizophrenia.	Guillaume F et al.	—	2012	→
Generator localization by current source density (CSD): implications of volume conduction and field closure at intracranial and scalp resolutions.	Tenke CE et al.	—	2012	→
Explicit and implicit memory in female college students with schizotypal traits: an event-related potential study.	Song BY et al.	—	2011	→
Heterogeneity of auditory verbal working memory in schizophrenia.	Bruder GE et al.	—	2011	→
Impairment not only in remembering but also in knowing previously seen faces and words in schizophrenia.	Martin CD et al.	—	2011	→
ERP generator patterns in schizophrenia during tonal and phonetic oddball tasks: effects of response hand and silent count.	Kayser J et al.	—	2010	→
Neuronal generator patterns of olfactory event-related brain potentials in schizophrenia.	Kayser J et al.	—	2010	→